Impacts of irrigation expansion on moist-heat stress based on IRRMIP results.

Irrigation rapidly expanded during the 20 century, affecting climate via water, energy, and biogeochemical changes. Previous assessments of these effects predominantly relied on a single Earth System Model, and therefore suffered from structural model uncertainties. Here we quantify the impacts of historical irrigation expansion on climate by analysing simulation results from six Earth system models participating in the Irrigation Model Intercomparison Project (IRRMIP).

Multi-modal learning-based algae phyla identification using image and particle modalities.

Algal blooms in freshwater, which are exacerbated by urbanization and climate change, pose significant challenges in the water treatment process. These blooms affect water quality and treatment efficiency. Effective identification of algal proliferation based on the dominant species is important to ensure safe drinking water and a clean water supply.

Combined Impact of Canada Goldenrod Invasion and Soil Microplastic Contamination on Seed Germination and Root Development of Wheat: Evaluating the Legacy of Toxicity.

The concurrent environmental challenges of invasive species and soil microplastic contamination increasingly affect agricultural ecosystems, yet their combined effects remain underexplored. This study investigates the interactive impact of the legacy effects of Canada goldenrod ( L.) invasion and soil microplastic contamination on wheat ( L.

Image-Driven Hybrid Structural Analysis Based on Continuum Point Cloud Method with Boundary Capturing Technique.

Conventional approaches for the structural health monitoring of infrastructures often rely on physical sensors or targets attached to structural members, which require considerable preparation, maintenance, and operational effort, including continuous on-site adjustments. This paper presents an image-driven hybrid structural analysis technique that combines digital image processing (DIP) and regression analysis with a continuum point cloud method (CPCM) built on a particle-based strong formulation. Polynomial regressions capture the boundary shape change due to the structural loading and precisely identify the edge and corner coordinates of the deformed structure.

Silver single atoms and nanoparticles on floatable monolithic photocatalysts for synergistic solar water disinfection.

Photocatalytic water disinfection technology is highly promising in off-grid areas due to abundant year-round solar irradiance. However, the practical use of powdered photocatalysts is impeded by limited recovery and inefficient inactivation of stress-resistant bacteria in oligotrophic surface water. Here we prepare a floatable monolithic photocatalyst with ZIF-8-NH loaded Ag single atoms and nanoparticles (Ag/ZIF).

Efficacy of bentonite/iron-coated sand as a sediment stabilizer in controlling cadmium, lead, zinc, and arsenic release determined using the diffusive gradients in thin film technology.

In this study, we investigated the efficiency of a bentonite/iron-coated sand (B/ICS) stabilizer in reducing the mobility and accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, and As) in contaminated sediments. Bentonite is effective in the adsorption of heavy metals, while ICS is effective in the adsorption of As. When combined, the stabilizer can be applied to mixed-contaminated sediments containing both heavy metals and As.

Composition of soil fungal communities and microbial activity along an elevational gradient in Mt. Jiri, Republic of Korea.

Approximately 64% of the Republic of Korea comprises mountainous areas, which as cold and high-altitude regions are gravely affected by climate change. Within the mountainous and the alpine-subalpine ecosystems, microbial communities play a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycling and partly regulate climate change through such cycles. We investigated the composition and function of microbial communities, with a focus on fungal communities, in Republic of Korea's second tallest mountain, Mt.

Terrestrial nanoparticles and geospatial optics: Implications for environmental impact from anthropogenic contaminants in the Caribbean region.

Atmospheric contaminants from natural processes and anthropogenic activities pose a major problem to the environment. Here we analyze the dynamics of atmospheric and terrestrial contaminant concentrations in sediments containing chemical elements, such as nanoparticles (NPs) and ultrafine particles in hydrological sources of the Caribbean region of Colombia. Terrestrial sediments were collected from 2022 to 2024, and quantified for major chemical elements in the form of NPs and ultrafine particles in runoff receiving areas along the banks of Colombia's Ciénaga Grande in Santa Marta Bay, on the Isla de Salamanca.

Graph-based deep learning for predictions on changes in microbiomes and biogas production in anaerobic digestion systems.

Anaerobic digestion (AD), which relies on a complex microbial consortium for efficient biogas generation, is a promising avenue for renewable energy production and organic waste treatment. However, understanding and optimising AD processes are challenging because of the intricate interactions within microbial communities and the impact of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) on biogas production. To address these challenges, this study proposes the application of graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to comprehensively model AD processes.

Investigating macro marine litter and beach cleanliness along Southern Vietnam beaches.

Plastic contamination is a major issue for marine ecosystems, with macro-litter posing a growing threat globally. This study assesses macro-marine litter on Vung Tau beaches, Southern Vietnam, providing baseline data for marine litter pollution and identifying critical action plans for plastic control. Survey results showed litter density ranging from 0.

Probing the Active Nitrogen Species in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanozymes for Enhanced Oxidase-Like Activity.

Nitrogen doping emerges as a potent approach to enhance the oxidase-like activity of carbon nanozymes. However, the unclear knowledge of the active nitrogen species within nitrogen-doped carbon nanozymes hinders the advancement of high-performance carbon nanozymes. Herein, a group of nitrogen-doped carbon (N/C) nanozymes with controllable nitrogen dopants are successfully synthesized via a dicyandiamide-assisted pyrolysis method.

Merged Red and NIR Light Sources for Photobiomodulation Therapy in Diabetic Wound Healing.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is considered an effective and safe therapeutic modality in supporting the treatment of complications from a global pandemic-diabetes. In this study, PBM therapy is investigated to accelerate wound healing in diabetic mice (DM), under the combined biological effects of red light from a red organic light-emitting diode (ROLED) and near-infrared (NIR) light from an NIR conversion film (NCF) with dispersed CuInS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The QD concentration and the NCF structure were optimized to maximize the optical properties and mechanical stability.

Isotopic fractionation of gaseous mercury in a large industrial city: Spatio-temporal variations and source apportionment.

The source-receptor relationship of atmospheric mercury is a critical environmental concern. However, comprehensive evaluations of mercury pollution based on spatially resolved and time-averaged data have not yet been conducted in Korea. In this study, the spatio-temporal variations of total gaseous mercury (TGM) and mercury isotopes were examined using passive air samplers at 30 sites in Ulsan over one year.

Environmental controls on the conversion of nutrients to chlorophyll in lakes.

Anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus to lakes have increased worldwide, causing phytoplankton chlorophyll concentrations to increase at many sites, with negative implications for biodiversity and human usage of lake resources. However, the conversion of nutrients to chlorophyll varies among lakes, hindering effective management actions to improve water quality. Here, using a rich global dataset, we explore how the relationship between chlorophyll-a (Chla) and nitrogen and phosphorus and inferred nutrient limitation is modified by climate, catchment, hydrology and lake characteristics.

Surface Composition Impacts Selectivity of ZnTe Photocathodes in Photoelectrochemical CO Reduction Reaction.

Light-driven reduction of CO into chemicals using a photoelectrochemical (PEC) approach is considered as a promising way to meet the carbon neutral target. The very top surface of the photoelectrode and semiconductor/electrolyte interface plays a pivotal role in defining the performance for PEC CO reduction. However, such impact remains poorly understood.

High performance ozone nanobubbles based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for degradation of organic pollutants under high pollutant loading.

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have proven to be an effective solution for chemical wastewater treatment, particularly for degradation of organic pollutants, especially dyes. Ozonation is recognized as one of the most prevalent AOPs. Nevertheless, some cases show a lowered efficiency of O utilization which is attributed to its inadequate distribution in the treated water causing low residence time, low mass transfer coefficient as well as shorter half-life.

Utilization of refuse-derived fuel in industrial applications: Insights from Uttar Pradesh, India.

Urbanization and population growth in India have quickened, leading to an annual generation of around 62 million tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW). Improper management of organic waste presents a major environmental problem due to air and water pollution, soil contamination and greenhouse gas production. This research aims to develop refuse-derived fuel (RDF) as a viable option, converting waste into a high-calorific energy carrier for industrial use.

Investigation of airborne contaminant transmissions using network models: COVID-19 outbreak and potential risk in senior care facilities.

Many COVID-19 outbreaks occurred in senior care facilities during the last three years. Senior care facilities are nursing places for the long-term treatment and care of senior citizens, who are prone to be exposed to an infectious disease that spreads into these buildings. Therefore, this study investigated airborne contaminant transmissions based on outbreak cases in senior care facilities in Korea and analyzed the potential impact of architectural features in a selected senior care facility using network simulations.

Mechanism, Performance, and Application of g-CN-Coupled TiO as an S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst for the Abatement of Gaseous Benzene.

In this research, S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts are prepared through the hybridization of nitrogen-rich g-CN with TiO (coded as TCN-(): as the weight ratio of TiO:g-CN). The photocatalytic potential of TCN-() is evaluated against benzene (1-5 ppm) across varying humidity levels using a dynamic flow packed-bed photocatalytic reactor. Among the prepared composites, TCN-(10) exhibits the highest synergy between g-CN and TiO at "" ratio of 10%, showing superior best benzene degradation performance (e.

Exploring cigarette butts pollution in Vung Tau beaches: A case study in Vietnam.

Cigarette butts (CBs), alongside other plastic items, are widely recognized as a significant source of marine litter in coastal areas worldwide. This research is the first to examine CB pollution, offering valuable insights into its impact across various beaches in Vung Tau, Vietnam. A total of 512 CBs were collected, with an average density of 0.

A 3D-Printed Aqueous Drainage Tube with an Expandable Inner Diameter to Accommodate the Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Fluctuations After Glaucoma Surgery.

Glaucoma treatment involves reducing the intraocular pressure (IOP), which can damage the optic nerve, to a normal range. Aqueous drainage devices may be used for treatment, and a variety of devices have been proposed. However, they have a non-variable and uniform inner diameter, which makes it difficult to accommodate the IOP fluctuations that occur after glaucoma surgery.

Utilizing Crushed Recycled Marble Stone Powder as a Sustainable Filler in SBS-Modified Asphalt Containing Recycled Tire Rubber.

The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has driven the exploration of alternative fillers in asphalt production. Traditional asphalt mixtures rely heavily on natural aggregates and petroleum-based binders, contributing to environmental degradation. This study proposes an innovative solution by utilizing Crushed Recycled Marble Stone Powder (CRMSP) as a sustainable filler in SBS polymer-modified asphalt containing high volumes of recycled tire rubber, addressing both resource depletion and waste management concerns.

Effects of different lengths and doses of raw and treated sisal fibers in the cement composite material.

Sisal fiber moisture sensitivity and degradation are treated by alkaline and pozzolanic methods, such as silica fume and kaolin surface coating. However, it is novel that the treatment of sisal fiber by calcined bentonite slurry can coat sisal fiber from moisture and protect it from cement hydration by consuming free lime and reducing cement matrix alkalinity. Therefore, the present study treated sisal fibers with calcined bentonite slurry and investigated the effect of using different lengths and doses of treated and raw sisal fibers in a mortar.

Unravelling the complex influence of dissolved organic matter on microbial diversity in a salinized lake.

Ecosystems in cold and arid regions, such as Dai Lake - a typical inland, salinized lake in the semi-arid region of northern China - face severe environmental challenges, including salinization and biodiversity loss. This study investigates the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the structure of microbial communities in lake water and sediments, offering novel insights into the ecosystem's dynamics. In winter, DOM in the lake water is primarily derived from decaying plant and animal matter, while sediment DOM is predominantly associated with microbial activity.

Biochar@MIL-88A(Fe) accelerates direct interspecies electron transfer and hydrogen transfer in waste activated sludge anaerobic digestion: Exploring electron transfer and biomolecular mechanisms.

Adding additives exogenously is an effective strategy to enhance methanogenic activity and improve AD stability. Corn straw-based biochar@MIL-88A(Fe) (BM) was synthesized herewith and used as an exogenous additive to boost methane (CH) production. After adding BM at 250 mg/g WAS VS, the accumulative CH production and maximum CH yield increased by 1.