Therapeutic effect of adjuvant therapy added to constraint-induced movement therapy in patients with subacute to chronic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This review investigated the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy combined with constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in improving the paretic upper limb functionality in adults with stroke sequelae during the subacute to chronic rehabilitation phase.

Materials And Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT), electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and MEDLINE, were searched. We included RCTs that investigated the outcomes of adjuvant therapy (i.

Cerebrovascular response to cognitive tasks in patients with schizophrenia measured by near-infrared spectroscopy.

We assessed the cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation response in the left frontal area in 62 schizophrenia patients and 31 healthy subjects during a verbal fluency test (VF) and letter number span test (LN) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) increased during VF and LN in both groups. Schizophrenia patients showed lower VF and LN performance and a smaller increase in oxyHb during VF than controls.

Differences of satisfaction with medication between patients with schizophrenia treated with typical antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics.

Many studies have demonstrated that atypical antipsychotics are superior to typical antipsychotics in that they have fewer side-effects and produce better improvement of cognitive deficits and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. However, most of these studies dealt with objective indices assessed by researchers rather than subjective indices that are indeed important to patients themselves. In 126 patients with schizophrenia, annoyance of side-effects and psychotic symptoms, satisfaction with medication, wish to change medication, and knowledge of atypical antipsychotics were assessed using questionnaires.