16,656 results match your criteria: "Kitasato University.[Affiliation]"

Introduction: The vascular endothelial glycocalyx, crucial for blood vessel integrity and homeostasis, is vulnerable to oxidative stress, leading to endothelial dysfunction, which strongly correlates with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigates the protective effects of rivaroxaban, a factor X inhibitor, on the glycocalyx under oxidative stress condition.

Methods: We examined the impact of rivaroxaban on human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to acute and chronic H2O2-induced oxidative stress.

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  • This study analyzed 389 patients aged 65 and older with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) but no bone injury to assess the effects of diabetes on neurological recovery.
  • The research found that there were no significant differences in neurological outcomes between diabetic patients and those without diabetes at 6 months post-injury.
  • Additionally, moderate-severe diabetes did not adversely impact recovery, suggesting that diabetic patients had similar improvements in neurological function as their nondiabetic counterparts.
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  • Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a hereditary heart condition marked by unusual heart muscle structure, and this study specifically focused on biventricular noncompaction (BiVNC) in children to understand its clinical characteristics and genetic factors.
  • The research involved 234 pediatric patients and revealed that BiVNC often leads to serious complications, including a higher incidence of congenital heart disease and reduced survival rates compared to other heart conditions.
  • Findings indicated that patients with BiVNC frequently exhibited left ventricular dysfunction and a notable percentage had genetic variants linked to mitochondrial and developmental issues, emphasizing the need for thorough genetic screening for better patient outcomes.
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The lack of clear definition and classification for "moderate ulcerative colitis (UC)" creates ambiguity regarding the suitability of step-up versus top-down treatment approaches. In this paper, experts address crucial gaps in assessing and managing moderate UC. The Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Africa Inflammatory Bowel Disease Coalition comprised 24 experts who convened to share, discuss and vote electronically on management recommendations for moderate UC.

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Novel intranasal phage-CaEDTA-ceftazidime/avibactam triple combination therapy demonstrates remarkable efficacy in treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.

Biomed Pharmacother

October 2023

Biofilms and Antimicrobial Resistance Consortium of ODA receiving countries, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Pathogen Hunter's Research Team, Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan. Electronic address:

Given the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, alternative treatments are needed. Anti-pseudomonal phage therapy shows promise, but its clinical application is limited due to the development of resistance and a lack of biofilm penetration. Recently, adjuvants like CaEDTA have shown the ability to enhance the effectiveness of combined antimicrobial agents.

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Background: We have previously shown that static and dynamic resting-state functional connectivity differ between migraineurs with and without photophobia, phonophobia, or osmophobia. Furthermore, some patients with photophobia also experience phonophobia or osmophobia. To investigate the functional connectivity specific to migraineurs with photophobia, we examined the differences in static and dynamic resting-state functional connectivity between patients with and without photophobia, with no phonophobia or osmophobia.

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Many complex terpenoids, predominantly isolated from plants and fungi, show drug-like physicochemical properties. Recent advances in genome mining revealed actinobacteria as an almost untouched treasure trove of terpene biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). In this study, we characterized a terpene BGC with an unusual architecture.

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Study Design: Prospective multicenter study.

Objectives: Palliative surgery is crucial for maintaining the quality of life (QOL) in patients with spinal metastases. This study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes of QOL after palliative surgery between patients with metastatic spinal tumors at different segments.

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The Medaka approach to evolutionary social neuroscience.

Neurosci Res

October 2024

Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8577, Japan. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • The review highlights advances in social neuroscience through the study of medaka fishes, focusing on their social cognition and mate choice behaviors, especially involving visual cues.
  • Medaka fishes are advantageous for research due to their rich genetic resources and ease of genetic manipulation, making them ideal for studying evolutionary social neuroscience.
  • The introduction of single-cell transcriptome technology, paired with 'Adaptive Circuitry Census,' promises to deepen understanding of molecular mechanisms behind visual mate preferences and mating strategies across species.
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Background And Aim: The risk of colorectal cancer among fecal immunochemistry test-positive individuals who had undergone previous colonoscopies remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the differences in the risk of colorectal cancer among fecal immunochemistry test-positive individuals according to the timing of their previous colonoscopies.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective, observational study was conducted in Japan as a subgroup analysis of the J-SCOUT study (UMIN000040690), which integrated and analyzed a database comprising all colonoscopies performed at participating Japanese institutions between 2010 and 2020.

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Background: Guideline-directed medical therapy has become an important component of heart failure (HF) therapy, with sacubitril/valsartan as one of the recommended drugs; however, the real-world prognostic implications of sacubitril/valsartan uptitration are unclear.

Methods And Results: Patients with HF newly initiated on sacubitril/valsartan were registered in a retrospective multicenter study (REVIEW-HF). In all, 995 patients were divided into 3 groups according to the maximum dose achieved: high dose, sacubitril/valsartan 400 mg; intermediate dose, sacubitril/valsartan 200-<400 mg; and low dose, sacubitril/valsartan <200 mg.

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COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic by the WHO in 2020. Psychiatric symptoms including sleep disturbance, memory impairment, and depression are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. These symptoms are causes long-term mental and physical distress in recovering patients; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear.

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Objectives: The benefits of early rehabilitation for patients with acute heart failure (HF) requiring IV inotropic drugs have yet to be determined. We investigated the association between early rehabilitation and short-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute HF requiring IV inotropic drugs.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

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Isoform-specific distribution of 14-3-3 proteins in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Neurosci Lett

November 2024

Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan; Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, Kitasato University, School of Allied Health Science, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive deficits in humans and animal models. These deficits are paralleled by neurophysiological and structural changes in the central nervous system, particularly in the hippocampus, which plays an important role in memory formation. We previously reported that the magnitude of long-term potentiation at hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses was significantly impaired in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats (STZ rats).

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Currently, there are no effective prophylactic or therapeutic drugs for the treatment of paclitaxel (PTX)-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (PTX-PNP), highlighting the urgent need for the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic drugs. In this study, we initially compared the efficacy of Ephedra Herb extract (EHE) with that of ephedrine alkaloids-free Ephedra Herb extract (EFE), which lacked ephedrine alkaloids (EAs)-associated side effects, against the onset of PTX-induced mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and cold allodynia in mice. EHE and EFE demonstrated comparable preventive effects on the PTX-PNP in a dose-dependent manner.

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Purpose: To investigate the usage status of biologics for the chronic treatment of optic neuritis including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in Japan.

Design: Multicenter retrospective case series.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with anti-aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) positive optic neuritis and had been initiated on biologics (satralizumab, eculizumab, and inebilizumab) between January 2020 and August 2022 were identified at 30 facilities in Japan.

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Article Synopsis
  • Evolocumab, a monoclonal antibody approved for treating familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and hypercholesterolemia, was evaluated in a real-world study in Japan, as data on its effectiveness and safety were previously limited.
  • The study involved 3724 patients with various forms of FH and hypercholesterolemia over 104 weeks, measuring both safety (incidences of adverse reactions) and effectiveness (changes in LDL cholesterol levels).
  • Results indicated that Evolocumab was well tolerated, showing significant reductions in LDL cholesterol levels, with low rates of serious adverse events, suggesting it is a viable treatment option for high-risk patients in Japan.
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G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that have gained considerable attention as drug targets, particularly in cancer treatment. In this study, we explored the capacity of bioactive compounds derived from Gnetum gnemon (GG) for the development of of pharmaceuticals targeting GPCRs within the context of cancer therapy. Integrated approach combined network pharmacology and molecular docking to identify and validate the underlying pharmacological mechanisms.

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Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructured liquid crystals containing fluorinated cyclohexylphenyl and cyclic carbonate moieties have been developed as quasi-solid-state self-organized electrolytes for safe lithium-ion batteries. We have designed lithium ion-conductive liquid-crystalline (LC) materials with fluorine substituents on mesogens for improved oxidation stability. Computational studies suggest that the fluorination of mesogens lowers the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of LC molecules and improves their oxidation resistance as electrolytes.

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  • The text indicates that there is a correction made to a previously published article.
  • The article in question can be referenced using its DOI: 10.1039/D4MD00599F.
  • Corrections like this are typically issued to address errors or inaccuracies found after publication.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fetal neurodegenerative disease. The mechanism of sporadic ALS onset remains unclarified in detail. Disruption of zinc homeostasis could be related to sporadic ALS.

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Article Synopsis
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a serious neurodegenerative disease, and recent research reveals the Src/c-Abl inhibitor, bosutinib, as a promising candidate for treatment after a phase 1 study showed it to be safe for ALS patients.
  • The ongoing phase 2 study aims to assess bosutinib's efficacy and long-term safety over a 24-week treatment period, with 25 ALS patients participating and receiving either 200 mg or 300 mg doses.
  • The study has ethical approval from multiple universities and plans to share its findings in peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.
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Background: We previously showed that ARCT-154, a self-amplifying mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, had improved immunogenicity and antibody persistence compared with conventional mRNA or adenovirus vector vaccines. In this study, we compared ARCT-2301, a bivalent self-amplifying mRNA vaccine (Asp614Gly and omicron BA.4/5 variant), with the bivalent Comirnaty omicron BA.

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Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Antiviral Effects of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid against Feline Coronavirus Type II.

Viruses

October 2024

Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada 034-8628, Aomori, Japan.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a non-proteinogenic amino acid, is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of heme and exerts antiviral effects against feline coronavirus (FCoV); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the biosynthesis of heme, 5-ALA is condensed and converted to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which is then transformed into heme by the insertion of ferrous iron. Previous research has suggested that the metabolites generated during heme biosynthesis contribute to the antiviral effects of 5-ALA.

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Exploring the Impact of Water Content in Solvent Systems on Photochemical CO Reduction Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complexes.

Molecules

October 2024

Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Kanagawa, Japan.

To achieve artificial photosynthesis, it is crucial to develop a catalytic system for CO reduction using water as the electron source. However, photochemical CO reduction by homogeneous molecular catalysts has predominantly been conducted in organic solvents. This study investigates the impact of water content on catalytic activity in photochemical CO reduction in -dimethylacetamide (DMA), using [Ru(bpy)] (bpy: 2,2'-bipyridine) as a photosensitizer, 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) as an electron donor, and two ruthenium diimine carbonyl complexes, [Ru(bpy)(CO)] and (Cl)-[Ru(Ac--NHMe)(CO)Cl] (: 5'-amino-2,2'-bipyridine-5-carboxylic acid), as catalysts.

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