The complete mitochondrial genome of Patagonian moray cod, Vaillant, 1888 (Gadiformes, Muraenolepididae).

The full-length mitochondrial genome of (Vaillant, 1888) was studied using PacBio platform and it is first report in a Muraenolepididae family. The circular form of mitochondria genome is 16,833 bp including 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA, and 22 tRNA. Start codon of 13 protein-coding genes was only ATG but three types of stop codons (TAA, T(AA), and TAG) were detected.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic marbled rockcod, (Perciformes, Nototheniidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of was obtained using PacBio Sequel long-read sequencing platform. The mitogenome of was circular form and 18,274 bp long, which consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 24 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and non-coding control region. Particularly, we found duplicated tRNA and tRNA in addition to the typical 22 tRNAs.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Gadiformes, Macrouridae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of was determined in this study by the Long-read Technology, such as PacBio Sequel System. The Long-read Technology, which can sequence continuously the whole vertebrate mitochondrial genome, allows more accurate genomes to be completed. The circular form of its mitochondrial genome was 16,714bp, which contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA, and 2 rRNA.

Reductive transformation of hexavalent chromium by ferrous ions in a frozen environment: Mechanism, kinetics, and environmental implications.

The transformation between hexavalent chromium (Cr) and trivalent chromium (Cr) has a significant impact on ecosystems, as Cr has higher levels of toxicity than Cr. In this regard, a variety of Cr reduction processes occurring in natural environments have been studied extensively. In this work, we investigate the reductive transformation of Cr by ferrous ions (Fe) in ice at -20 °C, and compare the same process in water at 25 °C.

Cr(VI) Formation via Oxyhalide-Induced Oxidative Dissolution of Chromium Oxide/Hydroxide in Aqueous and Frozen Solution.

The oxidative dissolution of Cr(III) species (CrO and Cr(OH)) by oxyhalide species, which produces hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), was studied in aqueous and frozen solution. The oxyhalide-induced oxidation of Cr(III) in frozen solution showed a different trend from that in aqueous solution. Cr(VI) production was higher in frozen than aqueous solution with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and bromate (BrO) but suppressed in frozen solution with hypobromous acid (HOBr) and periodate (IO).

Freezing-Induced Simultaneous Reduction of Chromate and Production of Molecular Iodine: Mechanism, Kinetics, and Practical Implications.

A new method for the concurrent treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewater and production of the useful I chemical was developed. The method is based on the redox reaction between Cr(VI) and I that occurs when an aqueous wastewater solution containing Cr(VI) and I is frozen, producing I and allowing for the effective removal of Cr. The redox reaction occurs primarily because of the accumulation of Cr(VI), I, and protons in the ice grain boundaries formed during freezing (i.

Evaluation of assembly methods combining long-reads and short-reads to obtain sp. R4 high-quality complete genome.

We sequenced the sp. R4 using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT), single molecule real-time (SMRT) technology from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio), and Illumina technologies to investigate the application of nanopore reads in de novo sequencing of bacterial genomes. We compared the differences in both genome sequences between genome assemblies using nanopore and PacBio reads and focused on the difference in the prediction of coding sequences.

Occurrence, distribution, and bioaccumulation of new and legacy persistent organic pollutants in an ecosystem on King George Island, maritime Antarctica.

The occurrence and bioaccumulation of new and legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), and Dechlorane Plus (DPs) and their related compounds (Dechloranes) in an ecosystem on King George Island, Antarctica are investigated. The new and legacy POPs were widely detected in the animal samples collected from Antarctica, which included Limpet, Antarctic cod, Amphipods, Antarctic icefish, Gentoo and Chinstrap penguins, Kelp gull, and South polar skua. The trophic magnification factors indicated that the levels of PCNs and HBCDs, as well as the legacy POPs, were magnified through the food web, whereas DPs might be diluted through the trophic levels contradicting the classification of Dechloranes as POPs.

Oxygen vacancy engineering of cerium oxide for the selective photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic pollutants.

The engineering of oxygen vacancies in CeO nanoparticles (NPs) allows the specific fine-tuning of their oxidation power, and this can be used to rationally control their activity and selectivity in the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of aromatic pollutants. In the current study, a facile strategy for generating exceptionally stable oxygen vacancies in CeO NPs through simple acid (CeO-A) or base (CeO-B) treatment was developed. The selective (or mild) PCO activities of CeO-A and CeO-B in the degradation of a variety of aromatic substrates in water were successfully demonstrated.

Anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extracts from the Antarctic lichen, Amandinea sp. in LPS-stimulated raw 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish.

The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of an extracts isolated from the lichen. Amandinea sp. was collected from the Antarctic and extracted with methanol.

Dual isotope ratio normalization of nitrous oxide by bacterial denitrification of USGS reference materials.

We measured the δ values of NO using gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry with a preconcentrator (precon-GC-IRMS). The instrumental precision of the mass spectrometer was restricted to below the shot noise limit, which agreed with the theoretical and experimental results of 0.02‰ (δN) and 0.

Biodiesel and flavor compound production using a novel promiscuous cold-adapted SGNH-type lipase (SGNH1) from the psychrophilic bacterium .

Background: Biodiesel and flavor compound production using enzymatic transesterification by microbial lipases provides mild reaction conditions and low energy cost compared to the chemical process. SGNH-type lipases are very effective catalysts for enzymatic transesterification due to their high reaction rate, great stability, relatively small size for convenient genetic manipulations, and ease of immobilization. Hence, it is highly important to identify novel SGNH-type lipases with high catalytic efficiencies and good stabilities.

Loci associated with variation in gene expression and growth in juvenile salmon are influenced by the presence of a growth hormone transgene.

Background: Growth regulation is a complex process influenced by genetic and environmental factors. We examined differences between growth hormone (GH) transgenic (T) and non-transgenic (NT) coho salmon to elucidate whether the same loci were involved in controlling body size and gene expression phenotypes, and to assess whether physiological transformations occurring from GH transgenesis were under the influence of alternative pathways. The following genomic techniques were used to explore differences between size classes within and between transgenotypes (T vs.

Temperature Dependency of Proton Pumping Activity for Marine Microbial Rhodopsin from Antartic Ocean.

Proteorhodopsin (PR) is discovered from marine bacteria and it has proton pumping activity from inside to outside of the cell using light energy. In general, PR classified into two groups by the maximum absorption spectra. In this study, we isolated the two of a full sequence of opsin homologues by PCR from the seawater sample near King George Island, Antarctica.

Chromosomal-level assembly of Takifugu obscurus (Abe, 1949) genome using third-generation DNA sequencing and Hi-C analysis.

The Tetraodontidae family are known to have relatively small and compact genomes compared to other vertebrates. The obscure puffer fish Takifugu obscurus is an anadromous species that migrates to freshwater from the sea for spawning. Thus the euryhaline characteristics of T.

Ny-Ålesund-oriented organic pollutants in sewage effluent and receiving seawater in the Arctic region of Kongsfjorden.

Ny-Ålesund, one of four permanent settlements on Spitsbergen in Svalbard, is a research town that includes scientific institutes from many countries. Because of daily-used chemicals (e.g.

Molecular Characterization of a Novel Cold-Active Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL) from .

Bacterial hormone-sensitive lipases (bHSLs), which are homologous to the catalytic domains of human HSLs, have received great interest due to their uses in the preparation of highly valuable biochemicals, such as drug intermediates or chiral building blocks. Here, a novel cold-active HSL from (HSL) was examined and its enzymatic properties were investigated using several biochemical and biophysical methods. Interestingly, HSL acted on a large variety of substrates including tertiary alcohol esters and fish oils.

Large loss of CO in winter observed across the northern permafrost region.

Recent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter, greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO). However, the amount of CO released in winter is highly uncertain and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or by empirically-based estimates. Here we synthesize regional observations of CO flux from arctic and boreal soils to assess current and future winter carbon losses from the northern permafrost domain.

Enhanced sensitivity of fluorescence-based Fe(ii) detection by freezing.

The first example of combining the fluorescent probe-based freeze concentration effect with N-oxide chemistry is reported for the highly sensitive and selective detection of ferrous ion (Fe(ii)). Interestingly, our preliminary results demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity of Fe(ii) was markedly enhanced upon freezing, and the location of Fe(ii) in the freezing state was visualized by confocal microscopy using a cryostage.

Sulfuric Acid Formation via HSO Oxidation by HO in the Atmosphere.

With the help of quantum mechanical methods, the formation of HSO by the oxidation of HSO with HO was studied theoretically. Both stepwise and concerted mechanisms were calculated. It was found that the direct oxidation of HSO by HO alone requires prohibitive activation energies of >38.

Type II Ice-Binding Proteins Isolated from an Arctic Microalga Are Similar to Adhesin-Like Proteins and Increase Freezing Tolerance in Transgenic Plants.

Microalgal ice-binding proteins (IBPs) in the polar region are poorly understood at the genome-wide level, although they are important for cold adaptation. Through the transcriptome study with the Arctic green alga Chloromonas sp. KNF0032, we identified six Chloromonas IBP genes (CmIBPs), homologous with the previously reported IBPs from Antarctic snow alga CCMP681 and Antarctic Chloromonas sp.

Seasonal differences in dissolved organic matter properties and sources in an Arctic fjord: Implications for future conditions.

The Arctic Ocean is undergoing drastic changes due to the effects of climate change. Arctic fjords are preferred systems to study these changes as they respond quickly to variations in ocean, land and atmosphere conditions. In this study, we investigated for the first time the seasonal variability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties and its origin in an Arctic fjord, which allows for an assessment of the future potential effects of climate change in this environment.

A novel enantioselective SGNH family esterase (NmSGNH1) from Neisseria meningitides: Characterization, mutational analysis, and ester synthesis.

In Neisseria sp., SGNH family esterases are involved in bacterial pathogenesis as well as cell wall peptidoglycan maturation. Here, a novel enantioselective SGNH family esterase (NmSGNH1) from Neisseria meningitidis, which has sequence similarity to carbohydrate esterase (CE3) family, was catalytically characterized and functionally explored.

The AMPK system of salmonid fishes was expanded through genome duplication and is regulated by growth and immune status in muscle.

5'adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of energy homeostasis in eukaryotes. This study identified expansions in the AMPK-α, -β and -γ families of salmonid fishes due to a history of genome duplication events, including five novel salmonid-specific AMPK subunit gene paralogue pairs. We tested the hypothesis that the expanded AMPK gene system of salmonids is transcriptionally regulated by growth and immunological status.

Characterization, immobilization, and mutagenesis of a novel cold-active acetylesterase (EaAcE) from Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7.

Cold-active enzymes with distinctive properties from a psychrophilic Exiguobacterium antarcticum B7 could be excellent biocatalysts in industrial and biotechnological processes. Here, the characterization, immobilization, and site-directed mutagenesis of a novel cold-active acetylesterase (EaAcE) from E. antarcticum B7 is reported.