Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic target attainment analysis of cefazolin using total and unbound serum concentration in patients with prostatectomy or nephrectomy.

The aim of this study was to analyze the population pharmacokinetics of total and unbound concentrations of prophylactic cefazolin (CFZ) in patients with prostatectomy or nephrectomy. We also aimed to calculate a pharmacodynamics target unbound concentration that exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), to design an effective dosing regimen. Briefly, 614 total concentration and 610 unbound concentration samples from 152 individuals were evaluated, using a nonlinear mixed-effects model.

Efficacy of Cricoid Pressure Application during Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Patients with Poor Gastric Wall Extension.

Introduction: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) requires adequate air infusion. However, cases of poor gastrointestinal wall extension due to frequent eructation have been reported. Sufficient gastrointestinal wall extension can be achieved by applying cricoid pressure during EGD.

Comparison of complete resection rates in cold snare polypectomy using two different wire diameter snares: A randomized controlled study.

Background And Aim: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is a standard treatment for small colorectal polyps. This study examined the effect of different snare wire diameters on complete histological resection rate, resection depth, and CSP safety.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at two institutions between June 2019 and March 2021.

The Association of Tumor Immune Microenvironment of the Primary Lesion with Time to Metastasis in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis.

Biological or immunological differences in primary lesions between synchronous and metachronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have been reported. However, the association between the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of primary lesions and time to metastasis remains unknown. We investigated the differences in the TIME of primary lesions based on time intervals to metastasis, mainly between the synchronous group (SG; metastasis within 3 months) and metachronous group (MG; metastasis after 3 months), and its association with clinicopathological parameters in patients with mRCC.

Efficacy and factors affecting procedure results of short-type single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted ERCP for altered anatomy: a multicenter cohort in Japan.

Background And Aims: Although single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE)-assisted or short-type SBE (short SBE)-assisted ERCP has been reported as useful in patients with surgically altered anatomy, most studies had small sample sizes or single-center designs. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and factors affecting the procedure results of short SBE-assisted ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy.

Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted at 8 tertiary referral care centers in Japan.

Hair Follicle Regeneration by Transplantation of a Bioengineered Hair Follicle Germ.

Hair follicle morphogenesis is first induced by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the developing embryo. In the hair follicle, various stem-cell populations are maintained in specialized niches to promote repetitive hair follicle-morphogenesis, which is observed in the variable lower region of the hair follicle as a postnatal hair cycle. In contrast, the genesis of most organs is induced only once during embryogenesis.

Bioengineering a 3D integumentary organ system from iPS cells using an in vivo transplantation model.

The integumentary organ system is a complex system that plays important roles in waterproofing, cushioning, protecting deeper tissues, excreting waste, and thermoregulation. We developed a novel in vivo transplantation model designated as a clustering-dependent embryoid body transplantation method and generated a bioengineered three-dimensional (3D) integumentary organ system, including appendage organs such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands, from induced pluripotent stem cells. This bioengineered 3D integumentary organ system was fully functional following transplantation into nude mice and could be properly connected to surrounding host tissues, such as the epidermis, arrector pili muscles, and nerve fibers, without tumorigenesis.

[Investigation of changes in sexual and ejaculatory functions after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)].

Changes in sexual function and ejaculatory function in patients who had undergone holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) were investigated using questionnaires. In this study, 77 patients on whom HoLEP was performed at our department from July 2010 to December 2010 were included. Of the 77 patients, the number of patients who could achieve an erection increased from 36 (46.

[Late relapse and urothelial carcinoma of residual ureter 16 years after radical nephrectomy: a case report].

A 66-year-old male was referred to our hospital for evaluation of tumors in his left residual ureter and the lung. He had a history of left nephrectomy due to "malignant renal tumor", performed by a general surgeon at another hospital 16 years ago. Since a definitive diagnosis of the kidney was uncertain, we speculated that the original renal disease was a renal pelvic cancer and had metastasized in the residual ureter and the lung.

[Clinical significance of risedronate for patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy].

Purpose: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with prostate cancer is associated with bone loss. We investigated the effectiveness of risedronate about a decreasing bone mineral density in patients with prostate cancer on ADT.

Material And Method: A prospective study was conducted in Kitasato University Hospital from April 2004 to October 2006.

Leukotriene B4/leukotriene B4 receptor pathway is involved in hepatic microcirculatory dysfunction elicited by endotoxin.

Leukotrienes (LTs), metabolites of arachidonic acid through 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), have been known to play a role in leukocyte recruitment. However, the contribution of LTB4 to liver microcirculatory dysfunction during endotoxemia remains unknown. LTB4 receptor (BLT1) has been identified as a high-affinity receptor specific for LTB4.

Painful neuropathy alters the effect of gabapentin on sensory neuron excitability in rats.

Background: Pain following peripheral nerve injury is associated with increased excitability of sensory neurons. Gabapentin (GBP), a novel anticonvulsant with an uncertain mechanism of action, is an effective treatment for neuropathic pain. We therefore investigated the effect of GBP on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from normal rats and those with painful peripheral nerve injury.

[Development of gamma-heavy chain disease during the course of diabetic nephropathy].

We reported a rare case of gamma-heavy chain disease. A 63-year-old man had been given a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus at the age of 30 and had received hemodialysis since the age of 55. The patient presented with swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

[A morphological study of human epipharyngeal mucosa: 10 autopsy cases].

The epipharynx lies between the nasal cavity and the mesopharynx, which is behind the oral cavity. It is a conduit for respired air, contributes to the equalization of pressure within the middle ear space via the eustachian tube and is closed by the soft palate during swallowing of food and fluid. It acts as a drainage channel for the mucous secreted by the nose and the glands within the epipharynx area.

Abnormal accumulation of vanadium in patients on chronic hemodialysis therapy.

Vanadium (V) has been reported to inhibit a number of enzyme activities such as those of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. The main excretory pathway of this element is via the kidney. These facts led us to study the V distribution in uremic patients.

Expression of p21 ras protein in human melanoma cell lines.

Samples obtained from six human melanoma cell lines have been tested for the presence of p21 ras oncogene product by Western blotting analysis. The overexpression of p21 was detected in two cell lines out of the six samples. These DNA samples have not been shown to be transformants by transfection assay.