Spatial signatures of anesthesia-induced burst-suppression differ between primates and rodents.

During deep anesthesia, the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal of the brain alternates between bursts of activity and periods of relative silence (suppressions). The origin of burst-suppression and its distribution across the brain remain matters of debate. In this work, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map the brain areas involved in anesthesia-induced burst-suppression across four mammalian species: humans, long-tailed macaques, common marmosets, and rats.

[Therapy Developments in Alzheimer's Disease].

The development of new therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease is a focus of global drug discovery. Research is being conducted into more potent therapies for symptomatic treatment, particularly for behavioral disturbances, but also into drugs that intervene in the pathophysiology of the disease, with the aim of halting or at least slowing the progression of the disease. To this end, the focus of identifying people with Alzheimer's disease is shifting to stages of pre-dementia such as that of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), almost synonymous with prodromal AD, or even to asymptomatic stages.

Prostatic Artery Embolization for Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Markov Model-Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether prostatic artery embolization (PAE) can be considered a long-term cost-effective treatment option in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia in comparison to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Methods: The in-hospital costs of PAE and TURP in the United States were obtained from a recent cost analysis. Clinical outcomes including nature and rate of adverse events for TURP and PAE along with rates of retreatment because of complications or clinical failure were obtained from peer-reviewed literature.

SARS-CoV-2 and neurodegenerative diseases: what we know and what we don't.

Infection of the CNS with the SARS-CoV-2 can occur via different routes and results in para- or post-infectious manifestations with a variety of neurological symptoms. In patients with neurodegenerative diseases, SARS-CoV-2 is often associated with a higher fatality rate, which is a relevant problem in increasingly older populations. Apart from the direct consequences of an infection in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, indirect consequences of the pandemic such as limited access to care facilities and treatment have negative effects on the course of these chronic disorders.

Macrophages direct cancer cells through a LOXL2-mediated metastatic cascade in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Objective: The lysyl oxidase-like protein 2 (LOXL2) contributes to tumour progression and metastasis in different tumour entities, but its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been evaluated in immunocompetent in vivo PDAC models.

Design: Towards this end, we used PDAC patient data sets, patient-derived xenograft in vivo and in vitro models, and four conditional genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMS) to dissect the role of LOXL2 in PDAC. For GEMM-based studies, ; ; mice (KPC) and the ; mice (KC) were crossed with allele floxed mice ( ) or conditional overexpressing mice (R26 ) to generate KPCL2 or KCL2 and KPCL2 or KCL2 mice, which were used to study overall survival; tumour incidence, burden and differentiation; metastases; epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT); stemness and extracellular collagen matrix (ECM) organisation.

[Resection Strategies in BD-IPMN - Enucleation or Standard Resection?].

Background: The malignant potential and the surgical management of branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) remain controversial. Enucleation (EN), as parenchyma-sparing resections of the pancreas, may be a valuable alternative to standard resections (SR), e.g.

[Surgical Therapy of Malignant Lung and Chest Wall Tumours in Children].

Primary lung and chest wall tumours as well as lung metastases are rare diseases in children. As part of multimodal cancer treatment, thoracic surgery can significantly improve survival in children suffering from paediatric solid tumours. The aim of the review article is to summarise the indications and the current surgical treatment options for malignant chest wall and lung tumours as well as to shed light on the current role of pulmonary metastasectomy in children.

[Important recommendations of the German-Austrian S3 guidelines on management of extracranial carotid artery stenosis].

Background: Lesions of the extracranial carotid artery are the cause of 10-15 % of all cases of cerebral ischemia. The aims of the updated S3 guidelines are evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for action on comprehensive care of patients with extracranial carotid stenosis in Germany and Austria.

Methods: A systematic literature search (1990-2019) and methodical assessment of existing guidelines and systematic reviews were carried out.

Electrospun and 3D printed polymeric materials for one-stage critical-size long bone defect regeneration inspired by the Masquelet technique: Recent Advances.

Critical-size long bone defects represent one of the major causes of fracture non-union and remain a significant challenge in orthopaedic surgery. Two-stage procedures such as a Masquelet technique demonstrate high level of success however their main disadvantage is the need for a second surgery, which is required to remove the non-resorbable cement spacer and to place the bone graft into the biological chamber formed by the 'induced membrane'. Recent research efforts have therefore been dedicated towards the design, fabrication and testing of resorbable implants that could mimic the biological functions of the cement spacer and the induced membrane.

RAY-POS: a LIDAR-based assistance system for intraoperative repositioning of mobile C-arms without external aids.

Purpose: In current clinical practice, intraoperative repositioning of mobile C-arms is challenging due to a lack of visual cues and efficient guiding tools. This can be detrimental to the surgical workflow and lead to additional radiation burdens for both patient and personnel. To overcome this problem, we present our novel approach Lidar-based X-ray Positioning for Mobile C-arms (RAY-POS) for assisting circulating nurses during intraoperative C-arm repositioning without requiring external aids.

Validity and reliability of the German multidimensional fatigue inventory in spinal muscular atrophy.

Objective: Fatigue is a common and burdensome symptom of spinal muscular atrophy. Given its complex interactions, different dimensions of fatigue need to be investigated. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory is a widely used instrument that captures five distinct dimensions.

The clinical day at CARS: philosophy, strategy, and the future.

Purpose: For over three decades, the Computer-Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS) International Congress and Exhibition has provided a forum for the presentation of innovations in computer applications in radiology, medicine, and surgery. A unique feature of the CARS meetings is the interplay between scientists, engineers, and physicians. Since 2007, a Clinical Day program was introduced to the Congress highlighting the practical applications of new technology within the context of clinical medical and surgical practice.

CT-like images in MRI improve specificity of erosion detection in patients with hand arthritis: a diagnostic accuracy study with CT as standard of reference.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), standard T1-weighted (T1w) images and high-resolution 3D-gradient echo sequences (volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE)) for detection of erosions in patients with peripheral arthritis using CT as standard of reference.

Materials And Methods: A total of 36 patients were included in the study. All patients underwent CT and MRI, including SWI, VIBE and T1w sequences of the clinically more affected hand.

[WALANT - Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet: Complications in elective and acute traumatological Hand Surgery Procedures].

Introduction: The WALANT (Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet) technique has rapidly gained popularity. The advantages are often described, whereas information about complications is rare. Therefore, we followed up on our own patients regarding complications.

Does molar distalization by the Beneslider have skeletal and dental impacts? A prospective 3D analysis.

Objective: The study aimed to clarify (1) the effect of the Beneslider distalization appliance on maxillary molars (M1+2), (2) the type of tooth movement, and (3) changes in skeletal parameters.

Study Design: Dental distalization paths and transversal changes were measured according to the distance of the pterygoid vertical as well as on the virtualized 3D plaster model.

Results: Distalization of the second premolar (P2; T1 - T2) was 2.

Cancer Risks Associated With and Pathogenic Variants.

Purpose: To provide precise age-specific risk estimates of cancers other than female breast and ovarian cancers associated with pathogenic variants (PVs) in and for effective cancer risk management.

Methods: We used data from 3,184 and 2,157 families in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of to estimate age-specific relative (RR) and absolute risks for 22 first primary cancer types adjusting for family ascertainment.

Results: PVs were associated with risks of male breast (RR = 4.

[Imaging of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma : Reliable diagnosis according to the new S3 guideline].

The S3 guideline on hepatocellular carcinoma has been expanded to include malignant biliary carcinoma (synonym cholangiocarcinoma [CCA]). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with additional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is the imaging modality of choice to evaluate local findings. Use of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-based contrast agent increases its diagnostic value.

[Effect of low-dose PDT on perfusion of the choriocapillaris in cCSCR : An OCT-angiography-based study].

Background: In patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSCR) it is assumed that low-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces short-term hypoperfusion of the choriocapillaris, which leads to long-term choroidal vascular remodeling and subsequent reduction of vascular hyperpermeability and leakage; however, it remains unclear whether the hypoperfusion completely returns to normal. The main aim of the retrospective study was to analyze the choroidal flow signal after treatment with low-dose PDT by optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT‑A).

Patients And Methods: In this study 16 eyes with a total of 19 treated areas were included.

The Eye Van - An Evaluation of the Quality of Care of Visually Impaired People in the Rural Areas of South Baden.

Background: Especially in rural areas, access of visually impaired people to ophthalmic care and counselling can be limited. The Eye Van is a project supported by the Ministry for Rural Affairs and Consumer Protection Baden-Württemberg which offers visually impaired people an on-the-spot ophthalmological examination and counselling on low-vision aids and social support services. The aim of this project was to evaluate the quality of care provided to visually impaired people in the rural areas of South Baden.

[RECUR - Establishment of An Automated Digital Registry for Patients with Recurrent Stones in the Upper Urinary Tract].

Kidney stones, like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus, affect a large number of people. Patients suffer from acute pain, repeated hospitalizations and associated secondary diseases, such as arterial hypertension and renal insufficiency. This results in considerable costs for the society and its health care system.