Bernoulli trial under subsystem restarts: Two competing searchers looking for a target.

We study a pair of independent searchers competing for a target under restarts and find that introduction of restarts tends to enhance the search efficiency of an already efficient searcher. As a result, the difference between the search probabilities of the individual searchers increases when the system is subject to restarts. This result holds true independent of the identity of individual searchers or the specific details of the distribution of restart times.

Design of an Atomic Layer-Deposited InO/GaO Channel Structure for High-Performance Thin-Film Transistors.

For potential application in advanced memory devices such as dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) or NAND flash, nanolaminated indium oxide (In-O) and gallium oxide (Ga-O) films with five different vertical cation distributions were grown and investigated by using a plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process. Specifically, this study provides an in-depth examination of how the control of individual layer thicknesses in the nanolaminated (NL) IGO structure impacts not only the physical and chemical properties of the thin film but also the overall device performance. To eliminate the influence of the cation composition ratio and overall thickness on the IGO thin film, these parameters were held constant across all conditions.

Unraveling Cholesterol-Dependent Interactions of Alkylphospholipids with Supported Lipid Bilayers.

Alkylphospholipids are single-chain lipid amphiphiles that possess clinically relevant biological activities driven by membrane-destabilizing interactions. Subtle variations in alkylphospholipid structure can lead to significant differences in their biological effects, yet corresponding membrane interactions remain underexplored. Herein, we employed the quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D) technique to characterize the real-time membrane interactions of three alkylphospholipids-edelfosine, miltefosine, and perifosine-on supported lipid bilayers with varying cholesterol fractions.

Association Between the Timing of Coronary Angiography, Targeted Temperature Management, and Neurological Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Population-Based Registry Study in Korea.

Background: Coronary angiography (CAG) and targeted temperature management (TTM) may improve clinical outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This study aimed to assess whether the intervention effects differed according to timing and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) performance.

Methods And Results: Adult patients with presumed cardiac cause who underwent CAG and TTM within 24 hours following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were included from the Korean nationwide out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry.

Distinct structural and functional heterochromatin partitioning of lamin B1 and lamin B2 revealed using genome-wide nicking enzyme epitope targeted DNA sequencing.

Gene expression is regulated by chromatin DNA methylation and other features, including histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), chromatin remodelers and transcription factor occupancy. A complete understanding of gene regulation will require the mapping of these chromatin features in small cell number samples. Here we describe a novel genome-wide chromatin profiling technology, named as Nicking Enzyme Epitope targeted DNA sequencing (NEED-seq).

Multiple Kinase Small Molecule Inhibitor Tinengotinib (TT-00420) Alone or With Chemotherapy Inhibit the Growth of SCLC.

There is an urgent need to develop new targeted treatment agents for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Tinengotinib (TT-00420) is a novel, multi-targeted, and spectrally selective small-molecule kinase inhibitor that has shown significant inhibitory effects on certain solid tumors in preclinical studies. However, its role and mechanism of action in SCLC remain unclear.

Clinical Judgment Model-Based Critical Reflection Program for Newly Graduated Nurses: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

This study evaluated the effects of a critical reflection program utilizing the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR) reflective questions based on the Clinical Judgment Model (CJM) on newly graduated nurses' clinical judgment skills. A total of 153 newly graduated nurses scheduled for on-site training in a ward nursing unit were divided into a control group (receiving only the usual on-site training with preceptorship) and an experimental group (receiving the developed program with the same on-site training with preceptorship as the control group). Data were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months after the intervention.

Hierarchical Selenium-Doped Nickel-Cobalt Hybrids on Carbon Paper for the Overall Water-Splitting Electrocatalytic System.

Designing and constructing hierarchically structured materials with heterogeneous compositions is the key to developing an effective catalyst for overall water-splitting applications. Herein, we report the fabrication of hollow-structured selenium-doped nickel-cobalt hybrids on carbon paper as a self-supported electrode (denoted as Se-Ni|Co/CP, where Ni|Co hybrids consist of nickel-cobalt alloy-incorporated nickel-cobalt oxide). The procedure involves direct growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) on bimetal-based nickel-cobalt hydroxide (NiCoOH) electrodeposited on CP, followed by selenous etching and pyrolysis to obtain the final Se-Ni|Co/CP electrocatalytic system.

Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Ficus benghalensis for Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Crystal Violet and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities.

Crystal Violet (CV) is a vibrant and harmful dye known for its toxicity to aquatic life and potential carcinogenic effects on humans. This study explores the removal of CV through photocatalysis driven by visible light, as well as examining the antibacterial and antibiofilm characteristics of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized from the aerial roots of Ficus benghalensis. Various characterization techniques were employed to confirm the optical properties, crystal lattices, and morphology of ZnO NPs.

Modeling of Composition and Channel Length-Dependent Transient Characteristics in Short-Channel IGZO Field-Effect Transistors.

In this study, we analyze the characteristics of fast transient drain current () in IGZO-based field-effect transistors (FETs) with different composition ratios (device O: ratio of 1:1:1 for In, Ga, Zn, device G: ratio of 0.307:0.39:0.

Multi-omic insights into molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7.

Recent advances in molecular science have significantly enlightened our mechanistic understanding of spinocerebellar ataxia type 7. To further close remaining gaps, we performed a multi-omics analysis using SCA7 mice. Entire brain tissue samples were collected from 12-week-old mice, and RNA sequencing, methylation analysis, and proteomic analysis were performed.

Effectiveness and Safety of Dose-Specific DOACs in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Dose adjustments of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for atrial fibrillation are based on pivotal clinical trials assessing their effectiveness and safety in controlled settings. However, the appropriateness of these dosing strategies in real-world practice is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of dose-specific DOACs with those of warfarin.

Two-year clinical outcomes of Taiwanese and other Asian ethnicities with atrial fibrillation treated with edoxaban in the ETNA-AF Asia registry.

Background: The non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC), edoxaban, is approved for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in many Asian countries. Nonetheless, data on its long-term effectiveness and safety in routine clinical practice are limited in Taiwan.

Methods: The Global ETNA-AF (Edoxaban Treatment in routiNe clinical prActice) registry is an observational study that integrates data of AF patients receiving edoxaban from multiple regional registries.

High-density mapping in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in Asia Pacific region: An observational study.

Background: Few clinical studies of atrial fibrillation (AF) have focused on Asian patients; data are lacking on current mapping and ablation strategies in the Asia Pacific region (APAC).

Objective: The HD Mapping Observational Study (NCT04022954) was designed to characterize electroanatomic mapping (EAM) with market-released high-density mapping (HDM) catheters in subjects with AF in APAC.

Methods: Subjects undergoing HDM and indicated for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat AF were prospectively enrolled in APAC.

Hematospermia does not increase the risk of prostate cancer detection in prostate biopsy.

Background: Studies on the association between hematospermia and prostate cancer are insufficient. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of prostate cancer in patients with hematospermia using large United States population data.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study.

The association between inflammatory bowel disease and risk of prostate cancer: a population-based retrospective study based on Korean National Health Insurance Service database.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with the risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa) through a population-based study.

Materials And Methods: Male patients aged ≥40 years, diagnosed with IBD from 2010 to 2013 and without IBD were identified and followed-up till 2019. A matched cohort of male patients with and without IBD in a ratio of 1:4 was created based on age, income level, and Charlson comorbidity index.

Development and Clinical Validation of Model-Informed Precision Dosing for Everolimus in Liver Transplant Recipients.

Everolimus presents significant dosing challenges due to between- and within-patient pharmacokinetic variabilities. This study aimed to develop and validate a model-informed precision dosing strategy for everolimus in liver transplant recipients. The dosing strategy was initially developed using retrospective data, employing nonlinear mixed-effects modeling.

Transferrin-binding domain inserted-adenovirus hexon engineering enables systemic immune evasion and intratumoral T-cell activation.

Adenovirus-based therapies have encountered significant challenges due to host immunity, particularly from pre-existing antibodies. Many trials have struggled to evade antibody response; however, the efficiency of these efforts was limited by the diversity of antibody Fv-region recognizing multiple amino acid sequences. In this study, we developed an antibody-evading adenovirus vector by encoding a plasma-rich protein transferrin-binding domain.

Sulfur Vacancies Limit the Open-Circuit Voltage of SbS Solar Cells.

Antimony sulfide (SbS) is a promising candidate as an absorber layer for single-junction solar cells and the top subcell in tandem solar cells. However, the power conversion efficiency of SbS-based solar cells has remained stagnant over the past decade, largely due to trap-assisted nonradiative recombination. Here we assess the trap-limited conversion efficiency of SbS by investigating nonradiative carrier capture rates for intrinsic point defects using first-principles calculations and Sah-Shockley statistics.

Surface Composition Impacts Selectivity of ZnTe Photocathodes in Photoelectrochemical CO Reduction Reaction.

Light-driven reduction of CO into chemicals using a photoelectrochemical (PEC) approach is considered as a promising way to meet the carbon neutral target. The very top surface of the photoelectrode and semiconductor/electrolyte interface plays a pivotal role in defining the performance for PEC CO reduction. However, such impact remains poorly understood.

Impact of information publicity on Korean residents' E-waste recycling intentions: Applying the norm activation model and theory of planned behavior.

The escalating annual growth rate of electronic waste, commonly referred to as "e-waste," is currently between 3 % and 5 %, indicating a rapidly increasing solid waste stream. In 2019, South Korea generated 15.8 kg of e-waste per capita.

Comparison of the Effect of and Compliance With Cyclosporine 0.1% After Various Pretreatments in Dry Eye Disease.

We sought to compare the effect of cyclosporine 0.1% after various pretreatments in patients with dry eye disease. Two hundred seventy-four eyes of 137 patients diagnosed with dry eye disease were retrospectively enrolled.

Trends in functional limitations among middle-aged and older adults in the Asia-Pacific: survey evidence from 778,507 observations across six countries.

Background: There are few studies comparing health status trends among middle-aged and older adults in countries currently experiencing a rapid demographic and economic transition in the Asia-Pacific, relative to their high-income regional counterparts. This study investigates trends in functional limitations among individuals aged 45 years and above in six major Asia-Pacific countries, ranging from middle- to high-income, from 2001 to 2019 and examines disparities across socioeconomic and demographic sub-groups.

Methods: Data on 778,507 individuals from seven surveys in three high-income countries (Australia, Japan, South Korea) and three middle-income countries (China, Indonesia, and India) were used.

Selective fluorescent probe for Tl ions through metal-induced hydrolysis and its application for direct assay of artificial urine.

In this research, we report a simple fluorescent probe designed to detect thallium(iii) ions (Tl) in artificial urine samples. The Tl signaling probe (TP-1) was readily prepared from 2-acetyl-6-methoxynaphthalene and hydrazine. In a pH 4.

Light-sheet microscopy enabled by a miniaturized plane illuminator.

We present a implementation method of light-sheet microscopy utilizing a highly miniaturized device that produces light-sheet illumination while immersed in the sample container. Our miniaturized plane illuminator (MPI) internally equips a two-axis beam-scanning mechanism based on a magnetostatically driven optical fiber cantilever. A light sheet is produced by fast scanning of the focused beam in an axis while the illumination plane can move in the other axis for positioning and 3D imaging.