[Exercise testing in top athletes].

Exercise testing is an essential part of the annual sports medical check-up for competitive athletes. The aim of the examination is to assess the current health status and to perform medical clearance for competitive sports. In addition, assessment of intraindividual changes over time, interindividual comparisons, and determination of training recommendations are of interest.

[Laryngeal-preservation surgery in laryngeal cancer].

After oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer is the third most common malignant tumor in the head and neck region. According to the current German S3 guideline on the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of laryngeal cancer, larynx-preserving surgical interventions are part of the standard treatment of this disease, even in advanced tumor stages. However, in order to achieve the desired function-preserving effect, an exact indication is of crucial importance.

[Reliable diagnosis of implant rotation in high-resolution ultrasound depending on the implant manufacturer].

Rotation of an anatomical breast implant may require revisional surgery. High-resolution ultrasound can help determine the exact implant alignment. However, the directional markings of anatomical implants are implemented very inconsistently by manufacturers.

[Digitalization and telerehabilitation].

Digitalization and digitization are becoming increasingly more important in medicine. Processes are being optimized and data are being digitally recorded, analyzed and archived. Although there is still a comparatively large need to catch up in Germany, we are on a solid transformation path.

[German S1 Guideline Long-/Post-COVID].

The German Society of Pneumology initiated 2021 the AWMF S1 guideline Long COVID/Post-COVID. In a broad interdisciplinary approach, this S1 guideline was designed based on the current state of knowledge.The clinical recommendations describe current Long COVID/Post-COVID symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies.

[Value of immunotherapy in the perioperative treatment of localized muscle invasive bladder cancer].

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are standard of care in the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced urothelial cancer. Their use in perioperative treatment is currently under investigation as monotherapy as well as in combination with chemotherapy or radiation regimens. This article provides an overview of recent trials, current data as well as an outlook on future developments in the perioperative management of urothelial cancer.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing excludes significant disease in patients recovering from COVID-19.

Objective: Post-COVID-19 syndrome presents a health and economic challenge affecting ~10% of patients recovering from COVID-19. Accurate assessment of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome is complicated by health anxiety and coincident symptomatic autonomic dysfunction. We sought to determine whether either symptoms or objective cardiopulmonary exercise testing could predict clinically significant findings.

NIK/MAP3K14 in hepatocytes orchestrates NASH to hepatocellular carcinoma progression via JAK2/STAT5 inhibition.

Objective: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which often progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through a largely undefined mechanism. NASH and HCC depend on inflammatory signaling, whose master regulator is the NFκB transcription factor family, activated by canonical and non-canonical pathways.

Methods: Here, we investigated non-canonical NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK/MAP3K14) in metabolic NASH, NASH to HCC transition, and DEN-induced HCC.

[Differences in Area Specific Life Satisfaction Between East and West Germans in the Years 1991, 2006 and 2020].

Research: Question How did the general and area specific life satisfaction evolve between East and West Germany between 1991 and 2020?

Methods: Based on three representative surveys in the years 1991, 2006 and 2020 life satisfaction between East and West Germany was examined using mean comparison with tests of significance. The influence of relevant sociodemographic variables was calculated using Univariate Variance Analyses.

Results: 1991 large differences in the general life satisfaction as well as with satisfaction in the areas of living, spare time, health, finances and occupational did occur, with people in East Germany reporting to be less satisfied.

PET scatter estimation using deep learning U-Net architecture.

Positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction needs to be corrected for scatter in order to produce quantitatively accurate images. Scatter correction is traditionally achieved by incorporating an estimated scatter sinogram into the forward model during image reconstruction. Existing scatter estimated methods compromise between accuracy and computing time.

Copy number variants as modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers.

The contribution of germline copy number variants (CNVs) to risk of developing cancer in individuals with pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 variants remains relatively unknown. We conducted the largest genome-wide analysis of CNVs in 15,342 BRCA1 and 10,740 BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. We used these results to prioritise a candidate breast cancer risk-modifier gene for laboratory analysis and biological validation.

[Sex- and Regionalspecific Differences in Child Abuse and Violence Before the German Reunification. Results from GESA, a Multi-Cohort Study].

Results from a population-based study suggest sex-specific patterns of self-reported child maltreatment, more frequently reported in former West than East Germany. Aim of the current study was to examine these patterns in two regional samples of the former East- (SHIP, 2008 - 2012) and West German (KORA, 2013 - 2014) population. Child maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS).

Holistic temporal order judgment of tones requires top-down disentanglement.

How temporal sequence gets organized is a central topic in cognitive processing. In a high-frequency time window of tens of milliseconds, the temporal order is reconstructed rather than mirroring the sequence of events objectively in physical time. Two separate phases or strategies, a holistic coding phase that groups successively presented events as a gestalt and a disentanglement phase that decodes the temporal order of discrete events from the gestalt representation, may presumably be involved in the perception of temporal order across different modalities.

[Topical Application of Tranexamic Acid in Subcutaneous Mastectomy Wounds in Female-to-male Transgender Patients].

Introduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that can be used to treat and prevent bleeding. Its application in plastic and reconstructive surgery has been very limited to date. To our knowledge, there is a lack of published data on the topical application of TXA in transgender patients undergoing subcutaneous mastectomy.

[The importance of microbiological results for the treatment of complicated appendicitis-a monocentric case-control study].

Background: Patients with complicated appendicitis frequently develop postoperative septic complications. There are no uniform standards for the choice of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and the duration of postoperative antibiotic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between microbiological samples and postoperative complications.

Sandwich Technique for Large Osteochondral Lesions of the Knee.

Objective: To evaluate whether a sandwich technique procedure for large osteochondral lesions (OCL) of the medial femur condyle reduces clinical symptoms and improves activity level as well as to assess repair tissue integration on MRI over 2 years.

Design: Twenty-one patients (median age: 29 years, 18-44 years) who received matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) combined with cancellous bone grafting at the medial femur condyle in a 1-step procedure were prospectively included. Patients were evaluated before surgery (baseline) as well as 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively, including clinical evaluation, Lysholm score, Tegner Activity Rating Scale, and MRI with Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score and a modified Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS).

Uncovering the Contribution of Moderate-Penetrance Susceptibility Genes to Breast Cancer by Whole-Exome Sequencing and Targeted Enrichment Sequencing of Candidate Genes in Women of European Ancestry.

Rare variants in at least 10 genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2, are associated with increased risk of breast cancer; however, these variants, in combination with common variants identified through genome-wide association studies, explain only a fraction of the familial aggregation of the disease. To identify further susceptibility genes, we performed a two-stage whole-exome sequencing study. In the discovery stage, samples from 1528 breast cancer cases enriched for breast cancer susceptibility and 3733 geographically matched unaffected controls were sequenced.

[What Influence did the Lockdown 2020 have on the Use of a Central Emergency Room by Psychiatric Emergency Patients].

Objective: The current coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19 disease) poses major challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. The aim of this work was to identify the impact on psychiatric emergency presentations in an ED during the implemented lockdown.

Methods: A retrospective survey of all psychiatric emergency presentations in the ED during the lockdown was conducted.

[The Cost of Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Decline in German Memory Clinics].

Dementias are expensive diseases: the net annual cost in European healthcare is about € 28.000 per case with a strong stage dependency, of which medical care accounts for about 19%. Diagnostic costs, on the other hand, account for only a small proportion of the total costs.

Extravascular lung water levels are associated with mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prognostic value of extravascular lung water (EVLW) measured by transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) in critically ill patients is debated. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the effects of TPTD-estimated EVLW on mortality in critically ill patients.

Methods: Cohort studies published in English from Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1960 to 1 June 2021 were systematically searched.