MRI characteristics of MOG-Ab associated disease in adults: An update.

Our knowledge of the radiological spectrum of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is growing rapidly. An update on the radiological features of the disease, and its evolution is thus necessary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an increasingly important role in the differential diagnosis of MOGAD particularly from aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD), and multiple sclerosis (MS).

IgA Nephropathy Associated with Trifluridine/Tipiracil: A Case Report.

Kidney diseases during chemotherapy treatment are variable, with different manifestations depending on the drugs used. Trifluridine/tipiracil is a treatment used in refractory metastatic digestive cancers. Its renal toxicity is poorly described.

2020 French recommendations on the management of septic arthritis in an adult native joint.

Septic arthritis (SA) in an adult native joint is a rare condition but a diagnostic emergency due to the morbidity and mortality and the functional risk related to structural damage. Current management varies and the recommendations available are dated. The French Rheumatology Society (SFR) Bone and Joint Infection Working Group, together with the French Language Infectious Diseases Society (SPILF) and the French Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Society (SOFCOT) have worked according to the HAS methodology to devise clinical practice recommendations to diagnose and treat SA in an adult native joint.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy on dimethyl fumarate with preserved lymphocyte count but deep T-cells exhaustion.

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is associated with iatrogenic lymphopenia, predominating on CD8+ T-cells.

Objectives And Methods: We report an unusual case of DMF-related PML in a 66-year-old MS patient with preserved lymphocyte count (nadir: 810/mm) and normal CD8+ T-cells count.

Results: A massive overexpression of the inhibitory receptor Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) on CD8+ and memory effector T-cells together with an impaired anti-JC virus (JCV) specific T-cells response were found, compatible with exhaustion.

Subchondral bone or intra-articular injection of bone marrow concentrate mesenchymal stem cells in bilateral knee osteoarthritis: what better postpone knee arthroplasty at fifteen years? A randomized study.

Purpose: There is an increasing number of reports on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, it is not known what would better drive osteoarthritis stabilization to postpone total knee arthroplasty (TKA): targeting the synovial fluid by injection or targeting on the subchondral bone with MSCs implantation.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out between 2000 and 2005 in 120 knees of 60 patients with painful bilateral knee osteoarthritis with a similar osteoarthritis grade.

Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Decreased Activity, and Increased Care Delays.

Background And Purpose: The efficiency of prehospital care chain response and the adequacy of hospital resources are challenged amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, with suspected consequences for patients with ischemic stroke eligible for mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Methods: We conducted a prospective national-level data collection of patients treated with MT, ranging 45 days across epidemic containment measures instatement, and of patients treated during the same calendar period in 2019. The primary end point was the variation of patients receiving MT during the epidemic period.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity in renal transplantation candidates: a matched case-control study.

Obesity has become an important issue in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Since it is considered a relative contraindication for renal transplantation, bariatric surgery has been advocated to treat morbid obesity in transplant candidates, and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most reported procedure. However, comparative data regarding outcomes of LSG in patients with or without ESRD are scarce.

A Machine Learning Approach for High-Dimensional Time-to-Event Prediction With Application to Immunogenicity of Biotherapies in the ABIRISK Cohort.

Predicting immunogenicity for biotherapies using patient and drug-related factors represents nowadays a challenging issue. With the growing ability to collect massive amount of data, machine learning algorithms can provide efficient predictive tools. From the bio-clinical data collected in the multi-cohort of autoimmune diseases treated with biotherapies from the ABIRISK consortium, we evaluated the predictive power of a custom-built random survival forest for predicting the occurrence of anti-drug antibodies.

Liver metastasis at diagnosis in children with nephroblastoma enrolled in SIOP2001 protocol: A French multicentric study.

Background: Liver metastases are rare in children with Wilms tumor (WT), and their impact on the outcome is unclear.

Patients And Methods: The French cohort of patients with WT presenting liver metastases at diagnosis and enrolled in the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) 2001 study was reviewed.

Results: From 2002 to 2012, 906 French patients were enrolled in the SIOP2001 trial.

Assessing the effect of genetic markers on drug immunogenicity from a mechanistic model-based approach.

Background: With the growth in use of biotherapic drugs in various medical fields, the occurrence of anti-drug antibodies represents nowadays a serious issue. This immune response against a drug can be due either to pre-existing antibodies or to the novel production of antibodies from B-cell clones by a fraction of the exposed subjects. Identifying genetic markers associated with the immunogenicity of biotherapeutic drugs may provide new opportunities for risk stratification before the introduction of the drug.

Withholding the Introduction of Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: Impact on Outcomes in RAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Tumors: A Multicenter AGEO Study (the WAIT or ACT Study).

Background: Patients with RAS wild-type (WT) nonresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) may receive either bevacizumab or an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) combined with first-line, 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Without the RAS status information, the oncologist can either start chemotherapy with bevacizumab or wait for the introduction of the anti-EGFR. Our objective was to compare both strategies in a routine practice setting.

Clonal tracking in gene therapy patients reveals a diversity of human hematopoietic differentiation programs.

In gene therapy with human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), each gene-corrected cell and its progeny are marked in a unique way by the integrating vector. This feature enables lineages to be tracked by sampling blood cells and using DNA sequencing to identify the vector integration sites. Here, we studied 5 cell lineages (granulocytes, monocytes, T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells) in patients having undergone HSPC gene therapy for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome or β hemoglobinopathies.

Management of Patients With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the treatment of several cancers. These drugs increase T-cell activity and the antitumor immune response but also have immune-related adverse effects that can affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These adverse effects have been observed in 7% to 30% of patients treated with ICIs.

Preoperative C-reactive protein predicts early postoperative outcomes after pulmonary endarterectomy in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Objective: To determine whether preoperative systemic inflammation (defined by C-reactive protein [CRP] levels ≥10 mg/L) is associated with worse functional and hemodynamic status and poor early outcomes postendarterectomy in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).

Methods: This study included 159 patients who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy from 2009 to 2013 (derivation cohort) and 238 patients from 2015 to 2016 (validation cohort) with CRP data from the national CTEPH registry. The correlations between proinflammatory markers (CRP, interleukins 1 and 6, fibrinogen, and leukocytes) and hemodynamics were assessed in the derivation cohort.

Management of childhood aplastic anemia following liver transplantation for nonviral hepatitis: A French survey.

Background: Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare syndrome combining acute hepatitis of variable severity and AA. Hepatitis may be severe enough to require urgent liver transplantation (LT). Herein, we describe clinical presentation and management of a cohort of pediatric patients diagnosed with AA after undergoing LT for nonviral hepatitis.

Identification of Four Immune Subtypes Characterized by Distinct Composition and Functions of Tumor Microenvironment in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

Background And Aims: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a severe malignant tumor in which the standard therapies are mostly ineffective. The biological significance of the desmoplastic tumor microenvironment (TME) of ICC has been stressed but was insufficiently taken into account in the search for classifications of ICC adapted to clinical trial design. We investigated the heterogeneous tumor stroma composition and built a TME-based classification of ICC tumors that detects potentially targetable ICC subtypes.

Risk factors for failed induction of labor among pregnant women with Class III obesity.

Introduction: Our aim was to identify risk factors for failed induction in morbidly obese patients undergoing the induction of labor at term.

Material And Methods: This was a retrospective multicenter study on a cohort of 235 patients with a body mass index greater than 40 kg/m and giving birth to a singleton in cephalic presentation, who had an induction of labor from 38 weeks of amenorrhea. Scheduled cesareans and spontaneous vaginal deliveries were excluded.

Complication rate after cystectomy following pelvic radiotherapy: an international, multicenter, retrospective series of 682 cases.

Purpose: Conflicting evidence exists on the complication rates after cystectomy following previous radiation (pRTC) with only a few available series. We aim to assess the complication rate of pRTC for abdominal-pelvic malignancies.

Methods: Patients treated with radical cystectomy following any previous history of RT and with available information on complications for a minimum of 1 year were included.

Anti-RNP positivity in primary Sjögren's syndrome is associated with a more active disease and a more frequent muscular and pulmonary involvement.

Objectives: To describe and compare the clinical and biological characteristics of subjects with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) with and without anti-RNP antibodies.

Methods: Patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/EULAR 2016 criteria for pSS and having anti-RNP antibodies, without other connective tissue disease diagnosed and no anti-dsDNA antibodies were retrieved from the database from our French National Reference Center. These patients were compared with all other patients with pSS with negative anti-Sm, anti-RNP and anti-dsDNA antibodies.

Three fluoropyrimidine-based regimens in routine clinical practice after nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer: An AGEO multicenter study.

Background: A combination of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (N+G) has recently become a standard first-line treatment in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (MPA), but there are currently no published data concerning second-line treatment after N+G. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival outcomes and tolerability of three usual fluoropyrimidine-based regimens FOLFOX, FOLFIRI and FOLFIRINOX after N+G failure in MPA patients.

Methods: Patients receiving N+G as first-line regimen were prospectively identified in 11 French centers between January 2014 and January 2017.

Interstitial and Granulomatous Lung Disease in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.

Background: Interstitial lung [ILD] disease and granulomatous lung disease [GLD] are rare respiratory disorders that have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Clinical presentation is polymorphic and aetiology is unclear.

Methods: This was an ECCO-CONFER project.

Use of Highly Individualized Complement Blockade Has Revolutionized Clinical Outcomes after Kidney Transplantation and Renal Epidemiology of Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.

Background: Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is associated with high recurrence rates after kidney transplant, with devastating outcomes. In late 2011, experts in France recommended the use of highly individualized complement blockade-based prophylaxis with eculizumab to prevent post-transplant atypical HUS recurrence throughout the country.

Methods: To evaluate this strategy's effect on kidney transplant prognosis, we conducted a retrospective multicenter study from a large French nationwide registry, enrolling all adult patients with atypical HUS who had undergone complement analysis and a kidney transplant since January 1, 2007.