The performance of an intermediate 16th-week ultrasound scan for the follow-up of euploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency.

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the utility of an intermediate ultrasound scan at 16(+0) to 18(+6)  weeks of gestation in euploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency ≥ 3.5 mm.

Methods: Three hundred eighty-nine fetuses with nuchal translucency (NT) ≥ 3.

TUBB4A-related hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: New insights from a series of 12 patients.

Background: Hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC) was first described in 2002. After the recent identification of TUBB4A mutation as the genetic basis of the disease, the clinical and neuroimaging phenotype related to TUBB4A mutations expanded, ranging from primary dystonia type 4 with normal MRI to severe H-ABC cases.

Patients And Methods: The study included patients referred to us for an unclassified hypomyelinating leukodystrophy.

Nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma after Folfirinox failure: an AGEO prospective multicentre cohort.

Background: There is currently no standard second-line treatment for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (MPA), and progression-free survival is consistently <4 months in this setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (A+G) after Folfirinox failure in MPA.

Methods: From February 2013 to July 2014, all consecutive patients treated with A+G for histologically proven MPA after Folfirinox failure were prospectively enrolled in 12 French centres.

CD25 blockade in kidney transplant patients randomized to standard-dose or high-dose basiliximab with cyclosporine, or high-dose basiliximab in a calcineurin inhibitor-free regimen.

An increased basiliximab dose may saturate T-cell CD25 receptors in kidney transplant patients receiving calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-free immunosuppression. In a 12-week study, 16 de novo kidney transplant patients were randomized to (i) 40 mg basiliximab with cyclosporine [n = 3] (controls), (ii) 80 mg basiliximab with cyclosporine [n = 6], or (iii) 80 mg basiliximab with everolimus (CNI-free) [n = 7], all with mycophenolic acid and steroids. Recruitment was stopped prematurely due to increased biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) in the basiliximab 80 mg CNI-free group.

Second-line chemotherapy for advanced biliary tract cancer after failure of the gemcitabine-platinum combination: A large multicenter study by the Association des Gastro-Entérologues Oncologues.

Background: Few data are available on second-line chemotherapy (CT2) for advanced biliary tract cancer (ABTC). The aim of this multicenter study was to describe the CT2 regimens used, the response rates, and the outcomes of patients treated with various CT2 regimens.

Methods: Patients who received CT2 for ABTC at 17 French institutions after the failure of the gemcitabine-platinum combination were retrospectively studied.

Combined ART started during acute HIV infection protects central memory CD4+ T cells and can induce remission.

Background: Therapeutic control of HIV replication reduces the size of the viral reservoir, particularly among central memory CD4+ T cells, and this effect might be accentuated by early treatment.

Methods: We examined the effect of ART initiated at the time of the primary HIV infection (early ART), lasting 2 and 6 years in 11 and 10 patients, respectively, on the HIV reservoir in peripheral resting CD4+ T cells, sorted into naive (TN), central memory (TCM), transitional memory (TTM) and effector memory (TEM) cells, by comparison with 11 post-treatment controllers (PTCs).

Results: Between baseline and 2 years, CD4+ T cell subset numbers increased markedly (P < 0.

Locoregional symptoms in patients with de novo metastatic prostate cancer: Morbidity, management, and disease outcome.

Background: The paradigm change observed over the last few years in several solid tumors emphasizes the value of locoregional treatment in the presence of metastatic disease, currently ignored in de novo prostate cancer (CaP). We investigated the effect of the primary tumor that is left untreated on prostate cancer-specific morbidity and mortality, time to castration resistance, and overall survival (OS).

Methods: We performed a bicentric cohort study.

FOLFIRINOX for locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: results of an AGEO multicenter prospective observational cohort.

Background: First-line treatment with FOLFIRINOX significantly increases overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) compared with gemcitabine. The aim of this observational cohort was to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of this regimen in unresectable locally advanced PA (LAPA).

Patients And Methods: From February 2010 to February 2012, all consecutive patients from 11 French centers treated by FOLFIRINOX for a histologically proven LAPA were prospectively enrolled.

Management of patients over 80 years of age treated with resection for localised colon cancer: results from a French referral centre.

Background: Few data are available on management of very elderly colon cancer patients, especially concerning the parameters of therapeutic decisions and the role of geriatricians.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients over 80 years of age who underwent surgery for a localised colon cancer in a French academic hospital.

Results: A total of 176 patients underwent surgery (postoperative morbidity and mortality rates: 25% and 6.

Invasive pneumococcal disease in children can reveal a primary immunodeficiency.

Background: About 10% of pediatric patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) die from the disease. Some primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are known to confer predisposition to IPD. However, a systematic search for these PIDs has never been carried out in children presenting with IPD.

Autoimmune diseases in HIV-infected patients: 52 cases and literature review.

Objectives: 1) To describe autoimmune diseases (AD) in HIV-infected people; and 2) to perform a literature review concerning this issue.

Design: 52 HIV-infected patients that presented an AD in 14 medical departments in Paris and Ile-de-France area were retrospectively included in this study.

Results: The ADs were vasculitis (11), immune cytopenias (8), rheumatic diseases (8), lupus (7), sarcoidosis (7), thyroid diseases (6), hepatic diseases (5), and antiphospholipid syndrome (4).

MET is a potential target across all papillary renal cell carcinomas: result from a large molecular study of pRCC with CGH array and matching gene expression array.

Purpose: Papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCC) are the most common nonclear cell RCC subtype. Germline mutations of the MET oncogene at 7q31 have been detected in patients with hereditary type I pRCC and in 13% of sporadic type I pRCC. Recent report of MET inhibition strengthened the role of c-Met inhibition across pRCC.

Tumoral CD105 is a novel independent prognostic marker for prognosis in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and metastasis. There are conflicting reports as to whether microvessel density (MVD) using the endothelial marker CD105 (cluster of differentiation molecule 105) in clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) is associated with prognosis. Recently, CD105 has been described as a RCC cancer stem cell marker.

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours.

Purpose: To evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).

Patients And Methods: Data concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines.

Anti-HBV DNA vaccination does not prevent relapse after discontinuation of analogues in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial--ANRS HB02 VAC-ADN.

Objective: The antiviral efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogues whose main limitation is relapse after discontinuation requires long-term therapy. To overcome the risk of relapse and virological breakthrough during long-term therapy, we performed a phase I/II, open, prospective, multicentre trial using a HBV envelope-expressing DNA vaccine.

Design: 70 patients treated effectively with nucleos(t)ide analogues for a median of 3 years (HBV DNA <12 IU/mL for at least 12 months) were randomised into two groups: one received five intramuscular injections of vaccine (weeks 0, 8, 16, 40 and 44) and one did not receive the vaccine.

Endoscopic removal of large orbito-ethmoidal osteoma in pediatric patient: Case report.

Introduction: Osteoma is a benign slow growing bone tumor with a prevalence of 3% of all benign paranasal sinuses tumors, with a peak incidence between the fourth and sixth decades, mostly involving frontal sinuses.(1) PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a case of a large right ethmoidal sinus osteoma in a 12-year-old boy, complaining of frontal headaches and excessive lacrimation of the right eye. CT scan showed a very large tumor in the right anterior ethmoidal sinus (30mm×25mm×15mm).

Optimal level of nasal continuous positive airway pressure in severe viral bronchiolitis.

Purpose: To determine the optimal level of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) in infants with severe hypercapnic viral bronchiolitis as assessed by the maximal unloading of the respiratory muscles and improvement of breathing pattern and gas exchange.

Methods: A prospective physiological study in a tertiary paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Breathing pattern, gas exchange, intrinsic end expiratory pressure (PEEPi) and respiratory muscle effort were measured in ten infants with severe hypercapnic viral bronchiolitis during spontaneous breathing (SB) and three increasing levels of nCPAP.

Maternal outcome after conservative treatment of placenta accreta.

Objective: To estimate maternal outcome after conservative management of placenta accreta.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study sought to include all women treated conservatively for placenta accreta in tertiary university hospital centers in France from 1993 to 2007. Conservative management was defined by the obstetrician's decision to leave the placenta in situ, partially or totally, with no attempt to remove it forcibly.

IgA nephropathy associated with ankylosing spondylitis is not controlled by infliximab therapy.

The association between seronegative spondyloarthro- pathies and IgA nephropathy is well documented, mainly in cases of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, although these diseases have been associated, the physiopathological links between each other appear unclear. Anti-TNFalpha agents have transformed the outcome of axial forms of AS resistant to conventional anti-inflammatory therapies.

Physiological effects of noninvasive positive ventilation during acute moderate hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency in children.

Introduction: A prospective physiological study was performed in 12 paediatric patients with acute moderate hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency to assess the ability of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) to unload the respiratory muscles and improve gas exchange.

Materials And Methods: Breathing pattern, gas exchange, and inspiratory muscle effort were measured during spontaneous breathing and NPPV.

Results: NPPV was associated with a significant improvement in breathing pattern, gas exchange and respiratory muscle output.

Long-term effects of calcineurin inhibitor conversion to mycophenolate mofetil on renal function after liver transplantation.

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are the cornerstone of immunosuppression after liver transplantation. However, CNI treatment is frequently associated with chronic renal failure (CRF). The reduction or interruption of CNI may reduce renal failure.

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: five years of experience in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and outcome of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in daily clinical practice.

Design: Observational retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Pediatric intensive care unit in a university hospital.