ChatGPT fails challenging the recent ESCMID brain abscess guideline.

Background: With artificial intelligence (AI) on the rise, it remains unclear if AI is able to professionally evaluate medical research and give scientifically valid recommendations.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of ChatGPT's responses to ten key questions on brain abscess diagnostics and treatment in comparison to the guideline recently published by the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID).

Methods: All ten PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome) questions which had been developed during the guideline process were presented directly to ChatGPT.

Inhibition of DAMP signaling as an effective adjunctive treatment strategy in pneumococcal meningitis.

Background: Pneumococcal meningitis remains a potentially lethal and debilitating disease, mainly due to brain damage from sustained inflammation. The release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), like myeloid-related protein 14 (MRP14) and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), plays a major role in persistence of inflammation. In this study, we evaluated if paquinimod, an MRP14-inhibitor, and an anti-HMGB1 antibody can improve clinical outcome as adjunctive therapeutics in pneumococcal meningitis.

Myeloid-related protein 14 promotes inflammation and injury in meningitis.

Background: Neutrophilic inflammation often persists for days despite effective antibiotic treatment and contributes to brain damage in bacterial meningitis. We propose here that myeloid-related protein 14 (MRP14), an abundant cytosolic protein in myeloid cells, acts as an endogenous danger signal, driving inflammation and aggravating tissue injury.

Methods: The release pattern of MRP14 was analyzed in human and murine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as in isolated neutrophils.

Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase is essential for early postischemic myocardial protection.

Background: Excessive formation of reactive oxygen species contributes to tissue injury and functional deterioration after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Especially, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are capable of opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, a harmful event in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. Thioredoxins are key players in the cardiac defense against oxidative stress.

Low density lipoproteins (LDL) heterogeneity and intravenous fat in neonates.

Background: The properties of iv-fat emulsions are similar to those of triglyceride-rich plasma lipoproteins and rapidly hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase. Neonates frequently do not tolerate iv-fat because of low levels of the key enzymes for fat metabolism.

Purpose Of The Study: We examined the effect of iv-fat therapy on LDL subclass distribution of 20 neonates unable to tolerate enteral feeding.