Long-Term Effect of Porcine Brain Enzyme Hydrolysate Intake on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats.

No study has revealed the effect of porcine brain enzyme hydrolysate (PBEH) on memory impairment. We aimed to examine the hypothesis that PBEH intake modulates memory deficits and cognitive behavior in scopolamine (SC)-induced amnesia rats, and its mechanism, including gut microbiota changes, was determined. Sprague-Dawley male rats had intraperitoneal injections of SC (2 mg/kg body weight/day) at 30 min after daily feeding of casein (MD-control), PBEH (7 mg total nitrogen/mL) at 0.

Efficacy and Safety of Aronia, Red Ginseng, Shiitake Mushroom, and Nattokinase Mixture on Insulin Resistance in Prediabetic Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

We determined whether oral consumption of Aronia, red ginseng, shiitake mushroom, and nattokinase mixture (3.4: 4.1: 2.

Aqueous Blackcurrant Extract Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion and Modulates the Gut Microbiome in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

This study was undertaken to determine whether aqueous blackcurrant extracts (BC) improve glucose metabolism and gut microbiomes in non-obese type 2 diabetic animals fed a high-fat diet and to identify the mechanism involved. Partially pancreatectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats were provided a high-fat diet containing 0% (control), 0.2% (L-BC; low dosage), 0.

The haplotype of _rs3733591, _rs2725220 and _rs2231142 increases the hyperuricaemia risk and alcohol, chicken and processed meat intakes and smoking interact with its risk.

We determined that a genetic haplotype increased the risk of hyperuricaemia and it interacted with lifestyle factors, including nutrients in 28,445 middle-aged Koreans. _rs2231142, _rs2725220 and _rs3733591 were selected from GWAS based on hyperuricaemia (≥7 mg/dL;  = 6.88E-42, 1.

Associations between metabolic syndrome and urinary Na-to-K ratio and glomerular filtration rate in middle-aged adults regardless of Na and K intakes.

Background: Intake of Na-to-K ratio (I-Na/K), urinary Na-to-K ratio (U-Na/K), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) have been reported to be risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS), but results are inconsistent. We examined the hypothesis that U-Na/K, GFR, and a preference for salty foods are associated with MetS risk and the hypothesis in 8540 adults aged over 40 years without chronic kidney disease.

Methods: Participants were categorized using a U-Na/K of < 2.

Mixture of blackberry leaf and fruit extracts alleviates non-alcoholic steatosis, enhances intestinal integrity, and increases and in rats.

Unlabelled: We hypothesized that a mixture of blackberry fruit and leaf extracts may alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Rats with diet-induced NAFLD were used to test the hypothesis and explore possible mechanisms. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were orally administered diets 51% of energy from fat and 450 mg dextrin/kg bw (NAFLD-control), 50% ethanol blackberry leaf extract (450 mg/kg bw; BL), 50% ethanol blackberry fruit extract (450 mg/kg bw; BF), the mixture of blackberry leaf and fruit extracts (2:1; 150 mg/kg bw; BLF), and milk thistle extracts (150 mg/kg bw; positive-control) for 12 weeks.

Subcutaneous fat mass is associated with genetic risk scores related to proinflammatory cytokine signaling and interact with physical activity in middle-aged obese adults.

Background And Aims: Subcutaneous fat mass is negatively correlated with atherogenic risk factors, but its putative benefits remain controversial. We hypothesized that genetic variants that influence subcutaneous fat mass would modulate lipid and glucose metabolism and have interactions with lifestyles in Korean middle-aged adults with high visceral fat.

Materials And Methods: Subcutaneous fat mass was categorized by dividing the average of subscapular skin-fold thickness by BMI and its cutoff point was 1.

Rice Porridge Containing Welsh Onion Root Water Extract Alleviates Osteoarthritis-Related Pain Behaviors, Glucose Levels, and Bone Metabolism in Osteoarthritis-Induced Ovariectomized Rats.

Rice porridge containing (Welsh onion) root water extract (RAFR) has anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds. We examined whether the long-term administration of rice porridge with RAFR would prevent or delay the progression of osteoarthritis and menopausal symptoms in estrogen-deficient animals by ovariectomy. The rats consumed 40% fat energy diets containing 250 mg RAFR (rice: root = 13:1)/kg body weight (bw) (OVX-OA-RAFR-Low), 750 mg RAFR/kg bw (OVX-OA-RAFR-High) and 750 mg starch and protein/kg bw(OVX), respectively.

Lactobacillus intestinalis efficiently produces equol from daidzein and chungkookjang, short-term fermented soybeans.

Equol improves menopausal symptoms and it is synthesized from daidzein, one of the isoflavonoids in soybeans, by the bacteria in the large intestines of some people. The purpose of this study was to isolate equol-producing bacteria using daidzein from the intestinal microflora and to produce equol-containing chungkookjang (short-term fermented soybean). Equol-producing bacteria from the feces of Sprague-Dawley female rats were isolated using media containing daidzein.

Association between PTPN22-1123G/C and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) varies greatly among different ethnic groups, suggesting genetic susceptibility. The several genetic variants of protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22-1123G/C, rs2488457) have been widely examined. We systematically evaluated the association of PTPN22-1123 and RA risk by pooling the related studies conducted in different races.

Combination of Aronia, Red Ginseng, Shiitake Mushroom and Nattokinase Potentiated Insulin Secretion and Reduced Insulin Resistance with Improving Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Insulin Deficient Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

The combination of freeze-dried aronia, red ginseng, ultraviolet-irradiated shiitake mushroom and nattokinase (AGM; 3.4:4.1:2.

Red mulberry fruit aqueous extract and silk proteins accelerate acute ethanol metabolism and promote the anti‑oxidant enzyme systems in rats.

Red mulberry (Morus alba) fruit is rich in anthocyanins, and mulberry leaves are used by silk worms to make silk protein. We determined that the water and ethanol extract of mulberry fruit and silk amino acids accelerated ethanol degradation and suppressed temporal cognitive dysfunction in acute alcohol administered rats. The mechanism was explored in rats with acute oral administration of silk protein and mulberry fruit extracts.

Gastroprotective actions of Taraxacum coreanum Nakai water extracts in ethanol-induced rat models of acute and chronic gastritis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Taraxacum coreanum Nakai has been traditionally used for treating inflammatory diseases including gastrointestinal diseases.

Aim Of The Study: We studied whether water extracts of Taraxacum coreanum Nakai (TCN) had a protective effect on acute and chronic gastritis induced by ethanol/HCl in an animal model of gastritis and its mechanism was also explored.

Materials And Methods: In the acute study, rats were orally administered 0.

The combination of Artemisia princeps Pamp, Leonurus japonicas Houtt, and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit attenuates the exacerbation of energy, lipid, and glucose by increasing hepatic PGC-1α expression in estrogen-deficient rats.

Background: Artemisia princeps Pamp (APP), Leonurus japonicas Houtt (LJH), and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit (GJE) have been traditionally used in East Asia to treat women's diseases related to reproductive system. They may attenuate the deterioration of energy, lipid, glucose and bone metabolism by estrogen deficiency. The present study explored the combination of APP, LJH, and GJE to overcome the symptoms of estrogen deficiency and the mechanism was explored.

Anti-Diabetic Activities of Gastrodia elata Blume Water Extracts Are Mediated Mainly by Potentiating Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Increasing β-Cell Mass in Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic Animals.

The brain is an important modulator of glucose metabolism, and is known to respond Gastrodia elata Blume water extract (GEB). Therefore, we examined whether long-term administration of GEB has hypoglycemic activity, and its action mechanism was explored in partially-pancreatectomized rats that exhibit similar characteristics as Asian type 2 diabetes, non-obese insulin-insufficient diabetes. The rats were provided high-fat diets supplemented with either of (1) 0.

Methyl jasmolate treated buckwheat sprout powder enhances glucose metabolism by potentiating hepatic insulin signaling in estrogen-deficient rats.

Objectives: Methyl jasmolate (MeJA)-treated vegetables produce higher concentrations of various bioactive compounds. We investigated whether long-term oral consumption of MeJA-treated and untreated buckwheat sprout powder improves energy, glucose, lipid, and bone metabolism induced by estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed high-fat diets, and explored the mechanisms involved.

Methods: OVX rats were divided into four groups and fed high-fat diets supplemented with 3% dextrin (OVX-control), buckwheat sprout powder (BWS), or MeJA-treated buckwheat sprout powder (MJ-BWS) for 12 wk.

Asian Elm tree inner bark prevents articular cartilage deterioration in ovariectomized obese rats with monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis.

Objective: We investigated whether long-term consumption of Korean mistletoe or Asian Ulmi cortex would prevent or delay menopausal symptoms and progression of osteoarthritis in estrogen-deficient obese rats.

Methods: Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were provided a 45% fat diet containing either (1) 0.6% lyophilized water extract of Korean mistletoe (KME) + 1.

Red peppers with moderate and severe pungency prevent the memory deficit and hepatic insulin resistance in diabetic rats with Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Dementia induced by β-amyloid accumulation impairs peripheral glucose homeostasis, but red pepper extract improves glucose homeostasis. We therefore evaluated whether long-term oral consumption of different red pepper extracts improves cognitive dysfunction and glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic rats with β-amyloid-induced dementia.

Methods: Male diabetic rats received hippocampal CA1 infusions of β-amyloid (25-35) (AD) or β-amyloid (35-25, non-plaque forming), at a rate of 3.

The supplementation of Korean mistletoe water extracts reduces hot flushes, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and muscle loss in ovariectomized rats.

Since Korean mistletoe (Viscum album) has been used for alleviating metabolic diseases, it may also prevent the impairment of energy, glucose, lipid, and bone metabolisms in an estrogen-deficient animal model. We determined that long-term consumption of Korean mistletoe water extract (KME) can alleviate menopausal symptoms such as hot flush, increased abdominal fat mass, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and decreased bone mineral density in ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed a high-fat diet, and explored the mechanisms of the effects. OVX rats were divided into four groups and fed high-fat diets supplemented with either 0.

Fermenting soybeans with Bacillus licheniformis potentiates their capacity to improve cognitive function and glucose homeostaisis in diabetic rats with experimental Alzheimer's type dementia.

Purpose: Brain insulin resistance is related to both diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. We investigated whether both chungkookjangs, soybeans fermented in a traditional method (TFC) and with Bacillus lichenifomis (SFC), can protect against cognitive dysfunction and glucose dysregulation in rats with Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Partial pancreatectomy (Px) and ICV β-amyloid (25-35) infusion into the CA1 region were fed either control diet (AD-CON), 10% cooked soybeans (CSB), 10% TFC, or 10% SFC in a high fat diet for 8 weeks.

Soybean fermentation with Bacillus licheniformis increases insulin sensitizing and insulinotropic activity.

Traditionally fermented soybeans (chungkookjang; TFC) may have potent anti-diabetic activity, depending on the ambient microorganisms and conditions. We hypothesized that one of the major Bacillus species in TFC contributes to the anti-diabetic activity and could be used to standardize a highly functional TFC. We tested the hypothesis by using cell-based studies to evaluate insulin sensitizing and insulinotropic action of chungkookjangs fermented with various Bacillus spp.

Yuzu extract prevents cognitive decline and impaired glucose homeostasis in β-amyloid-infused rats.

Our preliminary study revealed that dementia induced by β-amyloid accumulation impairs peripheral glucose homeostasis (unpublished). We therefore evaluated whether long-term oral consumption of yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) extract improves cognitive dysfunction and glucose homeostasis in β-amyloid-induced rats. Male rats received hippocampal CA1 infusions of β-amyloid (25-35) [plaque forming β-amyloid; Alzheimer disease (AD)] or β-amyloid (35-25) [non-plaque forming β-amyloid; C (non-Alzheimer disease control)] at a rate of 3.

Standardized chungkookjang, short-term fermented soybeans with Bacillus lichemiformis, improves glucose homeostasis as much as traditionally made chungkookjang in diabetic rats.

As the traditional homemade chungkookjang is replaced by standardized chungkookjang fermented by inoculating Bacillus spp., it is desirable to maintain the anti-diabetic efficacy of the most potent traditional varieties. Preliminary in vitro research suggested that anti-diabetic efficacy can be achieved by using B.

Capsiate improves glucose metabolism by improving insulin sensitivity better than capsaicin in diabetic rats.

Red peppers and red pepper paste are reported to have anti-obesity, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in animals and humans due to the capsaicin in red pepper. We investigated whether consuming capsaicin and capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analogue, modifies glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, pancreatic β-cell survival and insulin sensitivity in 90% pancreatectomized (Px) diabetic rats, a moderate and non-obese type 2 diabetic animal model. Px diabetic rats were divided into 3 treatment groups: 1) capsaicin (Px-CPA), 2) capsiate (Px-CPI) or 3) dextrose (Px-CON) and provided high fat diets (40 energy % fat) containing assigned components (0.