HBV DNA integration and somatic mutations in HCC patients with HBV-HCV dual infection reveals profiles intermediate between HBV- and HCV-related HCC.

Background: In regions with a high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, coinfected patients face a heightened risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), termed HBV/HCV-related HCC (HBCV-HCC). We aimed to investigate the contribution of preexisting chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and subsequent chronic hepatitis C (CHC) to the development of HBCV-HCC.

Methods: We examined HBV's involvement in 93 HBCV-HCC cases by analyzing HBV DNA integration as an indicator of HCC originating from HBV-infected hepatocytes, compared with 164 HBV-HCCs and 56 HCV-HCCs as controls.

Excessive BMP3b suppresses skeletal muscle differentiation.

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-3b, also known as growth differentiation factor (GDF)-10, belongs to the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. Despite being named a BMP, BMP3b is considered as an intermediate between the TGFβ/activin/myostatin and BMP/GDF subgroups of the TGFβ superfamily. Myoblast differentiation is tightly regulated by various cytokines, including the TGFβ superfamily members.

TCA cycle impairment leads to PIN2 internalization and degradation via reduced MAB4 level and ARA6 components in Arabidopsis roots.

The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) plays a crucial role in linking the glycolysis pathway and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Previously, we reported that a mutation of , encoding an E1β subunit of PDC, affects the abundance of auxin efflux carriers PIN-FORMED proteins (PINs) via reduced recycling and enhanced degradation in vacuoles. Here, we further analyzed the effects of TCA cycle inhibition on vesicle trafficking using both the mutant and 3-BP, a TCA cycle inhibitor.

Phase 3 Study of Talazoparib Plus Enzalutamide Versus Placebo Plus Enzalutamide as First-Line Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: TALAPRO-2 Japanese Subgroup Analysis.

Background: In TALAPRO-2, the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor talazoparib plus the androgen receptor-signaling inhibitor enzalutamide improved radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) versus placebo plus enzalutamide (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.51-0.

Establishment of Biobank and Patient-Derived Xenograft of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors.

Soft tissue and bone tumors are rare, and their low frequency and diverse histological types make conducting large-scale clinical trials challenging. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX), entailing implantation of cancer specimens in immunocompromised mice, are emerging as a valuable translational model because PDX keeps the original tumors' character and drug sensitivity. We sequentially transplanted 166 surgical and biopsy specimens from orthopedic surgeries, including 138 soft tissue and bone tumors (81 malignant, 23 intermediate, and 34 benign), 16 metastatic bone tumors, 9 hematological malignancies, and 3 non-tumor tissues.

Evaluation of overwintering risk of tropical and subtropical insect pests in temperate regions.

Recent changes in climate and environments have promoted the range expansion of insect pests of tropical and subtropical origins into temperate regions. For more accurate and faster risk assessment of this expansion, we developed a novel indicator to link a physiologically derived parameter of chilling injury with the survival of insect populations in nature by using two insects, Spodoptera frugiperda and Cicadulina bipunctata with tropical and subtropical origins, and one cool-adapted insect, Laodelphax striatellus. The parameter derived from a proportional increment in the time to 99.

Association between antinuclear antibodies status and preterm birth in Japanese pregnant women: a prospective cohort study from Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study.

Background: Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are important biomarkers for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases; however, the general population also tests positive at a low frequency, especially in women. Although the effects of various autoimmune diseases on pregnancy outcomes have been studied, the association of ANA with pregnancy outcomes in healthy individuals is unclear. Preterm birth (PTB), a major cause of neonatal death or long-term health problems, is a complex condition with a multifactorial etiology, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Endoscopic mucosal resection and open-lid submucosal biopsy for the diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative gastric cancer: a retrospective observational study.

Background And Study Aims: Diffuse infiltrative gastric cancer can be difficult to diagnose owing to a lack of endoscopic features in the superficial mucosa. Moreover, a forceps biopsy may not reveal a pathological diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and 'open-lid submucosal biopsy', a technique wherein EMR followed by biopsy of the ulcer floor is performed for a pathological diagnosis.

Impact of long-term trends on outcomes in the management of colonic diverticular bleeding: mediation analyses in a large multicenter study.

Background: Despite accumulating evidence and recommendations for management of colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB), the changes in its clinical management and outcomes remain unknown.

Methods: We performed a retrospective tendency analysis on a biennial basis, a propensity score-matched cohort study between the first and latter half groups, and mediation analyses to compare the diagnostic and treatment methods between January 2010 and December 2019 (CODE BLUE-J Study).

Results: A total of 6575 patients with CDB were included.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of a1-Acid Glycoprotein and Tumor Associated Macrophages in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: α1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP), also known as orosomucoid, is an acute-phase protein that has been found increased in plasma of cancer patients. This study investigates the role of AGP expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its association with clinical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: We investigated the correlation between AGP levels and the prognosis of ccRCC through an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Health Utility of Pain Response Versus Nonresponse to Palliative Radiation Therapy for Symptomatic Bone Metastases: Analyses Based on Real-World Data from 26 Centers.

Utility values of responders and nonresponders are essential inputs in cost-effectiveness studies of radiation therapy for painful bone metastases but, to our knowledge, they have not been reported separately. We sought to determine the utility values of responders and nonresponders using data from a prospective observational study on bone metastases. The original prospective observational study was conducted at 26 centers in Japan.

Echocardiographic findings of patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy.

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is becoming increasingly recognized with the aging population, advancements in understanding of disease pathobiology and the potential benefits of emerging therapies. Bone scintigraphy, including Tc-labeled pyrophosphate scintigraphy, is currently considered the first-line modality for identifying ATTR-CM. Therefore, it is important to increase the preset probability using inexpensive and simple tests including echocardiography.

Ten new resin glycosides, ipoalbins I-X, from Ipomoea alba seeds.

Ipomoea alba L. (Convolvulaceae) is an annual vine native to tropical America that is cultivated primarily for ornamental purposes. Its seeds are used in traditional medicine as a laxative, and young shoots are consumed as food.

Deficiency Enhances Tumor Progression via ERBB3 Signaling in -Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma.

-rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma (TFE3-RCC) is an aggressive subtype of RCC characterized by Xp11.2 rearrangement, leading to TFE3 fusion proteins with oncogenic potential. Despite advances in understanding its molecular biology, effective therapies for advanced cases remain elusive.

A 4-year-old Boy Positive for Anti-rabphilin-3A Antibody and Diagnosed With Lymphocytic Infundibuloneurohypophysitis.

Lymphocytic infundibuloneurohypophysitis (LINH) is a disease with an etiology involving an autoimmune mechanism, characterized by lymphocytic inflammation of the posterior pituitary and infundibular stalk, resulting in arginine vasopressin deficiency. It is difficult to distinguish from pituitary neoplasm or infiltrative diseases, and biopsy is necessary for a definitive diagnosis, but this is highly invasive. In children, it is especially important to distinguish LINH from tumors such as germ cell tumors.

Effectiveness of sequential bilateral repetitive transcranial stimulation versus bilateral theta burst stimulation for patients with treatment-resistant depression (BEAT-D): A randomized non-inferiority clinical trial.

Background: Bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (BL-rTMS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is effective for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Owing to a shorter treatment time, bilateral theta burst stimulation (BL-TBS) can be more efficient protocol. The non-inferiority of BL-TBS to BL-rTMS was established in late-life TRD; however, this has not been determined in adults of other age groups.

Japanese clinical practice guidelines for oral cancer, 2023.

The Japanese Society of Oral Oncology and Japanese Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons have jointly developed clinical practice guidelines for oral cancer (oral squamous cell carcinoma) to improve and standardize the quality of oral cancer treatment in Japan. The first, second, and third editions were published in 2009, 2013, and 2019, respectively, and the 2023 edition was recently developed. In the development of the 2023 edition, 60 clinical questions (CQs) were listed.

A Case of Rapid Emergence of Small-cell Carcinoma due to Malignant Transformation or de novo Formation in the Anterior Mediastinum Following Thymoma Resection: The Importance of a Re-biopsy.

A 59-year-old woman presented with multiple mediastinal masses 6 months after post-thymectomy for type B2 thymoma. A diagnosis of small-cell carcinoma (SmCC) via a computed tomography-guided biopsy and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed no primary lesions outside the anterior mediastinum. The pathologically reevaluated post-thymectomy specimen showed no neuroendocrine differentiation.