Mixed-Dimensional Semiconductors-Based Ternary Circuits with Tunable Negative Transconductance Characteristics.

Multivalued logic (MVL) systems, in which data are processed with more than two logic values, are considered a viable solution for achieving superior processing efficiency with higher data density and less complicated system complexity without further scaling challenges. Such MVL systems have been conceptually realized by using negative transconductance (NTC) devices whose channels consist of van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions of low-dimensional semiconductors; however, their circuit operations have not been quite ideal for driving multiple stages in real circuit applications due to reasons such as a reduced output swing and poorly defined logic states. Herein, we demonstrate ternary inverter circuits with near rail-to-rail swing and three distinct logic states by employing vdW p-n heterojunctions of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and MoS where the SWCNT layer completely covers the MoS layer.

Merged Red and NIR Light Sources for Photobiomodulation Therapy in Diabetic Wound Healing.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is considered an effective and safe therapeutic modality in supporting the treatment of complications from a global pandemic-diabetes. In this study, PBM therapy is investigated to accelerate wound healing in diabetic mice (DM), under the combined biological effects of red light from a red organic light-emitting diode (ROLED) and near-infrared (NIR) light from an NIR conversion film (NCF) with dispersed CuInS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The QD concentration and the NCF structure were optimized to maximize the optical properties and mechanical stability.

Recent Advances of Macrostructural Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications.

Porous silicon (pSi) has gained substantial attention as a versatile material for various biomedical applications due to its unique structural and functional properties. Initially used as a semiconductor material, pSi has transitioned into a bioactive platform, enabling its use in drug delivery systems, biosensing, tissue engineering scaffolds, and implantable devices. This review explores recent advancements in macrostructural pSi, emphasizing its biocompatibility, biodegradability, high surface area, and tunable properties.

NIR-Reflective Black Photonic Films Designed for Effective LiDAR Recognition.

Conventional dark-tone paints absorb both visible light and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, posing a challenge for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) recognition in autonomous driving. To overcome this issue, various chemical and structural coating materials have been explored to selectively reflect NIR. In this study, we newly propose colloidal photonic crystals with a stopband in the NIR range, fabricated through the spontaneous formation of crystalline arrays of silica particles dispersed in a photocurable resin, as a potential solution.

Simultaneous and Ultraspecific Optical Detection of Multiple miRNAs Using a Liquid Flow-Based Microfluidic Assay.

Recent studies have reported that the cause and progression of many diseases are closely related to complex and diverse gene regulation involving multiple microRNAs (miRNAs). However, most existing methods for miRNA detection typically deal with one sample at a time, which limits the achievement of high diagnostic accuracy for diseases associated with multiple gene dysregulations. Herein, we develop a liquid flow-based microfluidic optical assay for the simple and reliable detection of two different target miRNAs simultaneously at room temperature without any enzymatic reactions.

Stretchable AgS-MXene Photodetector Designed for Enhanced Electrical Durability and High Sensitivity.

In this work, we present a facile and straightforward approach for fabricating highly stretchable photodetectors based on AgS and TiCT MXene hybrid materials. These devices exhibit exceptional mechanical resilience, maintaining stable electrical and optical performance even after 10 000 cycles of 30% strain. The incorporation of MXene not only enhances the device's electrical durability but also ensures the retention of conductivity under significant mechanical deformation, positioning MXene as a critical material for the advancement of flexible electronics.

Aneurysm at the Trunk of the Medial-Type Persistent Trigeminal Artery Associated with Facial Pain : A Rare Case Report.

Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most common residual manifestation of persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis, with the medial-type (intrasellar or sphenoidal) PTA being exceptionally rare. Aneurysms originating from the PTA trunk are not common. We present a unique case of an aneurysm located at the trunk of the medial-type PTA in a patient presenting with trigeminal neuralgia who successfully received endovascular treatment.

Comparison of Clazosentan and Nimodipine on Vasospasm and Vasospasm-Related Outcomes after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage : A Post-hoc Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Six Randomized Clinical Trials.

Objective: Clazosentan is a recently approved endothelin receptor antagonist indicated for the prevention of vasospasm and related complications following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). To date, no direct, head-to-head comparison between clazosentan and nimodipine has been conducted. In this study, we indirectly assessed the efficacy and safety of these two drugs in preventing vasospasm and its associated outcomes after aSAH.

Multiomics in cancer biomarker discovery and cancer subtyping.

The advent of multiomics has ushered in a new era of cancer research characterized by integrated genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis to unravel the complexities of cancer biology and facilitate the discovery of novel biomarkers. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the concept of multiomics, detailing the significant advances in the underlying technologies and their contributions to our understanding of cancer. It delves into the evolution of genomics and transcriptomics, breakthroughs in proteomics, and overarching progress in multiomic methodologies, highlighting their collective impact on cancer biomarker discovery.

Endothelial cell (EC)-specific CTGF/CCN2 Expression Increases EC Reprogramming and Atherosclerosis.

Arterial endothelial cells (ECs) reside in a complex biomechanical environment. ECs sense and respond to wall shear stress. Low and oscillatory wall shear stress is characteristic of disturbed flow and commonly found at arterial bifurcations and around atherosclerotic plaques.

Triterpenoid saponin-mediated recovery of visual deficits in age-related macular degeneration (AMD): Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial.

Purpose: Recovery rate of rod photoreceptor sensitivity (S2 gradient) following a bleach is reduced in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) due to diminished delivery of retinol across a grossly altered Bruch's membrane. Since triterpenoid saponins are known to improve transport across Bruch's, we have assessed their possible use for reversing the visual deficits in AMD.

Design: Double-blind, placebo controlled randomised clinical trial.

Tire rubber-derived contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone reduce attachment and outgrowth of trophoblast spheroids onto endometrial epithelial cells.

N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), a synthetic additive widely used in the rubber industry, and its oxidized product 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), have garnered widespread attention as an emerging hazardous chemicals owing to their potential detrimental effects on aquatic ecosystem and human health. The effects of 6PPD and 6PPDq on the female reproductive tract, especially embryo implantation, remain unknown and were investigated in this study. We used the spheroid attachment and outgrowth models of BeWo trophoblastic spheroids and Ishikawa cells as surrogates for the human blastocyst and endometrial epithelium, respectively.

Aflatoxin B1 impairs the growth and development of chicken PGCs through oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Aflatoxins harm the reproductive system and gamete development in animals. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) in chickens, as ancestral cells of gametes, are essential for genetic transmission, yet the impact and mechanisms of aflatoxins on them remain elusive. This study systematically investigated the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on chicken PGCs and their potential mechanisms using an in vitro culture model.

What happens when you turn weed management off? A long-term appraisal of the effectiveness of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) kuhn control treatments and the role of sheep grazing.

Long-term strategies are needed for the ecological restoration of land invaded by perennial weed species comprising of two parts: (1) control of the invasive species and (2) restoration of native vegetation meeting agricultural/conservation objectives. We investigated this within a statistically-rigorous, 28-year experiment at a site where Pteridium aquilinum had invaded an acid-grass/heathland. Where P.

Ultra-sensitive, on-site pesticide detection for environmental and food safety monitoring using flexible cellulose nano fiber/Au nanorod@Ag SERS sensor.

This paper introduces a highly absorbent and sensitive cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/gold nanorod (GNR)@Ag surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor, fabricated using the vacuum filtration method. By optimizing the Ag thickness in the GNR@Ag core-shell structures and integrating them with CNFs, optimal SERS hotspots were identified using the Raman probe molecule 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP). To concentrate pesticides extracted from fruit and vegetable surfaces, we utilized the evaporation enrichment effect using hydrophilic CNF and hole-punched hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

Isotopic fractionation of gaseous mercury in a large industrial city: Spatio-temporal variations and source apportionment.

The source-receptor relationship of atmospheric mercury is a critical environmental concern. However, comprehensive evaluations of mercury pollution based on spatially resolved and time-averaged data have not yet been conducted in Korea. In this study, the spatio-temporal variations of total gaseous mercury (TGM) and mercury isotopes were examined using passive air samplers at 30 sites in Ulsan over one year.

In vivo imaging markers of glymphatic dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Analysis of ALPS index and choroid plexus volume.

Background: The glymphatic system, essential for brain waste clearance, has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Emerging imaging markers, such as the analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index and choroid plexus volume (CPV), may provide insights into glymphatic function, but their relevance to ALS remains unclear.

Objective: To assess glymphatic dysfunction in ALS patients using the ALPS index and CPV.

Automated ultrasonography of hepatocellular carcinoma using discrete wavelet transform based deep-learning neural network.

This study introduces HCC-Net, a novel wavelet-based approach for the accurate diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from abdominal ultrasound (US) images using artificial neural networks. The HCC-Net integrates the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to decompose US images into four sub-band images, a lesion detector for hierarchical lesion localization, and a pattern-augmented classifier for generating pattern-enhanced lesion images and subsequent classification. The lesion detection uses a hierarchical coarse-to-fine approach to minimize missed lesions.

Environmental controls on the conversion of nutrients to chlorophyll in lakes.

Anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus to lakes have increased worldwide, causing phytoplankton chlorophyll concentrations to increase at many sites, with negative implications for biodiversity and human usage of lake resources. However, the conversion of nutrients to chlorophyll varies among lakes, hindering effective management actions to improve water quality. Here, using a rich global dataset, we explore how the relationship between chlorophyll-a (Chla) and nitrogen and phosphorus and inferred nutrient limitation is modified by climate, catchment, hydrology and lake characteristics.

Association of rapid response system with clinical outcomes after surgery under general anesthesia.

Background: In this population-based cohort study involving a nationwide database from South Korea, we aimed to determine whether rapid response system (RRS) implementation is associated with mortality and morbidity after surgery under general anesthesia.

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia at the hospital between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. Patients admitted to hospitals with an RRS were categorized into the RRS group, whereas those without an RRS were categorized into the non-RRS group.

Dome-Structure Array from Pre-Strained Extendable Mesh for Tactile Sensing Without Crosstalk and Lateral Strain Interference.

Flexible tactile sensors have received significant attention for use in wearable applications such as robotics, human-machine interfaces, and health monitoring. However, conventional tactile sensors face challenges in accurately measuring pressure because vertical deformation is induced by Poisson's ratio in situations where lateral strain is applied. This study shows a strain-insensitive flexible tactile sensor array without the crosstalk effect using a highly stretchable mesh.

Fabrication of Versatile Antifouling Coatings Inspired by Melanogenesis Using a Tyrosine-Conjugated Carboxybetaine Derivative.

In this study, we developed zwitterionic surface coatings of carboxybetaine by mimicking natural melanogenesis. We synthesized an unnatural tyrosine-conjugated carboxybetaine (Tyr-CB) that undergoes melanin-like oxidation upon treatment with tyrosinase under various aqueous conditions. The thickness of the resulting poly(Tyr-CB) film was tuned by adjusting the pH during the coating process.