Plasma uric acid levels and risk of dementia in a population-based cohort study.

Background: Given the opposing properties of uric acid (UA), which are intracellular prooxidant action and extracellular antioxidant action, the association of circulating UA levels with dementia remains controversial. We aimed to ascertain whether both lower and higher plasma UA levels are associated with the risk of incident dementia among middle-aged and older population.

Methods: 1685 participants (530 men and 1155 women) aged 40-69 years at baseline (1990-1993) were randomly selected for plasma UA measurement from base cohort participants who responded to the baseline questionnaire and provided blood samples.

Association Between Oral Malodor and Dementia: An 11-Year Follow-Up Study in Japan.

Background: As infrequent social interaction is a potential risk of dementia, oral malodor may increase the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: This study investigated the association between malodor and dementia.

Methods: We used the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study data obtained at Yokote City.

Association of depressive symptoms with incident fractures: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation (JPHC-NEXT).

Unlabelled: This 5-year longitudinal study investigated the relationship between depressive symptoms and fracture risk in a large Japanese cohort. Depressive symptoms were a significant risk factor for hip fractures in women.

Purpose: A relationship between depressive symptoms and fractures has not been clearly demonstrated.

Collaboration between a cis-interacting natural killer cell receptor and membrane sphingolipid is critical for the phagocyte function.

Inhibitory natural killer (NK) cell receptors recognize MHC class I (MHC-I) in on target cells and suppress cytotoxicity. Some NK cell receptors recognize MHC-I in , but the role of this interaction is uncertain. Ly49Q, an atypical Ly49 receptor expressed in non-NK cells, binds MHC-I in and mediates chemotaxis of neutrophils and type I interferon production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells.

Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk of Disabling Dementia: Japan Public Health Center Disabling Dementia Study.

Background: Fruits and vegetables contain abundant amounts of antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C, α-carotene, and β-carotene. Few prospective observational studies have investigated the effects of fruit and vegetable intake on the risk of dementia, and the results are inconsistent.

Objectives: Our aim was to examine associations between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of disabling dementia.

Relation between a history of glaucoma and subjective happiness: the JPHC-Next study.

Objective: This population-based, cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the relationship between a history of glaucoma and subjective happiness.

Methods And Analysis: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of 92 397 Japanese men and women aged 40-74 who participated in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation study. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the ORs of glaucoma associated with subjective happiness and their two-sided 95% CIs.

Sleep duration, its change, and risk of dementia among Japanese: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.

Objective: Previous findings on the association between sleep duration, changes in sleep duration, and long-term dementia risk were mixed. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between midlife sleep duration, its change, and dementia.

Methods: We recruited 41,731 Japanese (40-71 years) and documented their habitual sleep duration at baseline (1990-1994) and a 5-year follow-up survey.

Body mass index, weight change in midlife, and dementia incidence: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study.

Introduction: Insufficient evidence exists on the sex-specific associations of body mass index (BMI) and weight change through midlife with dementia incidence, especially in Asian populations.

Methods: For 37,414 Japanese residents aged 40 to 59 years, BMIs at baseline (year 1990 or 1993) and 10-year follow-ups were obtained. Weight changes between baseline and 10-year follow-ups were determined.

Association Between Birth Weight and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Other Lifestyle-related Diseases Among the Japanese Population: The JPHC-NEXT Study.

Background: An association between birth weight and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood has been observed in many countries; however, only a few studies have been conducted in Asian populations.

Methods: We used data from the baseline survey (2011-2016) of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation Cohort, which included 114,105 participants aged 40-74 years. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from the prevalence of present and past histories of CVD and other lifestyle-related diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and gout, by birth weight, using Poisson regression.

Perceived Level of Life Enjoyment and Risk of Developing Disabling Dementia: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Study.

Objectives: Life enjoyment, linked to the ability to engage pleasurably with one's environment, may be related to the risk of developing dementia. This prospective cohort study examined the association between level of life enjoyment and disabling dementia incidence among Japanese community residents.

Methods: The participants were Japanese, aged 45-74 years old at 5-years follow-up, in the Japan Public Health Center-based Study (N = 38,660).

Bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, and risk of disabling dementia: a population-based cohort study in Japan.

Objectives: This population-based study aimed to evaluate the association between bowel habits from midlife and dementia.

Study Design: This was a cohort study using certification records for national long-term care insurance in Japan.

Methods: Participants aged 50 to 79 years who reported bowel habits from eight districts within the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study) were followed from 2006 to 2016 for incident dementia.

Adult-onset depletion of sulfatide leads to axonal degeneration with relative myelin sparing.

3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide (sulfatide) constitutes a class of sphingolipids that comprise about 4% of myelin lipids in the central nervous system. Previously, our group characterized a mouse with sulfatide's synthesizing enzyme, cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST), constitutively disrupted. Using these mice, we demonstrated that sulfatide is required for establishment and maintenance of myelin, axoglial junctions, and axonal domains and that sulfatide depletion results in structural pathologies commonly observed in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

Dietary diversity and risk of late-life disabling dementia in middle-aged and older adults.

Background & Aims: A balanced diet integrating several foods and nutrients may promote the maintenance of brain function. Previous studies have substantiated the above hypothesis in the regional population in Japan. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of dietary diversity on the risk of disabling dementia in a nationwide large-scale cohort of the Japanese population.

Alcohol consumption from midlife and risk of disabling dementia in a large population-based cohort study in Japan.

Objectives: The association between alcohol consumption and dementia in Japanese is poorly understood, and use of single-point alcohol assessment may cause measurement error. We explored this association in Japanese using repeated alcohol assessments.

Methods: Participants in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study) since 1990 and who were alive in 2006 were followed from 2006 until 2016 for dementia ascertainment.

Proximity Labeling and Proteomics: Get to Know Neighbors.

Protein-protein interactions are essential in biological reactions and fundamental to cell-cell communication (e.g., the binding of secreted proteins, such as hormones, to cell membrane receptors) and the subsequent intracellular signal transduction cascade.

Soy product intake and risk of incident disabling dementia: the JPHC Disabling Dementia Study.

Purpose: We evaluated the association between total soy, soy product (natto, miso and tofu) and isoflavone intake and incident disabling dementia in a Japanese population.

Methods: We conducted a population-based prospective study in 18,991 men and 22,456 women. Intake of soy products and isoflavone was calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire when participants were 45-74 years old (1995 and 1998).

Hobby Engagement and Risk of Disabling Dementia.

Background: The association between hobby engagement and risk of dementia reported from a short-term follow-up study for individuals aged ≥65 years may be susceptible to reverse causation. We examined the association between hobby engagement in age of 40-69 years and risk of dementia in a long-term follow-up study among Japanese, including individuals in mid-life, when the majority of individuals have normal cognitive function.

Methods: A total of 22,377 individuals aged 40-69 years completed a self-administered questionnaire in 1993-1994.

Associations of sleep duration with the incidence of needed support/long-term care certification according to presence or absence of sleep complaints in community-dwelling Japanese older adults.

Background: Evidence on the variability of associations between sleep duration and incident disability according to the presence or absence of sleep complaints is limited. This study assessed the associations between sleep durations and disability incidence stratified by the presence or absence of sleep complaints.

Methods: A total of 3,896 community-dwelling Japanese adults aged ≥65 years were observed for 37 months after the self-reporting of sleep duration and sleep complaints.

Sulfatide with ceramide composed of phytosphingosine (t18:0) and 2-hydroxy FAs in renal intercalated cells.

Diverse molecular species of sulfatide with differences in FA lengths, unsaturation degrees, and hydroxylation statuses are expressed in the kidneys. However, the physiological functions of specific sulfatide species in the kidneys are unclear. Here, we evaluated the distribution of specific sulfatide species in the kidneys and their physiological functions.

Association Between Physical Activity and Risk of Disabling Dementia in Japan.

Importance: The associations of daily total physical activity and total moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with dementia are still unclear.

Objective: To investigate the association between daily total physical activity and subsequent risk of disabling dementia in large-scale, extended follow-up prospective study.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study used data from questionnaires collected between 2000 and 2003 from 8 areas from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Disabling Dementia Study.

18FDG PET-Positive Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation Mimicking Lung Cancer.

Adult cases of type 2 congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) are extremely rare, and no PET/CT findings have been reported for CPAM. We encountered a case of 18FDG PET-positive CPAM mimicking lung cancer in a 45-year-old asymptomatic man. CT revealed a large cavitary mass in the left lower lobe.