Immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy of -derived extracellular vesicles as a novel vaccine candidate.

(APP) is a significant pathogen in the swine industry, leading to substantial economic losses and highlighting the need for effective vaccines. This study evaluates the potential of APP-derived extracellular vesicles (APP-EVs) as a vaccine candidate compared to the commercial Coglapix vaccine. APP-EVs, isolated using tangential flow filtration (TFF) and cushioned ultracentrifugation, exhibited an average size of 105 nm and a zeta potential of -17.

Isoxazole-based molecules restore NK cell immune surveillance in hepatocarcinogenesis by targeting TM4SF5 and SLAMF7 linkage.

Dynamic communication between hepatocytes and the environment is critical in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Clinical immunotherapy against HCC is currently unsatisfactory and needs more systemic considerations, including the identification of new biomarkers and immune checkpoints. Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is known to promote HCC, but it remains unclear how cancerous hepatocytes avoid immune surveillance and whether avoidance can be blocked.

Reduced UPF1 levels in senescence impair nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Cells regulate gene expression through various RNA regulatory mechanisms, and this regulation often becomes less efficient with age, contributing to accelerated aging and various age-related diseases. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a well-characterized RNA surveillance mechanism, degrades aberrant mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTCs) to prevent the synthesis of truncated proteins. While the role of NMD in cancer and developmental and genetic diseases is well documented, its implications in human aging remain largely unexplored.

Gallibacterium faecale sp. nov., Isolated from Dairy Cow Feces.

A facultative anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain AGMB14963 was isolated from the feces of a dairy cow. A 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain AGMB14963 belongs to the genus Gallibacterium, with Gallibacterium salpingitidis F150 being the closest species (95.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity).

Anti-proteolytic regulation of KRAS by USP9X/NDRG3 in KRAS-driven cancer development.

Cancers with activating mutations of KRAS show a high prevalence but remain intractable, requiring innovative strategies to overcome the poor targetability of KRAS. Here, we report that KRAS expression is post-translationally up-regulated through deubiquitination when the scaffolding function of NDRG3 (N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 3) promotes specific interaction between KRAS and a deubiquitinating enzyme, USP9X. In KRAS-mutant cancer cells KRAS protein expression, downstream signaling, and cell growth are highly dependent on NDRG3.

Cell-free biocatalysis for co-production of nicotinamide mononucleotide and ethanol from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and recombinant Escherichia coli.

Cell-free enzyme systems have emerged as a promising approach for producing various biometabolites, offering several advantages over traditional whole-cell systems. This study presents an approach to producing nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) by combining a Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell-free enzyme with a recombinant Escherichia coli cell-free enzyme. The system leverages the ATP generated by yeast during ethanol fermentation to produce NMN in the presence of nicotinamide (NAM) as a substrate.

Plasmon-Driven Gold Nanopillar Multiarrayed Gene Amplification Methodology for the High-Throughput Discrimination of Pathogens.

Molecular diagnosis limitations, including complex treatment processes, low cost-effectiveness, and operator-dependent low reproducibility, interrupt the timely prevention of disease spread and the development of medical devices for home and outdoor uses. A newly fabricated gold nanopillar array-based film is presented for superior photothermal energy conversion. Magnifying the metal film surface-to-volume ratio increases the photothermal energy conversion efficiency, resulting in a swift reduction in the gene amplification reaction time.

3D bioprinting: Advancing the future of food production layer by layer.

3D bioprinting is an advanced manufacturing technique that involves the precise layer-by-layer deposition of biomaterials, such as cells, growth factors, and biomimetic scaffolds, to create three-dimensional living structures. It essentially combines the complexity of biology with the principles of 3D printing, making it possible to fabricate complex biological structures with extreme control and accuracy. This review discusses how 3D bioprinting is developing as an essential step in the creation of alternative food such as cultured meat and seafood.

GDBr: genomic signature interpretation tool for DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms.

Large genetic variants can be generated via homologous recombination (HR), such as polymerase theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ) or single-strand annealing (SSA). Given that these HR-based mechanisms leave specific genomic signatures, we developed GDBr, a genomic signature interpretation tool for DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms using high-quality genome assemblies. We applied GDBr to a draft human pangenome reference.

Anti-Inflammatory 8-Shogaol Mediates Apoptosis by Inducing Oxidative Stress and Sensitizes Radioresistance in Gastric Cancer.

Radiotherapy is a powerful tumor therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer patients. However, radioresistance is a major obstacle to kill cancer cells. Ginger ( Roscoe) exerts a potential function in various cancers and is a noble combined therapy to overcome radioresistance in gastric cancer radiotherapy.

Highly accurate Korean draft genomes reveal structural variation highlighting human telomere evolution.

Given the presence of highly repetitive genomic regions such as subtelomeric regions, understanding human genomic evolution remains challenging. Recently, long-read sequencing technology has facilitated the identification of complex genetic variants, including structural variants (SVs), at the single-nucleotide level. Here, we resolved SVs and their underlying DNA damage-repair mechanisms in subtelomeric regions, which are among the most uncharted genomic regions.

Perfluorocarbon-polyepinephrine core-shell nanoparticles as a near-infrared light activatable theranostic platform for bimodal imaging-guided photothermal/chemodynamic synergistic cancer therapy.

Activatable multifunctional nanoparticles present considerable advantages in cancer treatment by integrating both diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities into a single platform. These nanoparticles can be precisely engineered to selectively target cancer cells, thereby reducing the risk of damage to healthy tissues. Once localized at the target site, they can be activated by external stimuli such as light, pH changes, or specific enzymes, enabling precise control over the release of therapeutic agents or the initiation of therapeutic effects.

Characterization of Site-Specific N- and O-Glycopeptides from Recombinant Spike and ACE2 Glycoproteins Using LC-MS/MS Analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths globally. Although vaccination campaigns are mitigating the pandemic, emerging viral variants continue to pose challenges. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays a critical role in viral entry by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, making both proteins essential targets for therapeutic and vaccine development.

NEK2 Phosphorylates RhoGDI1 to Promote Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion Through the Activation of RhoA and Rac1 in Colon Cancer Cells.

Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 1 (RhoGDI1) plays a critical role in regulating the activity of Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). Phosphorylation of RhoGDI1 dynamically modulates the activation of Rho GTPases, influencing cell proliferation and migration. This study explored the involvement of Never In Mitosis A (NIMA)-related serine/threonine protein kinase 2 (NEK2) in phosphorylating RhoGDI1 and its implications in cancer cell behavior associated with tumor progression.

Urolithin A Protects Hepatocytes from Palmitic Acid-Induced ER Stress by Regulating Calcium Homeostasis in the MAM.

An ellagitannin-derived metabolite, Urolithin A (UA), has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial function-improving properties, but its efficacy in protecting against ER stress remains underexplored. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle involved in protein folding, lipid synthesis, and calcium regulation. Perturbations in these functions can lead to ER stress, which contributes to the development and progression of metabolic disorders such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).

Trichostatin A promotes de novo shoot regeneration from Arabidopsis root explants via a cytokinin related pathway.

De novo shoot regeneration, characterized by the emergence of adventitious shoots from excised or damaged tissues or organs in vitro, is regulated by the complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. However, the specific effect of histone deacetylation on shoot regeneration remains poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on shoot regeneration in callus derived from root explants.

Upregulation of the gluconeogenesis pathway was observed by KDH1, mitigating glucose catabolite repression.

Unlabelled: was engineered to mitigate carbon catabolite repression to efficient co-fermenting mixed sugars, which are primary components of cellulosic biomass. KDH1 produced ethanol with 0.42 ± 0.

Therapeutic potential of anti-ErbB3 chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells against breast cancer.

ErbB3 is markedly overexpressed in breast cancer cells and is associated with resistance and metastasis. Additionally, ErbB3 expression levels are positively correlated with low densities of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, a marker of poor prognosis. Consequently, ErbB3 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.

Role of the Notch signaling pathway in porcine oocyte maturation.

Background: Although the Notch signaling pathway is known to play an important role in ovarian follicle development in mammals, whether it is involved in oocyte maturation remains unclear. Therefore, this study was performed to elucidate the existence and role of the Notch signaling pathway during oocyte maturation in a porcine model.

Methods: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemical assays were used to determine the existence of Notch signaling pathway-related transcripts and proteins in porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs).

Seasonal effect of PM exposure in patients with COPD: a multicentre panel study.

: Exposure to particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM) is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but most studies lack individual PM measurements. Seasonal variation and their impact on clinical outcomes remain understudied.

MT-100, a human Tie2-agonistic antibody, improves penile neurovasculature in diabetic mice via the novel target Srpx2.

Diabetes is an incurable, chronic disease that can lead to many complications, including angiopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and erectile dysfunction (ED). The angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling pathway plays a critical role in blood vessel development, formation, remodeling, and peripheral nerve regeneration. Therefore, strategies for activating the Tie2 signaling pathway have been developed as potential therapies for neurovascular diseases.

Comprehensive genomic and phenotypic characterization of thermophilic bacterium Sinimarinibacterium thermocellulolyticum sp. nov. HSW-8, a cellulase-producing bacterium isolated from hot spring water in South Korea.

A thermophilic cellulase-producing bacterium, strain HSW-8, isolated from hot spring waters in South Korea, was subjected to a taxonomic analysis. Cells of strain HSW-8 were gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, with optimum growth at 45 °C, pH 7.0, in the presence of 0% (w/v) NaCl.

A low pathogenic avian influenza A/Mallard/South Korea/KNU2019-34/2019 (H1N1) virus has the potential to increase the mammalian pathogenicity.

Influenza, a highly contagious respiratory infectious disease caused by an influenza virus, is a threat to public health worldwide. Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have the potential to cause the next pandemic by crossing the species barrier through mutation of viral genome. Here, we investigated the pathogenicity of AIVs obtained from South Korea and Mongolia during 2018-2019 by measuring viral titers in the lungs and extrapulmonary organs of mouse models.

Integration of metabolomics and other omics: from microbes to microbiome.

Metabolomics is a cutting-edge omics technology that identifies metabolites in organisms and their environments and tracks their fluctuations. This field has been extensively utilized to elucidate previously unknown metabolic pathways and to identify the underlying causes of metabolic changes, given its direct association with phenotypic alterations. However, metabolomics inherently has limitations that can lead to false positives and false negatives.