The dynamics of initiation in caregiver-child conversational interactions.

We investigated the dynamics of communicative initiation in infant-caregiver interactions across ages and language abilities. Analyses of 228 Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) recordings from 141 Korean adult-child dyads (60 girls; aged 7-30 months) replicated the initiator effect reported in North American populations. This effect, demonstrated by longer utterances, more frequent speech, and shorter response times in self-initiated interactions for both children and adults, suggests potential cross-cultural consistency in this conversational dynamic and remained consistent across ages in most conversational measures.

Comparison of osseointegration in commercial SLA-treated dental implants with different surface roughness: a pilot study in beagle dogs.

Purpose: This pilot study investigated the effect of surface roughness on osseointegration by comparing two types of commercial SLA-treated dental implants with different surface roughness levels: moderately rough (S = 1 - 2 µm) and rough surfaces (S > 2 µm).

Materials And Methods: Two implant groups were studied: TS (rough surface) and ADD (moderately rough surface) groups. Surface characteristics were analyzed using optical profilometry and SEM.

Effect of scan path on accuracy of complete arch intraoral scan.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of an alternative scan path with that of traditional scan paths to obtain a more accurate method for complete arch scans.

Materials And Methods: A mandibular stone cast, including tooth preparations for the inlay, crown, and fixed prosthesis, was scanned 10 times using four different scan paths (A, B, C, and D). The scans were converted into stereolithography files, resized, and superimposed onto a control file obtained from a desktop scanner.

Respiratory Protective Effects of Perilla Leave Varieties () Against Fine Particulate Matter (PM)-induced Damage in Human Nasal Cells.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is known to exacerbate chronic respiratory disorders, primarily by inducing inflammatory responses and mucus overproduction. Perilla leaves are reported to have significant health benefits, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiallergic properties, attributed to phenolic compounds that vary depending on genetic diversity.

Sea Hare Hydrolysate Reduces PD-L1 Levels in Cancer Cells and Mitigates Rheumatoid Arthritis Ina Collagen-Induced Arthritis Mouse Model.

Our previous study highlighted the anticancer potential of sea hare hydrolysate (SHH), particularly its role in regulating macrophage polarization and inducing pyroptotic death in lung cancer cells through the inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). These findings prompted us to investigate additional features of immune-oncology (I-O) agents or adjuvants, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibition and their association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk, to explore the potential of SHH as an I-O agent or adjuvant. In this study, we investigated the effects of SHH on PD-L1 levels in various cancer cell types and assessed its effectiveness in treating RA, a common side effect of I-O agents.

Unlocking the Potential: How Flavonoids Affect Angiogenesis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Proliferation, Invasion, and Alter Receptor Interactions in Endometriosis.

Endometriosis, though not classified as a carcinogenic condition, shares features such as oxidative stress, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation with tumor cells. This study aims to review the effects of flavonoids on these processes and their molecular mechanisms in preventing and treating endometriosis. A comprehensive review was conducted, involving a literature search in online databases using keywords like "endometriosis," "endometrioma," and "flavonoid.

Novel Transfer Learning Approach for Detecting Infected and Healthy Maize Crop Using Leaf Images.

Maize is a staple crop worldwide, essential for food security, livestock feed, and industrial uses. Its health directly impacts agricultural productivity and economic stability. Effective detection of maize crop health is crucial for preventing disease spread and ensuring high yields.

Mechanism of Action and Beneficial Effects of Probiotics in Amateur and Professional Athletes.

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, provide health benefits to the host. According to the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), probiotic supplementation can optimize the health, performance, and recovery of athletes at all stages of their careers. Recent research suggests that probiotics can improve immune system functions, reduce gastrointestinal distress, and increase gut permeability in athletes.

Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology Position Statement on the Use of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in the Management of Aortic Stenosis.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been established as an effective treatment modality in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and the uptake of TAVI is rapidly growing in the Asia-Pacific region. However, there exist a heterogeneity in the management of aortic stenosis and the use of TAVI among countries in the region. Reasons for these differences include anatomic variations, disparity in healthcare resources and infrastructure, and the lack of consensus on the optimal management of AS in the Asia-Pacific region.

A human skin-on-a-chip platform for microneedling-driven skin cancer treatment.

Skin-on-a-chip models provide physiologically relevant platforms for studying diseases and drug evaluation, replicating the native skin structures and functions more accurately than traditional 2D or simple 3D cultures. However, challenges remain in creating models suitable for microneedling applications and monitoring, as well as developing skin cancer models for analysis and targeted therapy. Here, we developed a human skin/skin cancer-on-a-chip platform within a microfluidic device using bioprinting/bioengineering techniques.

Molecular epidemiology, evolution, and transmission dynamics of raccoon rabies virus in Connecticut.

In North America, raccoon rabies virus (RRV) is a public health concern due to its potential for rapid spread, maintenance in wildlife, and impact on human and domesticated animal health. RRV is an endemic zoonotic pathogen throughout the eastern USA. In 1991, an outbreak of RRV in Fairfield County, Connecticut, spread through the state and eventually throughout the Northeast and into Canada.

Apoptotic cell death of stomach cancer lines (AGS) induced by Co-NTB complex through cellular organelles and DNA damage.

Given that stomach cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death, there is a need to develop new drugs. Among various methods, metal-based coordination compounds are considered as an efficient strategy against this type of cancer. Similarly, the benzimidazole moiety plays a crucial role in biology; thus, various benzimidazole-based compounds have been found to be active as potential anticancer drugs and are currently used in clinical trials.

Combination Treatment with Thread-Embedding Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture for Knee Osteoarthritis Patients with Postoperative Pain: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combination treatment with thread-embedding acupuncture (TEA) and electroacupuncture (EA) in patients with persistent knee pain after arthroscopic surgery, autologous chondrocyte implantation, or autologous osteochondral transplantation.

Patients And Methods: Twelve patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) who experienced postoperative pain were randomized to either the treatment group (TG) or control group (CG) in a 1:1 ratio. The TG received TEA once a week for four sessions and EA twice a week for eight sessions while continuing usual care, defined as standard conventional treatments.

Global, regional, and national trends in drug use disorder mortality rates across 73 countries from 1990 to 2021, with projections up to 2040: a global time-series analysis and modelling study.

Background: Drug use disorder (DUD) poses a major public health crisis globally, necessitating immediate attention to global trends and future projections to develop effective health policies and interventions. Thus, we aimed to estimate the global trends in DUD mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 and future projections of DUD deaths until 2040 across 73 countries.

Methods: In this time-series analysis and modelling study, we investigated the global trends in DUD mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 using the WHO Mortality Database and forecasted future trends through 2040.

Maternal and neonatal complications of pregnant women with bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Confidence in pregnancy outcome data for women with bipolar disorder is compromised by small cohort sizes. However, comprehensive national data have been published over the last decade, but no quantitative synthesis has been established to determine the factors associated with complications in these women. Our goal is to summarise the evidence of population-based data on obstetric complications and neonatal outcomes in women with bipolar disorder compared to women without bipolar disorder.

Activity-Stability Relationships in Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical process in various sustainable energy technologies. Despite substantial progress in catalyst development, the practical application of OER catalysts remains hindered by the ongoing challenge of balancing high catalytic activity with long-term stability. We explore the inverse trends often observed between activity and stability, drawing on key insights from both experimental and theoretical studies.

Exploring the various functions of PHD finger protein 20: beyond the unknown.

Over the last decade, the functions of PHD finger protein 20 (PHF20) in several signaling processes have been studied, including those of protein kinase B (PKB)-mediated phosphorylation, p53 regulation, muscle differentiation, and histone modification including histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation. One PHF20 human mutation lacks the first nonspecific lethal complex of the component that binds to H3K4me2 to facilitate cancer cell survival. In carcinoma cells, PHF20 expression is regulated by PKB; PHF20 becomes phosphorylated when DNA is damaged, thus inhibiting the p53 activity that maintains cancer cell survival.

Enhancement of renal fibrosis in PHF20 transgenic mice.

Plant homeodomain finger protein 20 (PHF20) plays a crucial role in various biological processes, but its involvement in renal fibrosis remains unclear. This study investigated the role of PHF20 in renal fibrosis using a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model, a widely accepted model for chronic kidney disease. PHF20 transgenic (PHF20-TG) and wild-type (WT) mice were utilized to explore how PHF20 influences renal inflammation and fibrosis.

Rocaglamide-A mitigates LPS-induced hepatic inflammation by modulating JNK/AP-1 signaling cascade and ROS production in hepatocytes.

Unlabelled: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a gut-derived endotoxin, is a recognized risk factor for both Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Rocaglamide-A (Roc-A), a natural compound derived from the genus Aglaia, is known for its pharmacological and immunosuppressive effects on various cell types. Although our recent investigations have unveiled Roc-A's anti-adipogenic role in adipocytes, its mechanism in hepatic inflammation remains elusive.

Adsorption of phenol and methylene blue contaminants onto high-performance catalytic activated carbon from biomass residues.

Organic contaminants from wastewater toxicity to the environment has increased during the last few decades and, therefore, there is an urgent need to decontaminate wastewater prior to disposal. This study aimed to create a high surface area catalytic activated carbon (AC) under same carbonization conditions for phenol and methylene blue (organic wastewater) decontamination. husk (MH), sesame husk (SH), and baobab husk (BH) were used to prepare activated carbon for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and phenol (Ph).

Cardiotoxicity evaluation of two-drug fixed-dose combination therapy under CiPA: a computational study.

The Comprehensive Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) evaluates drug-induced torsade de pointes (TdP) risk, with qNet commonly used to classify drugs into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories. While most studies focus on single-drug effects, 2-drug fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapy is widely used for cardiovascular disease management. We aimed to develop the CiPA-based methodology to predict adverse effects of FDC therapy.

Research on unintroduced new drugs in South Korea from 2011 to 2020: approaches to prioritization and strategy.

In recent years, with the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the world have realized that improving patient access to new medicines can have a significant impact on public health and economic stability. The aim of this study was to identify new drugs that are urgently needed among those not yet available in South Korea from 2011 to 2020, and to develop strategies to improve access by analyzing the causes of delay. Through a 3-step screening process that included a literature review of new drugs, surveys of domestic clinicians and academics, and consideration of expedited review status by regulatory authorities, 34 out of 244 unreleased new drugs were prioritized for rapid introduction.

Activation of Immune Responses Through the RIG-I Pathway Using TRITC-Dextran Encapsulated Nanoparticles.

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are highly conserved motifs originating from microorganisms that act as ligands for pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are crucial for defense against pathogens. Thus, PAMP-mimicking vaccines may induce potent immune activation and provide broad-spectrum protection against microbes. Dextran encapsulation can regulate the surface characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) and induces their surface modification.

Simultaneous Epigenetic and Gene Expression Profiling at Single Cell Resolution Uncovers Stem-Like Treg Subsets Induced With Oligonucleotide Expansion in Humans.

Tregs play a central role in maintaining immune tolerance. Recent progress in the clinical application of Tregs underscores their potential for cell therapy. Nevertheless, a notable hurdle remains in producing functional Tregs .