Establishment of an Immortalized Porcine Alveolar Macrophage Cell Line That Supports Efficient Replication of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), has a significant impact on the global pork industry. It results in reproductive failure in sows and respiratory issues in pigs of all ages. Despite the availability of vaccines, controlling the PRRSV remains challenging, partly owing to the limitations of cell culture systems.

Expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry molecules ACE2, NRP1, TMPRSS2, and FURIN in the reproductive tissues of male macaques.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reportedly affects male reproductive function by causing spermatogenesis dysfunction and suppressing testosterone secretion. However, the relationship between COVID-19 and impaired reproductive function, such as whether these effects on reproductive function are a direct effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in male reproductive organs or an indirect effect of high fever, is not known. Here, we examined whether the cell entry molecules of SARS-CoV-2, namely, ACE2, NRP1, TMPRSS2, and FURIN, are expressed in the male reproductive organs using the testes and accessory gonads of macaques during the breeding season.

Autophagy in the corpus luteum correlates with tissue growth in pregnant rats.

The developmental activation of the corpus luteum (CL) structurally and functionally is critical for the temporally regulated establishment, maintenance, and termination of pregnancy in rats. In this study, we have investigated the possible involvement of autophagy in the regulation of the CL during pregnancy in rats. The expression ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II/-I, a widely used indicator of autophagic activity, in the CL remained relatively stable until day 15 of pregnancy.

Critical Involvement of the Thioredoxin Reductase Gene () in Gallinarum-Induced Systemic Infection in Chickens.

serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG) causes fowl typhoid, a notifiable infectious disease in poultry. However, the pathogenic mechanism of SG-induced systemic infection in chickens remains unclear. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxB) is a redox protein crucial for regulating various enzyme activities in serovar, but the role in SG-induced chicken systemic infection has yet to be determined.

pathogenicity island-14 is a critical virulence factor responsible for systemic infection in chickens caused by .

serovar Gallinarum () is an important host-specific pathogen that causes fowl typhoid, a severe systemic, septicemic, and fatal infection, in chickens. causes high morbidity and mortality in chickens and poses a significant burden and economic losses to the poultry industry in many developing countries. However, the virulence factors and mechanisms of -induced systemic infection in chickens remain poorly understood.

Experimental infection of goats with pVAPN-harboring Rhodococcus equi causes latent infection in the lymph nodes.

Rhodococcus equi has recently been identified in various animals, including ruminants. Several studies have highlighted the emergence of pVAPN-harboring strains, isolated from multiple abscesses, in the liver and lungs of ruminants. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that pVAPN-harboring strains are pathogenic in ruminants.

Effect of water temperature on the anesthetic effects of alfaxalone in carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Objective: To evaluate the effect of water temperature on intramuscular injected alfaxalone anesthesia in carp ().

Materials And Methods: Six healthy adult carp () were intramuscularly injected with alfaxalone (2.5, 5.

Coordination of prophage and global regulator leads to high enterotoxin production in staphylococcal food poisoning-associated lineage.

Unlabelled: species in food produce Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) that cause Staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP). More than 20 SE types have been reported, among which Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) has been recognized as one of the most important SEs associated with SFP. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying its production remain unclear.

Development of monoclonal antibodies against virulence-associated protein N and their application to pathological diagnosis.

can cause infection in ruminants, and its pathogenicity is suggested to be associated with VapN. Despite its wide distribution, no immunological diagnostic method has been developed for VapN-producing . Against this background, we attempted to develop monoclonal antibodies targeting VapN and assess their application in immunostaining.

Heterogeneity and transmission of food safety-related enterotoxigenic in pig abattoirs in Hubei, China.

The dissemination of in the pork production chain is a major food safety concern. Abattoirs can serve both as disruptor and transmitter for . In this study, we conducted a systematic genomic epidemiology research on the prevalence, heterogeneity, and transmission of in 3,638 samples collected from four pig abattoirs in Hubei province, China.

Development and application of a spray tip that enables electrocoagulation of a variety of tissues.

Background: Spray hemostasis is possible using a high-frequency power source from the tip of an electric scalpel; however, the difficulties regarding the uniformity and rapidity of the hemostasis surface remain. This study reports the development of a novel electrocoagulation device tip that can be used in endoscopic and robotic surgeries and can quickly coagulate and hemostat and easily adjust the extent of cauterization and hemostasis while minimizing the depth of thermal injury.

Methods: The safety and efficacy of the hemostatic device were verified in a porcine model.

Aberrant activation of estrogen receptor-α signaling in Mettl14-deficient uteri impairs embryo implantation.

The precise control of endometrial receptivity is crucial for successful embryo implantation, which is strictly regulated by the ovarian steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone. Despite our improved understanding of the genetic regulation of implantation downstream of the action of hormones, we do not know much about the epigenetic regulation that occurs during early pregnancy. To investigate the role of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in embryo implantation, we generated mice with conditional deletion of Mettl14, a core component of the m6A writer complex, in the uterus.

Isolation and genetic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from wild animal feces and game meats.

The populations of Japanese deer and boar have increased dramatically and have a serious impact on farming and mountain villages. Although the Japanese government promotes the use of captured wild animals, game meat is not subject to sanitary control considering that it is not subject to meat inspection or quality control. Here, we have attempted to isolate Staphylococcus aureus, a typical foodborne pathogen, as a part of an investigation of contamination in the meats of wild animals and their processing stages.

Prevalence and Virulence Determinants of in Wholesale and Retail Pork in Wuhan, Central China.

is one of the major foodborne pathogens and can cause serious foodborne illness in humans by foods contaminated with enterotoxins. In recent years, livestock-associated has been a major public health concern for humans and has emerged in various countries globally. China is one of the largest producers of pigs and pork in the world.

Multiplexed genome editing by in vivo electroporation of Cas9 ribonucleoproteins effectively induces endometrial carcinoma in mice.

Synergistic effects among multiple gene mutations are involved in cancer development and progression. However, developing genetically modified mouse models to analyze various combinations of mutations is extremely labor-intensive and time-consuming. To address these problems, we developed a novel method for in vivo multiplexed genome editing of the murine uterus to model human endometrial carcinoma (EMC).

Clinically relevant model of oxaliplatin-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome.

Aim: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) induced by oxaliplatin-including chemotherapies (OXCx) is associated with impaired hepatic reserve and higher morbidity after hepatic resection. However, in the absence of an appropriate animal experimental model, little is known about its pathophysiology. This study aimed to establish a clinically relevant reproducible model of FOLFOX-induced SOS and to compare the clinical/histopathological features between the clinical and animal SOS settings.

Synergistic Antimicrobial Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides CATH-1, CATH-3, and PMAP-36 With Erythromycin Against Bacterial Pathogens.

With the increasing bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative drugs or adjuvants of antibiotics to enhance antibacterial efficiency. The combination of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and traditional antibiotics is a potential alternative to enhance antibacterial efficiency. In this study, we investigated the synergistic bactericidal effect of AMPs, including chicken (CATH-1,-2,-3, and -B1), mice (CRAMP), and porcine (PMAP-36 and PR-39) in combination with conventional antibiotics containing ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and erythromycin against , and .

QTL Mapping for Age-Related Eye Pigmentation in the Pink-Eyed Dilution Castaneus Mutant Mouse.

Pink-eyed dilution castaneus (Oca2p-cas) is a mutant gene on mouse chromosome 7 that arose spontaneously in wild Mus musculus castaneus. Homozygotes for Oca2p-cas exhibit pink eyes and a light gray coat throughout life. In an ordinary mutant strain carrying Oca2p-cas, we previously discovered a novel spontaneous mutation that gradually increases melanin pigmentation in the eyes and coat with aging, and we developed a novel mutant strain that was fixed for the novel phenotype.

NLRP6 Serves as a Negative Regulator of Neutrophil Recruitment and Function During Infection.

is an invasive pathogen with high morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised children and elderly. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) plays an important role in the host innate immune response against pathogen infections. Our previous studies have shown that NLRP6 plays a negative regulatory role in host defense against , but the underlying mechanism is still unclear.

Gene of Gallinarum Plays a Critical Role in Systemic Infection of Fowl Typhoid.

serovar Gallinarum (. Gallinarum) is a host-specific pathogen causing fowl typhoid, a severe systemic infection in poultry, which leads to substantial economic losses due to high morbidity and mortality in many developing countries. However, less is known about the pathogenic characteristics and mechanism of .

Rhodococcus equiU19 strain harbors a nonmobilizable virulence plasmid.

Rhodococcus equiis the causative agent of pyogenic pneumonia in foals, and a virulence-associated protein A (VapA) encoded on the pVAPA virulence plasmid is important for its pathogenicity. In this study, we analyzed the virulence of R. equi strain U19, originally isolated in the Netherlands in 1997 and the genetic characteristics of the pVAPA_U19 plasmid.

An organ-derived extracellular matrix triggers in situ kidney regeneration in a preclinical model.

It has not been considered that nephrons regenerate in adult mammals. We present that an organ-derived extracellular matrix in situ induces nephron regeneration in a preclinical model. A porcine kidney-derived extracellular matrix was sutured onto the surface of partial nephrectomy (PN)-treated kidney.