Generative deep learning approach to predict posttreatment optical coherence tomography images of age-related macular degeneration after 12 months.

Purpose: Predicting long-term anatomical responses in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients is critical for patient-specific management. This study validates a generative deep learning (DL) model to predict 12-month posttreatment optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and evaluates the impact of incorporating clinical data on predictive performance.

Methods: A total of 533 eyes from 513 treatment-naïve nAMD patients were analyzed.

Multi-cohort analysis identifying core ocular surface microbiome and bacterial alterations in eye diseases.

Purpose: Inconsistency exists among reported studies on the composition of human ocular surface microbiome (OSM). The roles of OSM in ocular diseases remain uncertain. In this study, we aimed to determine the composition of OSM and to evaluate its potential roles and functions from multiple cohorts.

Genes for childhood myopia.

Myopia is associated with interactive effects of genetic and environmental factors. The development of myopia in childhood is likely to be more dependent on genetic background. Candidate gene analysis, whole exome sequencing, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and subsequent metaanalyses have identified more than 400 loci that are associated with myopia.

Clinical practices on acute acquired comitant esotropia: A consensus statement proposed by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society.

Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is a concomitant strabismus characterized by sudden onset, mostly associated with diplopia. The prevalence of AACE has significantly increased, and various management approaches have been recommended in recent years. This study by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society aimed to provide an overview of the clinical features, etiology and the nonsurgical and surgical treatment recommendations for the condition to equip strabismus specialists with the most updated knowledge.

Low clinical activity score, 'progressive' thyroid eye disease: presentations of 1439 patients from a tertiary centre in Hong Kong.

Background: To report the presenting clinical, serological and treatment profiles of 1439 patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) from a tertiary centre in Hong Kong.

Study Populations: Consecutive patients with TED presented to the Thyroid Eye Clinic (TEC), the Chinese University of Hong Kong between 2014 and 2023.

Methods: Prospective cohort and masked review of medical records and orbital images.

Association of Metabolomics With Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The UK Biobank Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify serum metabolites associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) incidence and investigate whether metabolite profiles enhance AMD risk prediction.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study involving 240,317 UK Biobank participants, we assessed the associations of 168 metabolites with AMD incidence using Cox hazards models. Principal component analysis (PCA) captured 90% of the variance in metabolites.

Low-concentration atropine for controlling myopia onset and progression in East Asia.

Purpose: Over the past few years, there has been a rapid accumulation of data on the use of low-concentration atropine for myopia control, especially in East Asian children, with its effectiveness varying in different studies. This review aims to evaluate the current evidence surrounding the efficacy and safety of low-concentration atropine in the management of myopia onset and progression in East Asia.

Methods: Clinical trials involving atropine for myopia control in East Asia were reviewed.

Virtual Reality-based Infrared Pupillometry (VIP) for long COVID.

Objective: To evaluate the use of virtual reality-based infrared pupillometry (VIP) to detect individuals suffering long COVID.

Design: Prospective, case-control cross-sectional study.

Participants: Participants aged 20-60 were recruited from a community eye screening programme.

Effects of Physical Activity and Inactivity on Microvasculature in Children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical activity and inactivity on the microvasculature in children, as measured from retinal photographs.

Methods: All participants were from the Hong Kong Children Eye Study, a population-based cross-sectional study of children aged 6 to 8 years. They received comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and retinal photography.

Anti-VEGF treatment outcome prediction based on optical coherence tomography images in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using a deep neural network.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in developed countries, and the number of affected patients is increasing worldwide. Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are the standard therapy for neovascular AMD (nAMD), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a crucial tool for evaluating the anatomical condition of the macula. However, OCT has limitations in accurately predicting the degree of functional and morphological improvement following intravitreal injections.

GCN2-SLC7A11 axis coordinates autophagy, cell cycle and apoptosis and regulates cell growth in retinoblastoma upon arginine deprivation.

Background: Arginine deprivation was previously shown to inhibit retinoblastoma cell proliferation and induce cell death in vitro. However, the mechanisms by which retinoblastoma cells respond to arginine deprivation remain to be elucidated.

Methods: The human-derived retinoblastoma cell lines Y79 and WERI-Rb-1 were subjected to arginine depletion, and the effects on inhibiting cell growth and survival were evaluated.

COMPLEX MACULAR HOLE CLOSURE BY TEMPORAL INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP WITHOUT ENDOTAMPONADE.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and imaging features of a novel surgical technique without endotamponade in repairing complex macular hole (MH).

Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive cases with complex MH underwent pars plana vitrectomy with temporal internal limiting membrane flap, which was stabilized using perfluorocarbon liquid and viscoelastics. At the conclusion of surgery, perfluorocarbon liquid was removed, and no endotamponade agent would be used.

Applications of optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma: current status and future directions.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with its pathophysiology remaining inadequately understood. Among the various proposed theories, the vascular theory, suggesting a crucial role of retinal vasculature deterioration in glaucoma onset and progression, has gained significant attention. Traditional imaging techniques, such as fundus fluorescein angiography, are limited by their invasive nature, time consumption, and qualitative output, which restrict their efficacy in detailed retinal vessel examination.

Associations of genetic variants for refractive error and axial length in adults with ocular endophenotypes in children: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Aims: To investigate the associations of genetic variants previously linked to axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent refraction (SE) in adults with refractive error and related endophenotypes in children, at baseline and 3-year follow-up.

Methods: 15 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected from previous Genome-Wide Association Studies and meta-analyses, were genotyped in 2819 Chinese children, who had undergone baseline and 3-year follow-up cycloplegic refraction, ocular biometry and ocular health examinations. Linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations of the SNPs with baseline measurements and longitudinal changes in SE, spherical power (SPH), AL, corneal radius of curvature (CR) and AL/CR ratio.

Advances in understanding and management of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is an emerging, immune-mediated fibroinflammatory orbital disease, characterized by tumefactive lesions with noticeable IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration and distinctive pathohistological features. This disease is often associated with elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. IgG4-ROD may affect any ophthalmic tissues, particularly the lacrimal gland, extraocular muscles, and trigeminal nerves.

Randomized Controlled Trial on Silicone Intubation in Endoscopic Mechanical Dacryocystorhinostomy (SEND): An 11-year Outcome Report.

Purpose: To compare the long-term outcomes of mucosal-sparing mechanical endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (MMED) for primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) with or without silicone intubation.

Methods: An 11-year follow-up study of the Silicone intubation in Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy (SEND) randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted at a university-affiliated dacryology clinic from December 2019 to March 2023. Questionnaires on symptoms, anterior segment examination, endoscopic examination with functional endoscopic dye test (FEDT) and FICI grading, and ostial size measurements using software were performed by a masked ophthalmologist.

Heritability and Genetic Factors of Astigmatism and Corneal Curvature: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: To systematically review and meta-analyze all reported heritability studies of refractive astigmatism (RA), corneal astigmatism (CA) and corneal curvature (CC), and evaluate the existing genetic associations of RA, CA and CC.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023447370).

Methods: Studies that reported the heritability and genetic associations of RA, CA and/or CC were identified from PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE (from inception to October 1, 2023).

Association between vitamin D level and cataract: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The association between serum vitamin D level and cataract remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the association between vitamin D level and cataract.

Methods: In this study, articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched up to 30 August 2023 and 626 articles were screened.