Matrisome and Immune Pathways Contribute to Extreme Vascular Outcomes in Williams-Beuren Syndrome.

Background: Supravalvar aortic stenosis (SVAS) is a characteristic feature of Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS). Its severity varies: ~20% of people with Williams-Beuren syndrome have SVAS requiring surgical intervention, whereas ~35% have no appreciable SVAS. The remaining individuals have SVAS of intermediate severity.

Explaining the Correlates of Eating Outside-of-Home Behavior in a Nationally Representative US Sample Using the Multi-Theory Model of Health Behavior Change: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Eating outside-of-home (EOH) is one of the main changes in lifestyle that occurred worldwide in the past few decades. Given that EOH behavior is influenced by individual and contextual factors, the utilization of a theory seems to be suitable in analyzing this health behavior. The fourth-generation theory multi-theory model (MTM) is designed exclusively for health behavior change at the individual and community levels.

Neonatal Dermatopathology: A 10-Year Institutional Review.

Background/objective: Neonatal skin conditions are typically diagnosed through noninvasive methods. Few studies describe the spectrum of biopsy- evaluated neonatal skin lesions. We present our institutional experience with the conditions leading to skin biopsies in neonates.

Teaching Skills Training for Pre-clinical Medical Students Through Weekly Problem-Based Learning Teaching Topic Presentations and Directed Feedback.

Problem: Medical students commonly encounter scenarios in which they are charged with teaching medical content, but studies find a paucity of teaching skills training especially in the pre-clerkship phase of undergraduate medical programs.

Intervention: Videos lessons were created to instruct on five teaching skills identified as useful for presenting short lessons on medical topics: effective learning objectives, appropriate lesson complexity, audience engagement, relevance to practice, and resource selection. A rubric was generated to assess the performance level of each teaching skill.

Conversion of First Metatarsal-Phalangeal Joint Arthrodesis to Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Introduction: Arthrodesis remains the gold standard for most first metatarsal-phalangeal joint (1MTPJ) pathologic conditions due to its high patient satisfaction, low complication rates, and consistent data. 1MTPJ arthroplasty remains a pursued procedure given the advantages described above, but the literature remains complicated and controversial as a primary surgical treatment. To the authors' knowledge, there is no prior report describing utilization of arthroplasty as an approach to managing clinical failure of a successful fusion in the setting of a technically successful procedure without a post-operative complication.

Promoting Firearm Injury Prevention and Advocacy as Pediatric Surgeons: A Call to Action From the APSA/AAP Advocacy Committee.

Firearm injuries have become the leading cause of death among American children. Here we review the scope of the problem, and the pivotal role pediatric surgeons have in preventing pediatric firearm injury. Specific methods for screening and counseling are reviewed, as well as how to overcome barriers.

Amplatzer Vascular Plug closure of an iatrogenic interatrial tunnel-type communication.

A 50-year-old woman who had atrial septal defect surgery at 11 months old underwent ascending aortic aneurysm resection and two attempts at closure of a residual atrial septal defect. Post-operatively, she had severe cyanosis. She was referred to our centre where a transesophageal echocardiogram and cardiac catheterisation showed an iatrogenic interatrial tunnel-type communication that was closed with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug.

Diffusion in the corpus callosum predicts persistence of clinical symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury, a multi-scanner study.

Background: Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) comprise 80% of all TBI, but conventional MRI techniques are often insensitive to the subtle changes and injuries produced in a concussion. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is one of the most sensitive MRI techniques for mTBI studies with outcome and symptom associations described. The corpus callosum (CC) is one of the most studied fiber tracts in TBI and mTBI, but the comprehensive post-mTBI symptom relationship has not fully been explored.

Parental holding of infants improves haemodynamics in the cardiac ICU.

We performed a single-centre, retrospective study to assess physiologic changes of infants in the cardiac ICU while being held by their parent. Continuous data streaming of vital signs were collected for infants included in the study from January 2021 to March 2022. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from the electronic medical record.

Untangling Tau: Molecular Insights into Neuroinflammation, Pathophysiology, and Emerging Immunotherapies.

Neuroinflammation, a core pathological feature observed in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is rapidly gaining attention as a target in understanding the molecular underpinnings of these disorders. Glial cells, endothelial cells, peripheral immune cells, and astrocytes produce a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators that exacerbate the disease progression. Additionally, microglial cells play a complex role in AD, facilitating the clearance of pathological amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) plaques and aggregates of the tau protein.

Association of hepatitis delta virus with liver morbidity and mortality: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Studies have suggested that patients with chronic hepatitis B, either co- or superinfected, have more aggressive liver disease progression than those with the HDV. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis examined whether HDV RNA status is associated with increased risk of advanced liver disease events in patients who are HBsAg and HDV antibody positive.

Approach And Results: A total of 12 publications were included.

Viloxazine extended-release capsules for the treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in adult patients.

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorder with symptoms that may persist in up to 90% of adults diagnosed during childhood and continue to cause significant impairment throughout the lifespan. In the United States (US), amphetamine and methylphenidate formulations have been available to treat ADHD for several decades. Only one nonstimulant, atomoxetine, was available for the treatment of ADHD in adults until recently.

Exploring Anki Usage Among First-Year Medical Students During an Anatomy & Physiology Course: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: As medical schools worldwide condense the preclinical phase of medical education, it is increasingly important to identify resources that help medical students retain and employ the medical information. One popular tool among medical students is an application called Anki, a free and open-source flashcard program utilizing spaced repetition for quick and durable memorization. The purpose of this study is to determine how variable Anki usage among first-year medical students throughout a standardized anatomy and physiology course correlates with performance.

Outcomes of Primary Tumor Excision do not Differ from Non-Resection Methods in Pediatric Mesenchymal Hamartoma of the Liver: A Rapid Systematic Review.

Background: To conduct a rapid systematic review comparing the outcomes of primary tumor resection versus non-resection on patients with hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma.

Methods: We searched the Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from January 1, 2000 to March 31, 2022. Studies that described cases of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma, including management and outcomes, were included.

Traumatic spinal injury patterns of on vs. off-road motorcycle crashes.

Objective: Two wheel motorized vehicles used in both street transportation and recreation are a common cause of severe injury in the United States (US). To date, there has been limited data describing the spinal injury patterns among these motorcycle injury patients in the US. The goal of this study is to characterize and compare differences in specific injury patterns of patients sustaining traumatic spinal injuries after motocross (off-road) and street bike (on-road) collisions in the southwestern US at a Level I Trauma Center.

Intrapersonal Predictors of Physical Violence Toward and Sexual Assault of Lesbian and Bisexual Women and the Associated Mental Health Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

The purpose of the present study was to identify the prevalence and intrapersonal predictors of physical violence toward and sexual assault of lesbian and bisexual women and the associated mental health outcomes. This cross-sectional study included 497 U.S.

Clinicians' Experience with a Graduate Medical Education Implemented Child Psychiatry Access Program.

Objective: The authors aim to measure differences in primary care clinicians' (PCC's) perceptions of managing pediatric mental health before and after launch of a child psychiatry access program (the access program) and identify the impact of engaging trainees from child psychiatry, pediatrics, and family medicine in administration and use of this program.

Methods: Child psychiatry fellows provide coverage of a grant-funded state-wide access program and engage trainee-peers in learning how to use the program. A survey measuring PCC's experience managing children's mental health conditions was administered before and after the child psychiatry access program launched.

Orthopaedic knee scooter-related injury: prevalence and patient safety perception in a prospective cohort with exploratory risk factor analysis.

Background: There is a paucity of research investigating the harms associated with orthopaedic knee scooter (OKS) use and patient safety perceptions. This prospective study aimed to define the prevalence of OKS-related injuries, describe the patient perceptions of OKS safety, and identify potential risk factors.

Methods: This study was conducted at a single foot and ankle fellowship-trained surgeon's community-based clinic from 6/2020 to 4/2021 and enrolled 134 patients.

Dorsal visual stream and LIMK1: hemideletion, haplotype, and enduring effects in children with Williams syndrome.

Background: Williams syndrome (WS), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by hemizygous deletion of ~ 25 genes from chromosomal band 7q11.23, affords an exceptional opportunity to study associations between a well-delineated genetic abnormality and a well-characterized neurobehavioral profile. Clinically, WS is typified by increased social drive (often termed "hypersociability") and severe visuospatial construction deficits.

The criminalisation of women's healthcare in the post-Dobbs era: an analysis of the anti-abortion trigger law statutes.

On 24 June 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v.

Examining the Gambling Behavior of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey Applying the Multi-Theory Model (MTM) of Health Behavior Change in a Single Institution.

Gambling among college students can start as a pastime activity. However, this pastime can lead to problem gambling and pathological gambling. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify and explain the initiation and sustenance of quitting gambling among university students who had participated in gambling during the past month and those who had not using a novel fourth-generation multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change.