A rare case of intimal fibroplasia in a 20-month-old child.

Fibromuscular dysplasia is a rare finding in children, with only 30 patients aged <18 years listed in the US Registry for Fibromuscular Dysplasia as of March 2014. Intimal fibroplasia accounts for only 10% of fibromuscular disease. Our 20-month-old patient represents a rare case of pediatric intimal fibroplasia resulting in a loss of renal function, who was treated successfully with an open nephrectomy.

Diagnostic challenges in a child with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3 (FHLH3) presenting with fulminant neurological disease.

Background: Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) is an autosomal recessively inherited multisystem disease characterized by fever, rash, splenomegaly, cytopenias, and variable central nervous system (CNS) manifestations.

Case History: We report the case of a 3-year-old boy who presented with splenomegaly and normocytic anemia 4 months after returning to the US from a region endemic for Leishmania infection. The child later developed progressive neurological impairment and had radiologic evidence of widespread demyelinating disease.

Mandibular distraction for amniotic band syndrome in the neonate.

Prior reports have advocated the use of distraction osteogenesis (DO) in the management of neonates with mandibular hypoplasia to avoid early tracheostomy and its associated morbidity. Our center recently reported on the successful use of DO in a neonate with muscular dystrophy, a condition which affects the bone as well as the adjacent skeletal muscle. Herein, we describe the use of neonatal DO for mandibular hypoplasia in the setting of amniotic band sequence (ABS).