Peripheral nerve catheters: A critical review of the efficacy.

Continuous peripheral nerve blocks are commonly used for postoperative analgesia after surgery. However, catheter failure may occur due to either primary (incorrect insertion) or secondary reasons (displacement, obstruction, disconnection). Catheter failure results in unanticipated pain, need for opioid use, and risk of readmission or delay in hospital discharge.

Acute Awake Fiberoptic Intubation in the ICU in a Patient with Limited Mouth Opening and Hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure.

The incidence and survival of patients with head-and-neck cancer have been on the increase for decades. Following surgery or radiation therapy, complications such as difficult airways may evolve. These difficult airways may be unique and not manageable with conventional intubation methods as well as video laryngoscopes.

Diabetes and risk of peripheral artery disease in patients undergoing first-time coronary angiography between 2000 and 2012 - a nationwide study.

Background: The risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important and inadequately addressed issue. Our aim is to examine the impact of DM on risk of PAD in patients with different degrees of CAD characterized by coronary angiography (CAG).

Methods: Using nationwide registers we identified all patients aged ≥18 years, undergoing first time CAG between 2000 and 2012.

Identifying Technical Procedures in Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology That Should Be Integrated in a Simulation-Based Curriculum: A National General Needs Assessment in Denmark.

Background: Simulation-based training is emerging within the orthopaedic field to alleviate the challenges that trainees face such as work-hour restrictions, limited exposure to procedures, and increasing pressures to reduce risk to patients. This training modality has grown increasingly popular over the last 2 decades. However, integration into the curriculum often fails to follow a structured educational plan.

Perceptions of Ethical Decision-Making Climate Among Clinicians Working in European and U.S. ICUs: Differences Between Nurses and Physicians.

Objectives: To examine perceptions of nurses and physicians in regard to ethical decision-making climate in the ICU and to test the hypothesis that the worse the ethical decision-making climate, the greater the discordance between nurses' and physicians' rating of ethical decision-making climate with physicians hypothesized to rate the climate better than the nurses.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: A total of 68 adult ICUs in 13 European countries and the United States.

The Effect of Overweight and Obesity on Liver Biochemical Markers in Children and Adolescents.

Background: Elevated plasma concentrations of liver enzymes are routinely used as markers of liver injury in adults and children. Currently, the age- and sex-specific effects of adiposity on pediatric liver enzyme concentrations are unclear.

Methods: We included participants from 2 cohorts of Danish children and adolescents: 1858 from a population-based cohort and 2155 with overweight or obesity, aged from 6 to 18 years.

Prescription of antimicrobials in primary health care as a marker to identify people living with undiagnosed HIV infection, Denmark, 1998 to 2016.

BackgroundDevelopment of additional diagnostic strategies for earlier HIV diagnosis are needed as approximately 50% of newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals continue to present late for HIV care.AimWe aimed to analyse antimicrobial consumption in the 3 years preceding HIV diagnosis, assess whether there was a higher consumption in those diagnosed with HIV compared with matched controls and whether the level of consumption was associated with the risk of HIV infection.MethodsWe conducted a nested case-control study, identifying all individuals (n = 2,784 cases) diagnosed with HIV in Denmark from 1998 to 2016 and 13 age-and sex-matched population controls per case (n = 36,192 controls) from national registers.

The impact of an orthogeriatric intervention in patients with fragility fractures: a cohort study.

Background: While orthogeriatric care to patients with hip fractures is established, the impact of similar intervention in patients with fragility fractures in general is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of an orthogeriatric intervention on postoperative complications and readmissions among patients admitted due to and surgically treated for fragility fractures.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study with a retrospective control was designed.

Major Amputation Rates in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease Aged 50 Years and Over in Denmark during the period 1997-2014 and their Relationship with Demographics, Risk Factors, and Vascular Services.

Objective: The aim of this nationwide study was to provide insight into the incidence and geographical distribution of vascular services and major amputations in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in Denmark.

Methods: The incidence of major amputation caused by PAD was investigated by linking data from population based healthcare and administrative databases. The study period was divided into three parts, i.

Fracture-induced changes in biomarkers CTX, PINP, OC, and BAP-a systematic review.

To assess the time from fracture until bone turnover markers (BTM), which are biochemical markers reflecting in vivo bone formation and resorptive activity, have returned to a stable level since BTM have been shown to be at least as good as bone mineral density in monitoring the effect of anti-resorptive treatment in osteoporosis. This study searched for articles in PUBMED, CINAHL, Medline, EM-BASE, and Cochrane, and identified 3486 unique articles. These articles were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Proof of concept: used malaria rapid diagnostic tests applied for parallel sequencing for surveillance of molecular markers of anti-malarial resistance in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau during 2014-2017.

Background: Large-scale surveillance of molecular markers of anti-malarial drug resistance is an attractive method of resistance monitoring, to complement therapeutic efficacy studies in settings where the latter are logistically challenging.

Methods: Between 2014 and 2017, this study sampled malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), used in routine clinical care, from two health centres in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. In order to obtain epidemiological insights, RDTs were collected together with patient data on age and sex.

Road bike accidents involving cervical fractures presenting as cardiac arrest: a report of two cases.

We present two cases in which elderly male recreational cyclists suffered from cervical fractures and coinciding injuries of the spinal cord that subsequently led to cardiac arrest.Based on reports from eye witnesses and due to the low impact nature of the crashes, the two patients were initially considered as having cardiac arrest before falling of their bikes.The spinal cord injuries triggering cardiac arrest were acknowledged with delay, as the primary eliciting cause was considered cardiac disease in conjunction with all-out exercise.

Treatment of newly-diagnosed gastroesophageal reflux disease: a nationwide register-based cohort study.

The aim of this study was to describe short-term treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients registered with a GERD-diagnosis as part of evaluation with endoscopy using national Danish registers. The study population included all adults undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Denmark from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2015, who within 90 days received a diagnosis of GERD. We obtained nationwide data from The National Patient Registry on procedures (endoscopy and anti-reflux surgery) and diagnosis (GERD diagnosis and comorbidity), The Danish National Prescription Registry on the use of anti-reflux medication and ulcerogenic drugs, and The National Civil Registry on death and civil status.

The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA): 25 years later.

The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) was launched in 1993 under the auspices of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA, and the World Health Organization to produce a global strategy on asthma management and prevention. Now constituted as a non-profit entity, it continues to produce, on an annual basis, the most widely cited evidence-based report on the optimal management of asthma in both adults and children intended for global use. Although the GINA Report is often viewed and used as an asthma treatment guideline, it is designed to be a clinically oriented strategy document that supports the development of practice guidelines in different countries and regions.

Rate and predictors for non-attendance of patients undergoing hospital outpatient treatment for chronic diseases: a register-based cohort study.

Background: Failure to keep medical appointments results in inefficiencies and, potentially, in poor outcomes for patients. The aim of this study is to describe non-attendance rate and to investigate predictors of non-attendance among patients receiving hospital outpatient treatment for chronic diseases.

Methods: We conducted a historic, register-based cohort study using data from a regional hospital and included patients aged 18 years or over who were registered in ongoing outpatient treatment courses for seven selected chronic diseases on July 1, 2013.

Predicting respiratory distress syndrome at birth using fast test based on spectroscopy of gastric aspirates. 1. Biochemical part.

Aim: To develop a fast bedside lung maturity test.

Methods: Gastric aspirates obtained from premature infants contain lamellar bodies, carrying lung surfactant. To estimate lung maturity, we isolated lamellar bodies from fresh gastric aspirates by centrifugation.

Allergic sensitization among Danish infants at 13 months of age.

Background: Sensitization means elevated number of specific immunoglobulin E, either measured by skin prick test or in blood samples. Sensitization is associated with, but not synonymous with, allergic disease.

Methods: The Danish Calmette Study was conducted from 2012 to 2015 at three Danish hospitals, with the aim of exploring nonspecific effects of neonatal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination.

Glucose metabolism in children and adolescents: Population-based reference values and comparisons to children and adolescents enrolled in obesity treatment.

Background: Alterations in glucose metabolism that lead to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease may begin already in childhood.

Objective: This study aims to generate pediatric age and sex-specific reference values for fasting concentrations of glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, C-peptide, and homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in Danish/North-European white children and adolescents from a population-based cohort and to compare values from children and adolescents with overweight/obesity with this reference.

Methods: The population- and obesity clinic-based cohorts consisted of 2451 and 1935 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of age.

Predicting respiratory distress syndrome at birth using a fast test based on spectroscopy of gastric aspirates: 2. Clinical part.

Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of our new rapid point-of-care (POC) test for lung maturity. The method as we describe in an accompanying article was developed with the purpose of improving the outcome from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The test enables the delivery of surfactant in infants with immature lungs already at birth and ensures that infants with mature lungs are not treated unnecessarily.

Prevalence and potential risk factors for gastrointestinal parasitic infections in children in urban Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of GI parasitic infections in children from Bissau, Guinea-Bissau and to identify the possible risk factors for these infections.

Methods: We performed an observational study on two comparable cohorts of children 2-15 y of age: one study covering health care-seeking children (n=748) and one study covering children from the background population (n=851).

Global Initiative for Asthma 2016-derived asthma control with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol: A Gaining Optimal Asthma Control (GOAL) study reanalysis.

Background: In 2004, the landmark Gaining Optimal Asthma Control (GOAL) study demonstrated that most patients can achieve asthma control through sustained treatment and that adding a long-acting β-adrenoreceptor agonist to an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is more effective than ICS alone in this regard. Definitions of asthma control have since evolved, and the consequent implications for the GOAL study findings are unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol and fluticasone propionate alone in achieving and maintaining asthma control, as derived from the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2016 report.

Hip-fracture osteosynthesis training: exploring learning curves and setting proficiency standards.

Background and purpose - Orthopedic surgeons must be able to perform internal fixation of proximal femoral fractures early in their career, but inexperienced trainees prolong surgery and cause increased reoperation rates. Simulation-based virtual reality (VR) training has been proposed to overcome the initial steep part of the learning curve but it is unknown how much simulation training is necessary before trainees can progress to supervised surgery on patients. We determined characteristics of learning curves for novices and experts and a pass/fail mastery-learning standard for junior trainees was established.