[Curriculum "Tracheostomy management in dysphagia therapy"].

The number of tracheotomized patients with dysphagia and their need for treatment are continuously increasing in clinical and community settings. The revised version of the directive on home care and community-based intensive care of the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) requires that tracheotomized patients are regularly evaluated with the aim of identifying and promoting the therapeutic potential after hospital discharge. Dysphagia treatment plays a crucial role as without improvement of severe dysphagia there is practically no possibility for decannulation.

[Curriculum "Tracheostomy management in dysphagia therapy"].

The number of tracheotomized patients with dysphagia and their need for treatment are continuously increasing in clinical and community settings. The revised version of the directive on home care and community-based intensive care of the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) requires that tracheotomized patients are regularly evaluated with the aim of identifying and promoting the therapeutic potential after hospital discharge. Dysphagia treatment plays a crucial role as without improvement of severe dysphagia there is practically no possibility for decannulation.

[Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) with monoclonal antibodies (biologics): S2k guideline of the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (DGHNO-KHC), and the German College of General Practitioners and Family Physicians (DEGAM)].

Monoclonal antibodies (so-called biologics) can be prescribed for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) within the scope of their market authorization. However, their prescription is limited to severe CRSwNP without disease control, whereby certain requirements must be met. Dupilumab, omalizumab, and mepolizumab have currently gained market authorization, with adequate evidence for their efficacy and safety available in the literature.

[The first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic-impact on otorhinolaryngology].

Background: The first year of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has already affected our public health care system to an enormous extent and will continue to do so in the future. Otorhinolaryngologists (ORLs) are suspected to be at high risk of infection, due to the high viral load in the mucosa of the upper airways. The current review evaluates the impact of the pandemic on ORLs' activities and assesses the risk infection.

[Surgical anatomy of the maxillary sinus].

Background: Improved understanding of the microanatomy of the paranasal sinuses, including its individual variations, makes a substantial contribution to current progress in endonasal endoscopic microsurgery. Microanatomy of the sinuses is an active field of present scientific investitations.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive review on microanatomy of the maxillary sinus is presented from the perspective of contemporary endonasal endoscopic microsurgery.

[Comprehensive review on danger points, complications and medico-legal aspects in endoscopic sinus surgery].

Endoscopic endonasal sinus surgery represents the overall accepted type of surgical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis. Notwithstanding raised and still evolving quality standards, surgeons performing routine endoscopic interventions are faced with minor complications in 5% and major complications in 0.5-1%.

[Prevalence of chronic tympanic membrane perforation in the adult population].

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of chronic tympanic membrane perforation in the adult population.

Materials And Method: The study population included 1,000 subjects (453 males, 547 females) aged 18-93 years. In addition to interview data, ear examinations were performed.

[Interdisciplinary management of severe midfacial trauma].

The anatomy of the craniofacial skeleton is complex, the bones being closely associated with important neurological structures and sensory organs. The face itself is intimately associated with hereditary features and emotional feelings, and, as a consequence, midfacial trauma may lead to important aesthetic, functional and personal problems. Patients suffering from severe midfacial injuries reveal significant concomitant lesions of other body regions in a high percentage of cases.

[Changes of the late acoustically evoked potentials in postlingually deaf patients with cochlear implants].

Background: The speech recognition performances in postlingually deaf patients, which had a long duration of deafness, seem to be poorer than in patients with a short duration of deafness. The reason could be a functional reorganization in the auditory cortex. A long time of auditory deprivation may decrease neuronal activity in the auditory related cortices.

[Systemic corticoid application in combination with topical mitomycin or dexamethasone. Inhibition of wound healing after tympanic membrane perforation].

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether systemic glucocorticoid application, in combination with topical mitomycin or dexamethasone, prolongs the patency of a tympanic membrane perforation.

Method: Bilateral myringotomies were performed on 24 rats. The 48 ears were separated into eight groups.

[Traumatic tympanic membrane perforactions. Local application of an alginate matrix loaded with epidermal growth factor in an animal model].

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an alginate matrix releasing epidermal growth factor on healing after acute tympanic membrane perforation in rats.

Method: A total of 20 male rats were divided into two groups. In each animal, a randomly chosen tympanic membrane was perforated by heat.

[Extended outcome assessment in endonasal sinus surgery].

Background: Endonasal optically guided surgery has gained wide acceptance for treatment of chronic sinusitis. However, irrespective to the advent of minimally-invasive techniques, standard outcome assessment has not always reflected the increased technical and conceptual efforts. "Psychometric" instruments offer additional information on patients' perceptions of health.