Energy-Efficient Dynamic Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Scheme Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in H-CRAN.

The proliferation of 5G networks has revolutionized wireless communication by delivering enhanced speeds, ultra-low latency, and widespread connectivity. However, in heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRAN), efficiently managing inter-cell interference while ensuring energy conservation remains a critical challenge. This paper presents a novel energy-efficient, dynamic enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) scheme based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL).

Low-Intensity Continuous Ultrasound Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Curcumin-Encapsulated Exosomes Derived from Hypoxic Liver Cancer Cells via Homotropic Drug Delivery Systems.

Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles secreted by cells that efficiently deliver therapeutic cargo for cancer treatment. However, because exosomes are present in low quantities and have limited target specificity, internal and external stress stimulation has been studied to increase exosome efficiency. Inspired by these studies, the uptake efficiency of cobalt chloride-induced hypoxic cancer cell-secreted exosomes was evaluated.

Unsupervised Sim-to-Real Adaptation of Soft Robot Proprioception Using a Dual Cross-Modal Autoencoder.

Data-driven calibration methods have shown promising results for accurate proprioception in soft robotics. This process can be greatly benefited by adopting numerical simulation for computational efficiency. However, the gap between the simulated and real domains limits the accurate, generalized application of the approach.

Supercycle Al-Doped ZnMgO Alloys via Atomic Layer Deposition for Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes.

Colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) have been significantly improved in terms of device performance and lifetime by employing zinc oxide (ZnO) as an electron transport layer (ETL). Although atomic layer deposition (ALD) allows fabrication of uniform, high-quality ZnO films with minimal defects, the high conductivity of ZnO has hindered its straightforward application as an ETL in QD-LEDs. Herein, we propose fabrication of Al-doped ZnMgO (Al:ZnMgO) ETLs for QD-LEDs through a supercycle ALD, with alternating depositions of various metal oxides.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Peripheral HTR2A Antagonists for Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer is a prevalent and prominent contributor to global cancer-related fatalities with challenges in drug resistance and metastasis. Recent research highlights the potential relationship between serotonin and cancer. 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A) mRNA expression in colorectal cancer cells was found to be notably elevated compared to that in normal colon cells.

NIR Light-Triggered Structural Modulation of Self-Assembled Prion Protein Aggregates.

The self-replication of misfolded prion protein (PrP) aggregates is the major pathological event of different prion diseases, affecting mammal brains by cross-species transmission. Here, the structural modulation of PrP aggregates are reported by activated carbon materials upon near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Activated carbon cobalt (ACC) nanosheets are synthesized using glycerol and metal salts to utilize the charge carriers released under NIR light exposure.

The degradation mechanism of multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials.

1,4-Azaborine-based arenes are promising electroluminescent emitters with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), offering narrow emission spectra and high quantum yields due to a multi-resonance (MR) effect. However, their practical application is constrained by their limited operational stability. This study investigates the degradation mechanism of MR-TADF molecules.

CO2-driven Oxygen Vacancy Diffusion and Healing on TiO2(110) at Ambient Pressure.

Understanding how TiO2 interacts with CO2 at the molecular level is crucial in the CO2 reduction toward value-added energy sources. Here, we report in-situ observations of the CO2 activation process on the reduced TiO2(110) surface at room temperature using ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy. We found that oxygen vacancies (Vo) diffuse dynamically along the bridging oxygen (Obr) rows of the TiO2(110) surface under ambient CO2(g) environments.

Metabolic engineering of Priestia megaterium for 2'-fucosyllactose production.

Background: 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a predominant human milk oligosaccharide that significantly enhances infant nutrition and immune health. This study addresses the need for a safe and economical production of 2'-FL by employing Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) microbial strain, Priestia megaterium ATCC 14581. This strain was chosen for its robust growth and established safety profile and attributing suitable for industrial-scale production.

Reductive sulfinylation by nucleophilic chain isomerization of sulfonylpyridinium.

Sulfur-containing units are fundamental components widely found in bioactive compounds, prompting notable efforts toward developing synthetic methodologies for incorporating sulfur functionality into organic precursors. The synthesis of sulfinate esters and sulfinamides has garnered significant interest owing to their immense potential for applications, especially in drug development. However, most existing synthetic protocols suffer from some limitations.

Perovskite retinomorphic image sensor for embodied intelligent vision.

Retinomorphic systems that can see, recognize, and respond to real-time environmental information will extend the complexity and range of tasks that an exoskeleton robot can perform to better assist physically disabled people. However, the lack of ultrasensitive, reconfigurable, and large-scale integratable retinomorphic devices and advanced edge-processing algorithms makes it difficult to realize retinomorphic hardware. Here, we report the retinomorphic hardware prototype with a 4096-pixel perovskite image sensor array as core module to endow embodied intelligent vision functionalities.

Rewritable wavelength-selective hydrogel actuators grafted with fluorophores.

Recent efforts have focused on developing stimuli-responsive soft actuators that mimic the adaptive, complex, and reversible movements found in natural species. However, most hydrogel actuators are limited by their inability to combine wavelength-selectivity with reprogrammable shape changes, thereby reducing their degree of freedom in motion. To address this challenge, we present a novel strategy that integrates these capabilities by grafting fluorophores onto temperature-responsive hydrogels.

Observation of 1/3 fractional quantum Hall physics in balanced large angle twisted bilayer graphene.

Magnetotransport of conventional semiconductor based double layer systems with barrier suppressed interlayer tunneling has been a rewarding subject due to the emergence of an interlayer coherent state that behaves as an excitonic superfluid. Large angle twisted bilayer graphene offers unprecedented strong interlayer Coulomb interaction, since both layer thickness and layer spacing are of atomic scale and a barrier is no more needed as the twist induced momentum mismatch suppresses tunneling. The extra valley degree of freedom also adds richness.

Multi-modal conditional diffusion model using signed distance functions for metal-organic frameworks generation.

The design of porous materials with user-desired properties has been a great interest for the last few decades. However, the flexibility of target properties has been highly limited, and targeting multiple properties of diverse modalities simultaneously has been scarcely explored. Furthermore, although deep generative models have opened a new paradigm in materials generation, their incorporation into porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has not been satisfactory due to their structural complexity.

Nanoparticle superlattice with a C14 Frank-Kasper structure formed by highly monodisperse one-size gold nanoparticles in suspension.

Synthesizing nanoparticle superlattices (NPSLs) with different symmetries is of great interest due to their impact on the collective emergent properties and potential applications. While several parameters have been identified as determinants for forming different symmetries of NPSLs, the high core dispersity, softness, and ligand interpenetration were proposed to drive the formation of the C14 Frank-Kasper (C14) structure like MgZn-type. Here, we report that the C14 phase can be formed in highly monodisperse one-size spherical nanoparticles (NPs) by controlling the interplay among their softness and ligand grafting density.

Male preference for TERT alterations and HBV integration in young-age HBV-related HCC: implications for sex disparity.

Background/aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits significant sex disparities in incidence, yet its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We explored the role of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) genetic alterations and hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration, both known major contributors to HCC, in sex-specific risk for HBV-related HCC.

Methods: We examined 310 HBV-related HCC tissues to investigate sex-specific TERT promoter (TERT-pro) mutations and HBV integration profiles, stratified by sex and age, and validated with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immune responses in solid organ transplant recipients.

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are considered a high-risk group for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The adaptive immune responses generated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination include humoral and cellular immune responses. Most studies on the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine have focused primarily on humoral immunity, but cellular immunity is vital for effectively controlling progression to severe COVID-19.

Cortical VIP neurons as a critical node for dopamine actions.

Dopamine modulates a wide range of cognitive processes in the prefrontal cortex, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we examined the roles of prefrontal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-expressing neurons and their D1 receptors (D1Rs) in working memory using a delayed match-to-sample task in mice. VIP neurons conveyed robust working-memory signals, and their inactivation impaired behavioral performance.

Biologically inspired microlens array camera for high-speed and high-sensitivity imaging.

Nocturnal and crepuscular fast-eyed insects often exploit multiple optical channels and temporal summation for fast and low-light imaging. Here, we report high-speed and high-sensitive microlens array camera (HS-MAC), inspired by multiple optical channels and temporal summation for insect vision. HS-MAC features cross-talk-free offset microlens arrays on a single rolling shutter CMOS image sensor and performs high-speed and high-sensitivity imaging by using channel fragmentation, temporal summation, and compressive frame reconstruction.

Highly Reliable BiOSe Dendritic Neuron Enabling Spatial-Temporal Signal Processing for Real-World Image Classification.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides by imitating biological neurons and synapses through simplified models, yet incomplete neuron functionalities can limit performance and energy efficiency in handling complex tasks. Biological neurons process input signals nonlinearly, utilizing dendrites to process spatial-temporal information. This study demonstrates the compact artificial dendrite device employing memristors based on bismuth oxyselenide (BiOSe).

Aggregation pathway complexity in a simple perylene diimide.

This study characterizes the influence of self-assembly conditions on the aggregation pathway and resulting photophysical properties of one-dimensional aggregates of the simple imide-substituted perylene diimide, N, N'-didodecyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (ddPDI). We show that ddPDI, which has symmetric alkyl chains at the imide positions, assembles into fibers with distinct morphology, emission spectra, and temperature-dependent behavior as a function of preparation conditions. In all conditions explored, aggregates are one-dimensional; however, assembly conditions can bias formation to either J-like or H-like aggregates.

Augmented prediction of vertebral collapse after osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures through parameter-efficient fine-tuning of biomedical foundation models.

Vertebral collapse (VC) following osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) often requires aggressive treatment, necessitating an accurate prediction for early intervention. This study aimed to develop a predictive model leveraging deep neural networks to predict VC progression after OVCF using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data. Among 245 enrolled patients with acute OVCF, data from 200 patients were used for the development dataset, and data from 45 patients were used for the test dataset.

Impact of plasma discharge pressure on implant surface properties and osteoblast activities in vacuum-assisted plasma treatment.

Nonthermal plasma has been extensively utilized in various biomedical fields, including surface engineering of medical implants to enhance their biocompatibility and osseointegration. To ensure robustness and cost effectiveness for commercial viability, stable and effective plasma is required, which can be achieved by reducing gas pressure in a controlled volume. Here, we explored the impact of reduced gas pressure on plasma properties, surface characteristics of plasma-treated implants, and subsequent biological outcomes.

Cryogenic III-V and Nb electronics integrated on silicon for large-scale quantum computing platforms.

Quantum computers now encounter the significant challenge of scalability, similar to the issue that classical computing faced previously. Recent results in high-fidelity spin qubits manufactured with a Si CMOS technology, along with demonstrations that cryogenic CMOS-based control/readout electronics can be integrated into the same chip or die, opens up an opportunity to break out the challenges of qubit size, I/O, and integrability. However, the power consumption of cryogenic CMOS-based control/readout electronics cannot support thousands or millions of qubits.