Effect of various perioperative semaglutide interruption intervals on residual gastric content assessed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A retrospective single center observational study.

Background: Recent evidence suggests that perioperative semaglutide use is associated with increased residual gastric content (RGC) and risk of bronchoaspiration under anesthesia. We compared the occurrence of increased RGC in semaglutide users and non-users undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy to define the time interval at which RGC becomes comparable between groups.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective electronic chart review at a tertiary hospital.

Evaluation of a Question Prompt List About Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Prevention After Hypertensive Pregnancy: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to pilot test a question prompt list (QPL) about cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction after hypertensive pregnancy (HDP).

Methods: In a prospective cohort study of adult women who had HDP given the QPL before and surveyed after a physician visit, we assessed perceived person-centred care, self-efficacy for self-management, perceived self-management and QPL feasibility.

Results: Twenty-three women participated: 57% of diverse ethno-cultural groups, 65% < 40 years of age and 48% immigrants.

Evaluating the Value of Eye-Tracking Augmented Debriefing in Medical Simulation-A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Debriefing after simulation facilitates reflective thinking and learning. Eye-tracking augmented debriefing (ETAD) may provide advantages over traditional debriefing (TD) by leveraging video replay with first-person perspective. This multisite randomized controlled trial compared the impact of ETAD with TD (without eye-tracking and without video) after simulation on 4 outcomes: (1) resident metacognitive awareness (the primary outcome), (2) cognitive load (CL) of residents and debriefers, (3) alignment of resident self-assessment and debriefer assessment scores, and (4) resident and debriefer perceptions of the debriefing experience.

Neuroinflammatory Pathways Associated with Chronic Post-Thoracotomy Pain: A Review of Current Literature.

Chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPTP) is a major clinical problem that affects up to 35-55% of patients undergoing thoracic incisions. Evidence suggests that multiple cellular signaling pathways and neuro-inflammatory mediators may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of CPTP. In this comprehensive review, we present the current evidence on the cellular signaling pathways and inflammatory changes associated with the initiation and maintenance of CPTP, focusing on the potential application of these findings in the clinical setting.

Variability of Hepatitis C Treatment Cascade Outcomes among People Who Inject Drugs across Geographically Diverse Clinics in the US: The HERO Study.

Heterogeneity of outcomes across different clinical trial study sites is often inevitable. Understanding how outcomes differ by site is important for planning future programs and studies. We examined the extent of heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment cascade outcomes among persons who inject drugs (PWIDs) across sixteen clinical sites utilized in the HERO Study-a pragmatic randomized trial of HCV treatment support.

Use of opioids and opioid alternatives during general anesthesia: a pan-Canadian survey among anesthesiologists.

Purpose: While there is limited patient-centred evidence (i.e., evidence that is important for patients and end-users) to inform the use of pharmacologic opioid minimization strategies (i.

Medical Tourism for Cancer Treatment: Trends, Trajectories, and Perspectives From African Countries.

Purpose: Cancer continues to be a significant public health concern. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) struggles with a lack of proper infrastructure and adequate cancer care workforce. This has led to some countries relying on referrals of cancer care to countries with higher income levels.

Are Opioids Agitating? A Data Analysis of Baseline Data from the STAN Study.

 Agitation, a common dementia symptom often arising from untreated pain, lacks comprehensive research on its connection with opioids prescribed for long-term pain. This study investigated the relationship between opioid use and agitation in dementia patients. Participants ( = 188) were categorized into opioid, acetaminophen PRN, or no-pain medication groups.

Causal inference can lead us to modifiable mechanisms and informative archetypes in sepsis.

Medical progress is reflected in the advance from broad clinical syndromes to mechanistically coherent diagnoses. By this metric, research in sepsis is far behind other areas of medicine-the word itself conflates multiple different disease mechanisms, whilst excluding noninfectious syndromes (e.g.

Integrating priorities at the intersection of cancer and neuroscience.

Cancer neuroscience is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field that conceptualizes tumors as tissues fully integrated into the nervous system. Recognizing the complexity and challenges in this field is of fundamental importance to achieving the goal of translational impact for cancer patients. Our commentary highlights key scientific priorities, optimal training settings, and roadblocks to translating scientific findings to the clinic in this emerging field, aiming to formulate a transformative and cohesive path forward.

Sticky Floor, Broken Ladder, and Glass Ceiling in Internal Medicine Academic Ranking, Leadership, and Research Productivity.

Background: Despite more women entering medicine, substantial gender disparities remain in various medical disciplines. This study explores the extent of these disparities in Canadian academic internal medicine, particularly in academic ranks, leadership positions, and research productivity.

Design: Cross-sectional.

An efficient C-glycoside production platform enabled by rationally tuning the chemoselectivity of glycosyltransferases.

Despite the broad potential applications of C-glycosides, facile synthetic methods remain scarce. Transforming glycosyltransferases with promiscuous or natural O-specific chemoselectivity to C-glycosyltransferases is challenging. Here, we employ rational directed evolution of the glycosyltransferase MiCGT to generate MiCGT-QDP and MiCGT-ATD mutants which either enhance C-glycosylation or switch to O-glycosylation, respectively.

Evaluation and treatment of rhinosinusitis with primary antibody deficiency in children: Evidence-based review with recommendations.

Background: There is clear evidence that prevalence of primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is higher in children with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) than in the general population. The purpose of this multi-institutional and multidisciplinary evidence-based review with recommendations (EBRR) is to thoroughly review the literature on rhinosinusitis with PAD, summarize the existing evidence, and provide recommendations on the evaluation and management of rhinosinusitis in children with PAD.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically reviewed from inception through December 2023.

Characterizing coagulation responses in humans and nonhuman primates following kidney xenotransplantation-A narrative review.

The recent report of the first pig kidney transplant in a living human brings hope to thousands of people with end-stage kidney failure. The scientific community views this early success with caution as kidney xenotransplantation exhibits many challenges and barriers. One of these is coagulation dysregulation.