Cross-cultural validation of plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 as precision biomarkers for amyloid PET positivity: An East Asian study in Taiwan and Korea.

Introduction: Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers have improved Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, but data from diverse Asian populations are limited. This study evaluated plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 levels in Korean and Taiwanese populations.

Methods: All participants (n = 270) underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and blood tests.

Neuromodulatory effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on cue reactivity and craving in young adults with internet gaming disorder: an event-related potential study.

Objective: This study assessed the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cue reactivity and craving for game-related cues using event-related potentials (ERPs) in internet gaming disorder (IGD) patients.

Methods: At baseline, a series of game-related and neutral pictures were shown to both IGD and healthy controls (HCs) while ERPs were recorded. Late positive potentials (LPP) were used to investigate cue reactivity.

Risk of all-cause mortality by various cigarette smoking indices: A longitudinal study using the Korea National Health Examination Baseline Cohort in South Korea.

Introduction: Smoking behaviors can be quantified using various indices. Previous studies have shown that these indices measure and predict health risks differently. Additionally, the choice of measure differs depending on the health outcome of interest.

Global and Indian Scenarios of Fatal and Non-fatal Occupational Injuries: A Secondary Data Analysis.

Introduction: Fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries are one of the most important public health problems all over the world. Its number greatly varies from country to country over the years. Worldwide approximately 4% of global gross domestic product (GDP) is lost due to occupational injuries.

Second-line treatment patterns and outcomes in advanced HCC after progression on atezolizumab/bevacizumab.

Background & Aims: Atezolizumab/bevacizumab (A/B) is now a standard first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the optimal second-line regimen is not known. We evaluated real-world treatment patterns and outcomes to investigate factors associated with post-progression survival (PPS).

Methods: In this multicenter, international, retrospective study, we examined clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with advanced HCC who progressed on first-line A/B.

Efficacy of an Autologous Dermal Fibroblast Injection in Reducing the Retear Rate After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Interest in biological augmentation for improving bone-tendon interface (BTI) healing after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) is growing. Dermal fibroblasts, known for collagen synthesis similar to tenocytes, have shown effectiveness in BTI healing in chronic rotator cuff tear (RCT) models in rabbits. However, no human clinical trials have been conducted.

Cell-specific transcriptional signatures of vascular cells in Alzheimer's disease: perspectives, pathways, and therapeutic directions.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is marked by profound neurovascular dysfunction and significant cell-specific alterations in the brain vasculature. Recent advances in high throughput single-cell transcriptomics technology have enabled the study of the human brain vasculature at an unprecedented depth. Additionally, the understudied niche of cerebrovascular cells, such as endothelial and mural cells, and their subtypes have been scrutinized for understanding cellular and transcriptional heterogeneity in AD.

Enhancing quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) with advanced artificial intelligence: comparison with manual QCA and visual estimation.

Artificial intelligence-based quantitative coronary angiography (AI-QCA) was introduced to address manual QCA's limitations in reproducibility and correction process. The present study aimed to assess the performance of an updated AI-QCA solution (MPXA-2000) in lesion detection and quantification using manual QCA as the reference standard, and to demonstrate its superiority over visual estimation. This multi-center retrospective study analyzed 1,076 coronary angiography images obtained from 420 patients, comparing AI-QCA and visual estimation against manual QCA as the reference standard.

Proton response and neutron spectrum unfolding by solution-grown trans-stilbene scintillator.

This paper reports the proton response function for solution-grown trans-stilbene scintillator from 1 to 25 MeVee and its application for unfolding neutron spectra of Cf-252 and AmBe sources. Low energy proton response was measured by the Time-of-Flight technique at the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science. In contrast, high energy response was investigated using a 45 MeV proton beam at the Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences.

The effect of sarpogrelate compared to aspirin in high- or very-high-risk diabetes for primary prevention.

The benefit of aspirin in primary prevention for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) is questionable due to bleeding complications. We analyzed the Korean National Health Insurance data to compare the efficacy and overall bleeding of sarpogrelate, an antiplatelet agent with lower bleeding risk, versus aspirin in high-/very-high-risk diabetic populations without prior ASCVD. The primary endpoint was net adverse clinical events (NACE), defined as a composite of efficacy and overall bleeding.

Discovery of two novel Flavobacterium species with potential for complex polysaccharide degradation.

Polysaccharides are recognized for their extensive biological functions, holding significant promise for applications in both medicine and food industries. However, their utilization is frequently constrained by challenges such as high molecular weights and indistinct sugar chain structures. Recently, two novel bacterial strains, N6 and J3, were isolated from the Nakdong River in Korea.

Risk of second primary malignancies among survivors of cutaneous melanoma: A nationwide population-based study in the Republic of Korea.

There is limited data on the risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs) in Asian melanoma survivors. This study aimed to identify the risk of SPMs in Asian melanoma survivors. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for overall and specific SPMs.

Soliton solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional Jaulent-Miodek evolution equation via effective analytical techniques.

In this study, we investigate the [Formula: see text]-D Jaulent-Miodek (JM) equation, which is significant due to its energy-based Schrödinger potential and applications in fields such as optics, soliton theory, signal processing, geophysics, fluid dynamics, and plasma physics. Given its broad utility, a rigorous mathematical analysis of the JM equation is essential. The primary objective of this work is to derive exact soliton solutions using the Modified Sub-Equation (MSE) and Modified Auxiliary Equation (MAE) techniques.

Activation of lysophagy by a TBK1-SCF-TMEM192-TAX1BP1 axis in response to lysosomal damage.

Lysophagy eliminates damaged lysosomes and is crucial to cellular homeostasis; however, its underlying mechanisms are not entirely understood. We screen a ubiquitination-related compound library and determine that the substrate recognition component of the SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, SCF(FBXO3), which is a critical lysophagy regulator. Inhibition of FBXO3 reduces lysophagy and lysophagic flux in response to L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (LLOMe).

Single-cell transcriptomics of bronchoalveolar lavage during PRRSV infection with different virulence.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry due to its high genetic diversity and different virulence levels, which complicate disease management and vaccine development. This study evaluated longitudinal changes in the immune cell composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the clinical outcomes across PRRSV strains with varying virulence, using techniques including single-cell transcriptomics. In highly virulent infection, faster viral replication results in an earlier peak lung-damage time point, marked by significant interstitial pneumonia, a significant decrease in macrophages, and an influx of lymphocytes.

Receptor-ligand interactions for optimized endocytosis in targeted therapies.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis plays a crucial role in the success of numerous therapies and remains central to advancing drug development. This process begins with ligand binding to specific receptors, triggering the internalization and intracellular trafficking of receptor-ligand complexes. These complexes are subsequently directed into distinct routes, either toward lysosomal degradation or recycling to the cell surface, with implications for therapeutic outcomes.

Mangiferin Protects Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against DNA Damage and Cellular Aging via SIRT1 Activation.

The protective effects of mangiferin (MAG) against etoposide- and high glucose (HG)-induced DNA damage and aging were investigated in human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Etoposide, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, was used to induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) in hBM-MSCs, resulting in increased genotoxicity, elevated levels of the DNA damage sensor ATM and CDKN1A, and decreased levels of the aging markers H3 and H4. MAG activated AMPK and SIRT1, thus protecting against DSB-induced damage.

The potential of lazertinib and amivantamab combination therapy as a treatment strategy for uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC.

Uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pose therapeutic challenge due to limited response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This study presents preclinical evidence and mechanistic insights into the combination of lazertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI; and amivantamab, an EGFR-MET bispecific antibody, for treating NSCLC with uncommon EGFR mutations. The lazertinib-amivantamab combination demonstrates significant antitumor activity in patient-derived models with uncommon EGFR mutations either before treatment or after progressing on EGFR-TKIs.

Norharmane prevents muscle aging via activation of SKN-1/NRF2 stress response pathways.

Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and function, is a significant contributor to increased frailty and mortality in the elderly. Currently, no FDA-approved treatment exists for sarcopenia. Here, we identified norharmane (NR), a β-carboline alkaloid, as a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating muscle aging.

Psychiatric disorders in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors in Korea.

Background: Although adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors have an increased risk of psychiatric disorders, limited evidence has been suggested. We aimed to determine the risk of psychiatric disorders among AYA cancer survivors.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study based on the Korea National Health Insurance Service database was carried out.

Spatiotemporal distribution of marine aerosols and gaseous species over the North Pacific Ocean.

Observational studies of marine aerosols are essential for understanding the global aerosol budget and its environmental impacts. This study presents simultaneous in-situ measurements of major ionic components (Cl, NO, SO, NH, K, Ca, Na, and Mg) in aerosols and gaseous species (HCl, HNO, HONO, SO, and NH) over the North Pacific Ocean from July 4 to 15 and September 19 to October 3, 2022. Using high temporal resolution instruments aboard the Republic of Korea's icebreaker research vessel Araon, this study aimed to (1) report the spatial and temporal distributions of aerosols and gaseous species, (2) estimate the source contributions of continental anthropogenic pollutants, and (3) assess the influence of aerosol chemical composition and gaseous species on aerosol acidity and water content.

Electrolyte reactivity on electrode surfaces for active species formation and Reactive Red X-3B degradation in electrochemical treatment of dyeing wastewater.

The pivotal role of electrolytes such as NaSO and NaCl in electrochemical treatment of dyeing wastewater was investigated by comparing recalcitrant Reactive Red X-3B (RRX-3B) degradation rates, active species formation and intermediates generation in a double-chamber cell. It was found that similar reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed in the anodic chamber are OH and O, in the cathodic chamber is O with different electrolytes, while this is not the case for ROS contribution, RRX-3B degradation kinetic and intermediates. NaCl favored the generation of O, faster decolorization (-N=N- cleavage), and organic intermediates degradation in the anodic chamber.

A Comprehensive Understanding of Tea Metabolome: From Tea Plants to Processed Teas.

Tea () is one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages in the world, second only to water. Six main types of teas are produced globally: green, white, black, oolong, yellow, and Pu-erh. Each type has a distinctive taste, quality, and cultural significance.

Web Visualization for Spatiotemporal Genomic Epidemiology, Annotation, and Mutation Dynamics of Orthohantavirus hantanense Using Nextstrain.

The phylogeographic inference approach aims to connect genomic data with epidemiology to understand the spread and evolution of pathogens using visualization of spatiotemporal reconstructions. Orthohantavirus hantanense (HTNV), the causative agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), represents a significant global public health concern. Here, we introduce a localized Nextstrain platform for HTNV, offering a comprehensive resource for facilitating spatiotemporal genomic surveillance and the study of evolutionary dynamics of viral genomes.