Automated Detection of Steno-Occlusive Lesion on Time-of-Flight MR Angiography: An Observer Performance Study.

Background And Purpose: Intracranial steno-occlusive lesions are responsible for acute ischemic stroke. However, the clinical benefits of artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods for detecting pathologic lesions in intracranial arteries have not been evaluated. We aimed to validate the clinical utility of an AI model for detecting steno-occlusive lesions in the intracranial arteries.

The indirect effect of peer problems on adolescent depression through nucleus accumbens volume alteration.

Literature suggests that neurobiological factors such as brain structure play an important role in linking social stress with depression in adolescence. We aimed to examine the role of subcortical volumetric alteration in the association between peer problems as one type of social stress and adolescent depression. We hypothesized that there would be indirect effects of peer problems on adolescent depression through subcortical volumetric alteration.

Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Korean version of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED).

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) on a sample of Korean youths and to examine the cross-cultural differences in adolescents' anxiety.

Methods: Our study included 147 adolescents (ages 12-17, 92 girls), 93 with major depressive disorder and 54 as controls. Participants were evaluated using the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), SCARED, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavioral Disorder Scale (DBD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD-RS).

Early changes of serum BDNF and SSRI response in adolescents with major depressive disorder.

Background: Recent evidence suggests that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and their early changes may predict antidepressant response in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, in adolescents, BDNF levels in depression and their changes during antidepressant treatment are relatively unknown. We aimed to investigate whether pre-treatment BDNF levels and their early changes predict antidepressant response in depressed adolescents.

Stiffness of the Central Corpus Cavernosum on Shear-Wave Elastography Is Inversely Correlated with the Penile Rigidity Score in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction.

Purpose: To perform real-time quantitative measurements of penile rigidity for patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) using shear-wave elastography (SWE).

Materials And Methods: A total of 92 patients with clinically diagnosed ED filled out an abridged five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire and underwent SWE as well as penile color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) after intracavernosal injection for penile erection. Elasticity measurements were repeated on two sites of the corpus cavernosum (central and peripheral elasticity of corpus cavernosum [ECC]) and the glans penis during the erection phase.

Comparison of oral steroid regimens for acute acoustic trauma caused by gunshot noise exposure.

Background: There are no definite guidelines regarding the most adequate steroid regimens for acute acoustic trauma.

Objective: To elucidate the dose-dependent differing benefits of oral steroids on hearing improvement following acute acoustic trauma.

Methods: Twenty-nine patients treated with oral steroids following a diagnosis of unilateral acute acoustic trauma were retrospectively reviewed.

Moderating effects of depressive symptoms on the relationship between problematic use of the Internet and sleep problems in Korean adolescents.

Background: Adolescence is a period of marked sleep pattern changes and sleep problems, which may result from both endogenous and exogenous factors. Among the various factors affecting adolescent sleep, depression and problematic Internet use (PIU) have received considerable attention. We examined if there is a different PIU effect on sleep between depressed group and non-depressed groups.

Deterioration in Global Organization of Structural Brain Networks in Schizophrenia: A Diffusion MRI Tractography Study.

Schizophrenia is a heterogenous neuropsychiatric disorder with varying degrees of altered connectivity in a wide range of brain areas. Network analysis using graph theory allows researchers to integrate and quantify relationships between widespread changes in a network system. This study examined the organization of brain structural networks by applying diffusion MRI, probabilistic tractography, and network analysis to 48 schizophrenia patients and 24 healthy controls.