Advancements in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review of Diagnostics, Management, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Patient Outcomes, Quality of Life, and Clinical Presentation.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder that impacts the gastrointestinal tract. Significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD have been made during the past few decades, improving patient outcomes. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.

Comparative Efficacy of Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin in Cancer-Associated Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Patients diagnosed with cancer often experience an abnormal occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its related complications. In order to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of both treatment approaches, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis within the realm of cancer-associated thromboembolism. A thorough search was conducted across PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to find studies comparing direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) for the treatment of VTE in patients with malignancy.

A Rare Case of Complete Cryptophthalmos and Suspected Fraser's Syndrome in a Female Neonate.

Cryptophthalmos is a rare congenital eye anomaly characterized by the absence of the palpebral fissure. Cryptophthalmos is often associated with Fraser's syndrome. We present a case of 3 days old female Asian neonate with complete unilateral cryptophthalmos, with the absence of a right eyelid.

Accessory heads of biceps brachii muscle its embryogenesis and clinical implications: Cadaveric study.

Background: Biceps brachii is an elongated two-headed fusiform muscle of the anterior compartment of the arm which crosses the shoulder as well as the elbow joint. It assists in flexion of the shoulder joint and elbow joint and powerful supinator of the forearm. It also assists in the abduction of the shoulder joint.

An extremely rare case of feeding jejunostomy proceeding to intussusception.

Key Clinical Message: Feeding jejunostomy (FJ) is one of the frequently performed surgical procedures for enteral nutrition, but intussusception a very rare complication with quite challenging clinical outcome. It symbolizes a surgical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis.

Abstract: Feeding jejunostomy (FJ) is a minor surgical intervention, which might lead to consequences that are potentially fatal.

A Comparative Study on the Shaping Ability and Cleaning Efficiency of Two Different Single-File Systems, Reciprocating Wave One Versus Continuous Rotation F360, Evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope: An In Vitro Study.

Background In endodontics, the three processes of biomechanical preparation, disinfection, and obturation are each essential. The electron microprobe and scanning electron microscope (SEM) allowed for the detection and identification of the smear layer and debris. The purpose of the current investigation was to use a scanning electron microscope to evaluate the relative merits of two single-file systems, the reciprocating WaveOne and the continuous motion F360 files, in the cleaning and contouring of root canals in removed teeth.

Management of tendinopathies among south Indians using collagen II peptide, glucosamine and vitamin C.

Tendinopathy is a multi-factorial, broad spectrum of tendon disorder, characterized by activity-related chronic tendon pain and local tenderness. The point of this study was to assess the adequacy of a nutritional supplement containing Glucosamine, type II collagen and vitamin C on the clinical and auxiliary advancement of tendinopathies. The prospective study was Hospital based randomized control trail comparing the efficacy of collage 2 peptide, glucosamine and vitamin c with placebo in various tendinopathies.

END TB initiative - involving youth - challenges and solutions.

WHO has given a special call to involve youth in END TB initiative. Involvement of youth, especially in the medical fraternity, in the TB control activities can ensure we reach our goal of ending TB in India by 2025. This study was planned to recruit and monitor young volunteers from medical colleges of Andhra Pradesh.

Congenital granular cell tumor in a 2-day-old infant-An unusual situation of a dental emergency.

Congenital granular cell tumor (CGCT) in newborns is a rare tumor occurring in the oral cavity, leading to difficulty in breast-feeding, mouth closure, and even respiration. This is rarely diagnosed perinatally and may be confused with a wide range of congenital, benign, or malignant growths during the clinical examination. The CGCT may be studied by ultrasonography to get a positive affirmation on the clinical diagnosis and, for basic pre-surgical guidance before excision.

Ophthalmic Complications in Maxillofacial Trauma: A Prospective Study.

Objectives: To determine the incidence and types of ophthalmic complications associated with maxillofacial trauma over a period of 24 months.

Methods: An institutional prospective study was conducted on 62 patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma to study the correlation between facial trauma and ophthalmic complications.

Results: Road traffic accidents were reported to be the primary etiologic factor for most trauma cases studied.

Clinical Epidemiology and Predictors of Outcome in Chlorpyrifos Poisoning in Farming and Allied Agricultural Workers in East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh.

Background: Chlorpyrifos is the ninth most consumed pesticide for agricultural purposes in India. It is a chlorinated organophosphate that also causes poisoning in non-target species such as humans. There is a scarcity of published literature on chlorpyrifos intoxication in the Indian scenario.

Monkeypox Epidemic: A Throwback From Smallpox Eradication.

The emergence of microbial diseases has become a major concern for humans. In the recent past, we have noticed the emergence and re-emergence of several microbes that include coronaviruses (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus {SARS-CoV}, Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus {MERS-CoV}, SARS-CoV-2), and others like Zika virus, Nipah virus, Influenza virus, and Ebola virus. These microbes have been noted to spill over from animals into humans.

A Rare Case of Plexiform Schwannoma of the Little Finger and Its Management: A Case Report.

Schwannomas are tumors of the Schwann cells found in the myelin sheath. They cause 5% of all benign soft-tissue cancers, occur equally in males and females, and occur later in life. Since they remain asymptomatic, diagnosing and treating them becomes challenging; current guidelines recommend imaging followed by excision.

Caffeine: What Is Its Role in Pain Medicine?

Caffeine is the world's most widely used psychoactive legal substance. The involvement of caffeine in pain management has gotten minimal attention in the past, but it is getting more attention now. This article provides a brief assessment of the literature to clarify the role of caffeine as a pain reliever and stimulate the interest of researchers.

A Rare Case of Thromboangiitis Obliterans of Bilateral Upper Extremities in an Adult Male.

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) also known as Buerger's disease is a nonatherosclerotic vasculitis that is more common in adult male smokers. TAO predominantly affects lower extremities, however, cases with bilateral upper extremities involvement are a rare entity and difficult to manage. Symptoms of the disease mostly mimic that of acute ischemia of the limb.

Molecular docking analysis of beta-caryophyllene with IRS-1, cSrc and Akt.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic illness defined by hyperglycemia caused by insufficient production or absent of pancreatic insulin, with or without concomitant insulin action impairment. Hence, novel problem-solving approaches for assessing early metabolic diseases, notably insulin resistance, are urgently needed. Screening of natural compounds for drug discovery to combat diabetes is common in modern medical research and development.

Multiple-choice questions in assessment: Perceptions of medical students from low-resource setting.

Background: In curriculum reforms under Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) introduced by the National Medical Commission, medical students are recognized as one of the stake holders. The well-designed multiple-choice questions (MCQs) help students in assessment as well as promote deep learning. The objective of this study is to assess the perceptions of the Indian medical students towards the examination patterns in their undergraduate curriculum with particular reference to MCQs.

Effect of β-Caryophyllene on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high fat diet and fructose-induced type-2 diabetic rats.

High fat diet feeding results in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, which is a major pathological feature of type-2 diabetes mellitus. The use of oral hypoglycaemic drugs is limited due to its deleterious side effects and there is a need to find more efficacious agents for diabetes management. Hence, it is of interest to show the mechanism of action of β-Caryophyllene on insulin signalling molecules in gastrocnemius muscle of high fat diet - induced type-2 diabetic rats.

Consecutive Hits of COVID-19 in India: The Mystery of Plummeting Cases and Current Scenario.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related pandemic has been in existence for almost 2 years now after its possible emergence from a wet market in the city of Wuhan of the Chinese mainland. Evidence of the emergence and transmission of this virus was attributed to bats and pangolins. The causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread globally, affecting humans considerably with its current death toll to be over 4.

False-Negative RT-PCR Findings and Double Mutant Variant as Factors of an Overwhelming Second Wave of COVID-19 in India: an Emerging Global Health Disaster.

RT-PCR is considered to be the standard gold diagnostic test for detecting COVID-19 causing SARS-CoV-2. Recent reports and recent pieces of evidence from scientific literature, however, tell a different story. There have been speculations of SARS-CoV-2 escaping the RT-PCR because of the series of mutations it has gone through.

Impacted Fish Bone in Buccal Space Associated with an Abscess: Role of Point-of-care Ultrasonography in Dental Emergencies.

Fish bone impaction in buccal space abscess is an uncommon dental scenario. A case of young adult with partially edentulous state contributing to this emergency is presented. The history, clinical imaging findings, surgical procedure, and checklist for clinical assessment are briefly described.