Production of Molecular Iodine via a Redox Reaction between Iodate and Organic Compounds in Ice.

The abiotic mechanism of molecular iodine (I) production from iodate (IO) remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate the production of I in the presence of IO and organic compounds in ice. When the solution containing IO (100 μM) and furfuryl alcohol (100 μM) at pH 3.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Psyllidae).

Luo, Li, Ma & Cai, 2012 (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Psyllidae) is a pear psyllid species, distributed in the East Asia. The complete mitogenome of is obtained in this study for the first time. The mitogenome of is circular form and 14,798 bp long, which consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and two rRNAs.

Ice-templated synthesis of tungsten oxide nanosheets and their application in arsenite oxidation.

Tungsten oxide (WO) nanosheets were prepared as catalysts to activate hydrogen peroxide (HO) in arsenite (As(III)) oxidation. Ice particles were employed as templates to synthesize the WO nanosheets, enabling easy template removal via melting. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed that the obtained WO nanosheets were plate-like, with lateral sizes ranging from dozens of nanometers to hundreds of nanometers and thicknesses of <10 nm.

7β-22 Dihydroxyhopane, Isolated from the Sub-Antarctic Lichen, Inhibits the Viability and Stemness in Glioma Stem Like Cells.

Background: Glioma stem cells (GSCs) have been reported to contribute to tumor initiation and relapse, therapy resistance, and intra-tumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma multiforme. Therefore, inhibiting GSCs presents a critical therapeutic tactic to suppress the aggressiveness of tumors.

Methods: In this study, we examined the effects of 7β-22 dihydroxyhopane (AP 18), isolated from the sub-Antarctic lichen, .

Gene family expansions in Antarctic winged midge as a strategy for adaptation to cold environments.

Parochlus steinenii is the only flying insect native to Antarctica. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to cold environments, we conducted comparative genomic analyses of P. steinenii and closely related lineages.

Whole-Genome Survey and Microsatellite Marker Detection of Antarctic Crocodile Icefish, .

The crocodile icefish, , belonging to the family Channichthyidae, is an endemic species of the Southern Ocean. The study of its biological features and genetics is challenging as the fish inhabits the deep sea around Antarctic waters. The icefish, the sole cryopelagic species, shows unique physiological and genetic features, unlike other teleosts.

Genomic Survey and Microsatellite Marker Investigation of Patagonian Moray Cod ().

The Muraenolepididae family of fishes, known as eel cods, inhabits continental slopes and shelves in the Southern Hemisphere. This family belongs to the Gadiformes order, which constitutes one of the most important commercial fish resources worldwide, but the classification of the fish species in this order is ambiguous because it is only based on the morphological and habitat characteristics of the fishes. Here, the genome of Patagonian moray cod was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform, and screened for microsatellite motifs.

Import, export, and speciation of mercury in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard: Influences of glacier melt and river discharge.

The major sources and sinks of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in Kongsfjorden were estimated based on spreadsheet-based ecological risk assessment for the fate of mercury (SERAFM). SERAFM was parameterized and calibrated to fit Kongsfjorden using the physical properties of the fjord, runoff coefficients of Hg, transformation rate constants of Hg, partition coefficients of Hg, Hg loadings from freshwater, and solid balance parameters. The modeled Hg concentrations in the seawater matched with the measured concentrations, with a mean bias of 12% and a calibration error of 0.

Diel variations in chemical and isotopic compositions of a stream on King George Island, Antarctica: Implications for hydrologic pathways of meltwater.

Antarctica is highly susceptible to climate and environmental change. In particular, climate change can lead to the warming of permafrost and the development of active layers in permafrost areas, resulting in variations in hydrological characteristics. This study investigated the hydrological process associated with a stream in a snow-dominated headwater catchment on King George Island, maritime Antarctica, during austral summer using the chemical and isotopic compositions.

Constraining the effectiveness of inherent tracers of captured CO for tracing CO leakage: Demonstration in a controlled release site.

Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO) is an integral component of cost-effective greenhouse gas emissions reduction scenarios. However, a robust monitoring regime is necessary for public and regulatory assurance that any leakage from a storage site can be detected. Here, we present the results from a controlled CO release experiment undertaken at the K-COSEM test site (South Korea) with the aim of demonstrating the effectiveness of the inherent tracer fingerprints (noble gases, δC) in monitoring CO leakage.

Freeze-Thaw Cycle-Enhanced Transformation of Iodide to Organoiodine Compounds in the Presence of Natural Organic Matter and Fe(III).

The formation of organoiodine compounds (OICs) is of great interest in the natural iodine cycle as well as water treatment processes. Herein, we report a pathway of OIC formation that reactive iodine (RI) and OICs are produced from iodide oxidation in the presence of Fe(III) and natural organic matter (NOM) in frozen solution, whereas their production is insignificant in aqueous solution. Moreover, thawing the frozen solution induces the further production of OICs.

Frozen Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitrite Solution: The Acceleration of Benzoic Acid Oxidation via the Decreased pH in Ice.

We investigated benzoic acid oxidation via the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (HO) and nitrite (NO). The oxidation of benzoic acid by reactive nitrous acid (HONO) was negligible, and the reactivity of the HO/NO system decreased with a decrease in temperature under aqueous conditions. However, freezing markedly accelerated the chemical reaction.

Diazotrophic activity and denitrification in two long-term chronosequences of maritime Antarctica.

The main goals of this study were to identify whether key processes involved in microbial soil nitrogen transformations, such as diazotrophic activity and denitrification, the chemical properties of limiting elements in the soil, and microbial community structure, differ in the different successional stages of two long term chronosequences in maritime Antarctica. Moreover, we expect the rates of diazotrophic activity and denitrification to be stimulated by increases in air temperature and moisture. To answer these questions, we selected three stages in the succession (early, mid and late) in each of two well established chronosequences: three raised beaches in Ardley Island; and the Barton Peninsula, which includes two cosmogenically dated sites and the forefield of the Fourcade glacier.

A First Genome Survey and Genomic SSR Marker Analysis of Regan, 1913.

Regan, 1913, is an evolutionarily important marine fish species distributed in the Antarctic Ocean. However, its genome has not been studied to date. In the present study, whole genome sequencing was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to characterize its genome and develop genomic microsatellite markers.

Regional Differences in the Diets of Adélie and Emperor Penguins in the Ross Sea, Antarctica.

To identify the dietary composition and characteristics of both Adélie () and Emperor () penguins at four breeding sites, we performed stable carbon (δC) and nitrogen (δN) isotope analysis of down samples taken from penguin chicks. Adélie Penguin chicks at Cape Hallett mostly fed on Antarctic krill (; 65.5 ± 3.

Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Isoform Profile of Brine Shrimp by Transcriptome Analysis.

The brine shrimp has a ZW sex determination system with ZW chromosomes in females and ZZ chromosomes in males. has been considered a promising model organism for ZW sex-determining systems, but the genes involved in sex determination and differentiation of have not yet been identified. Here, we conducted transcriptome sequencing of female and male using PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-Seq techniques to identify candidate sex determination genes.

Genome of the Southern Giant Petrel Assembled Using Third-Generation DNA Sequencing and Linked Reads Reveals Evolutionary Traits of Southern Avian.

The southern giant petrel , a large seabird of the southern oceans, is one of only two members of the genus and is the largest species in the order Procellariiformes. Although these two families account for the vast majority of the avian fauna inhabiting the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions, studies on the status of some populations and the associated genetic data are currently extremely limited. In this study, we assembled the genome of by integrating Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time sequencing and the Chromium system developed by 10x Genomics.

Genome survey and microsatellite motif identification of Pogonophryne albipinna.

The genus Pogonophryne is a speciose group that includes 28 species inhabiting the coastal or deep waters of the Antarctic Southern Ocean. The genus has been divided into five species groups, among which the P. albipinna group is the most deep-living group and is characterized by a lack of spots on the top of the head.

Contrasting early successional dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities in recently deglaciated soils of the maritime Antarctic.

Although microorganisms are the very first colonizers of recently deglaciated soils even prior to plant colonization, the drivers and patterns of microbial community succession at early-successional stages remain poorly understood. The successional dynamics and assembly processes of bacterial and fungal communities were compared on a glacier foreland in the maritime Antarctic across the ~10-year soil-age gradient from bare soil to sparsely vegetated area. Bacterial communities shifted more rapidly than fungal communities in response to glacial retreat; species turnover (primarily the transition from glacier- to soil-favouring taxa) contributed greatly to bacterial beta diversity, but this pattern was less clear in fungi.

Activation of peroxymonosulfate by bicarbonate and acceleration of the reaction by freezing.

This study demonstrates the positive effects of dissolved bicarbonate and carbonate anions on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) induced oxidation and the remarkable acceleration of the reaction by freezing. More than 90% of the initial 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) decomposed in the frozen case, whereas only less than 20% of the 4-CP was removed in the aqueous case in the same time period. This accelerated reaction is attributed to the freeze-concentration of the dissolved substrates (i.

Accelerated chromate reduction by tea waste: Comparison of chromate reduction properties between water and ice systems.

The concentration of chromium (Cr) in natural water and soil environments has gradually increased in recent decades, owing to intensive use of Cr in industry and its subsequent disposal. In this study, we performed a comparison study on chromate (Cr) reduction by tea waste (green tea, black tea, red tea, and chamomile) in water (25 C) and ice (-20 C) to develop a new strategy for environmental-friendly stabilization of hazardous Cr by freezing. This study shows that the freezing process can enhance the reduction of Cr by tea waste.

Subsea permafrost as a potential major source of dissolved organic matter to the East Siberian Arctic Shelf.

Arctic subsea permafrost contains more organic carbon than the terrestrial counterpart (~1400 Pg C vs. ~1000 Pg C) and is undergoing fast degradation (at rates of ~10 to 30 cm yr over the past 3 decades) in response to climate warming. Yet the flux of organic carbon sequestered in the sediments of subsea permafrost to overlying water column, which can trigger enormous positive carbon-climate feedbacks, remain unclear.

Whole genome survey and microsatellite motif identification of Artemia franciscana.

Artemia is an industrially important genus used in aquaculture as a nutritious diet for fish and as an aquatic model organism for toxicity tests. However, despite the significance of Artemia, genomic research remains incomplete and knowledge on its genomic characteristics is insufficient. In particular, Artemia franciscana of North America has been widely used in fisheries of other continents, resulting in invasion of native species.

The ultrastructure of resurrection: Post-diapause development in an Antarctic freshwater copepod.

The copepod, Boeckella poppei, is broadly distributed in Antarctic and subantarctic maritime lakes threatened by climate change and anthropogenic chemicals. Unfortunately, comparatively little is known about freshwater zooplankton in lakes influenced by the Southern Ocean. In order to predict the impact of climate change and chemicals on freshwater species like B.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Eaton's skate, (Rajiformes, Arhynchobatidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Eaton's skate was studied using the long-read technology, PacBio Sequel System. The complete mitochondrial genome form of was 16,698 bp and it's comprised of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA and 2 rRNA. The base composition of is analyzed 31.