Epidemiology of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in recent-onset symptomatic thyroid eye disease.

Purpose: This study aims to report correlations between thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) and both clinical and radiological parameters in recent-onset symptomatic thyroid eye disease (TED) patients.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of TED patients managed at the Chinese University of Hong Kong from January 2014 to May 2022. Serum TSI levels were determined with the functional assay.

Advances in myopia control strategies for children.

Myopia has long been a global threat to public health. Timely interventions are likely to reduce the risk of vision-threatening complications. There are both established and rapidly evolving therapeutic approaches to slow myopia progression and/or delay its onset.

Genetic association of TIE2 with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: To evaluate the associations of the TIE2 gene with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: This study included a Chinese cohort of 285 non-proliferative DR patients and 433 healthy controls. The DR patients were classified further into those with or without DME.

Improved accuracy of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography for monitoring myopic macular neovascularisation activity.

Background/aims: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) combined with OCT angiography (OCTA) for myopic myopic macular neovascularisation (MNV) activity.

Methods: Both eyes of patients with myopic MNV diagnosed with fluorescein angiography (FA), SD OCT and OCTA were assessed by unmasked investigators. The images were deidentified and randomised before graded by masked investigators, who determined the presence of active myopic MNV by using SD OCT together with OCTA without FA and by FA alone, respectively.

Photokeratitis in Outdoor Event Participants Exposed to UV Radiation Display.

Importance: While UV radiation displays may be used for recreational purposes at outdoor events, unprotected eyes have been reported to have symptoms consistent with photokeratitis. Such symptoms warrant documentation and evaluation in ophthalmic peer reviewed literature.

Objective: To describe a case series of photokeratitis associated with a single ultraviolet radiation display at an outdoor event.

Five-Year Clinical Trial of the Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP) Study: Phase 4 Report.

Purpose: To evaluate (1) the long-term efficacy of low-concentration atropine over 5 years, (2) the proportion of children requiring re-treatment and associated factors, and (3) the efficacy of pro re nata (PRN) re-treatment using 0.05% atropine from years 3 to 5.

Design: Randomized, double-masked extended trial.

Investigation of lacrimal gland and extraocular muscle in thyroid eye disease patients with severe subjective dry eye disease: a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging study.

Purpose: To analyze the radiological features of the lacrimal gland (LG) and extraocular muscle (EOM) in thyroid eye disease (TED) patients with severe subjective dry eye disease (DED) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, mechanical ocular exposure, dry eye assessment and MRI data were collected. Patients were classified into non-severe subjective DED group with ocular surface disease index (OSDI) < 33 and severe subjective DED group with OSDI ≥ 33.

Euthyroid graves' ophthalmopathy in a Chinese population: A cross-sectional follow-up study.

Objectives: A subtype of patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) were found to be euthyroid without prior thyroid dysfunction or treatment, known as Euthyroid Graves' Ophthalmopathy (EGO). We report the prevalence, clinical and serological phenotypes of EGO in a Chinese population.

Methods: A cross-sectional follow-up study.

Ocular surface and meibomian gland evaluation in euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: Euthyroid Graves' ophthalmology (EGO) refers to the subgroup of thyroid eye disease patients with distinct clinical presentations. This study evaluated the ocular surface and meibomian gland changes in EGO patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at The Chinese University of Hong Kong including 34 EGO patients and 34 age-and sex- matched healthy controls.

Displacement of Submacular Hemorrhage Using Subretinal Cocktail Injection versus Pneumatic Displacement: A Real-World Comparative Study.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of submacular hemorrhage (SMH) displacement using pneumatic displacement with intravitreal expansile gas versus pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent, and air as primary surgery.

Methods: Retrospective interventional case series of 63 patients who underwent surgical displacement of SMH secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) from May 1, 2015, to October 31, 2022. Medical records were reviewed for diagnosis, logMAR visual acuity (VA), central subfield thickness (CST), and postoperative displacement rates and complications up to 12 months after operation.

Genetic associations of central serous chorioretinopathy subtypes, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the genetic associations of different subtypes of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Design: A case-control genetic association study.

Methods: This study enrolled 217 CSCR, 341 nAMD, 288 PCV patients, and 1380 controls.

Six-Year Outcomes in Subjects with Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in the EVEREST II Study.

Introduction: The EVEREST II study previously reported that intravitreally administered ranibizumab (IVR) combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) achieved superior visual gain and polypoidal lesion closure compared to IVR alone in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). This follow-up study reports the long-term outcomes 6 years after initiation of the EVEREST II study.

Methods: This is a non-interventional cohort study of 90 patients with PCV from 16 international trial sites who originally completed the EVEREST II study.

Central serous chorioretinopathy: An evidence-based treatment guideline.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a relatively common disease that causes vision loss due to macular subretinal fluid leakage and it is often associated with reduced vision-related quality of life. In CSC, the leakage of subretinal fluid through defects in the retinal pigment epithelial layer's outer blood-retina barrier appears to occur secondary to choroidal abnormalities and dysfunction. The treatment of CSC is currently the subject of controversy, although recent data obtained from several large randomized controlled trials provide a wealth of new information that can be used to establish a treatment algorithm.

Antiviral Effects and Mechanisms of Green Tea Catechins on Influenza: A Perception on Combating Symptoms from COVID-19.

Over the centuries, influenza and its associated epidemics have been a serious public health problem. Although vaccination and medications (such as neuraminidase inhibitors) are the mainstay of pharmacological approaches to prevent and treat influenza, however, frequent mutations in the influenza genome often result in treatment failure and resistance to standard medications which limit their effectiveness. In recent years, green tea catechins have been evaluated as potential anti-influenza agents.

Update on coronavirus disease 2019: Ophthalmic Manifestations and Adverse Reactions to Vaccination.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was one of the most devastating public health issues in recent decades. The ophthalmology community is as concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic as the global public health community is, as COVID-19 was recognized to affect multiple organs in the human body, including the eyes, early in the course of the outbreak. Ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 are highly variable and could range from mild ocular surface abnormalities to potentially sight and life-threatening orbital and neuro-ophthalmic diseases.

Systemic Involvement in Immunoglobulin G4-Related Ophthalmic Disease.

Background: Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) poses clinical challenges due to its heterogeneous ocular and systemic manifestations. We aim to report the systemic involvement and the clinical, serological and radiological associations of a cohort of Chinese patients.

Methods: A territory-wide, biopsy-proven, Chinese cohort.

Uveal and conjunctival melanomas: disease course and outcomes in Chinese patients.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies of ocular melanomas have largely focused on Caucasian populations. This study reviewed the course and outcomes of uveal melanoma (UM) and conjunctival melanoma (CM) in Chinese patients.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with UM and CM who received treatment in a tertiary eye centre in Hong Kong from January 1994 to December 2019.