A scoping review of the effectiveness of underwater treadmill exercise in clinical trials of chronic pain.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to investigate the available literature on physical and quality of life (QoL) outcomes of underwater treadmill exercise trials in clinical chronic pain samples.

Methods: A scoping search of studies of the effectiveness of underwater treadmill exercise trials from 1947 to 2024 was conducted using the following databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Reviews. To be included, studies were required to have included adult participants living with chronic pain (defined as pain lasting for 3 months or longer) who participated in an active underwater treadmill exercise intervention.

Leg Blood Flow During Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction: Evidence for and Implications of Compensatory Cardiovascular Mechanisms.

Proximal limb cuff inflation to 40% arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) is assumed to reduce exercising leg perfusion, creating "blood flow restriction" (BFR). However, no study has validated this assumption. 18 healthy young participants (9F) performed two-legged knee flexion/extension exercise at 25% WRpeak with bilateral cuffs applied to the proximal thigh at 0% AOP (CTL), 20% AOP and 40% AOP.

ESMO Global Consortium Study on the availability, out-of-pocket costs, and accessibility of cancer medicines: 2023 update.

Background: The availability and affordability of safe, effective cancer therapies are core requirements for effective cancer control. Global disparities exist in access, however, yielding unequal cancer outcomes. The goal of this study was to provide updated data regarding the formulary availability, out-of-pocket costs, and accessibility of cancer medicines in countries across the full spectrum of economic development areas.

Science tells us that portable air filters reduce infection risk. It's time for public health authorities to make this clear.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Canadian public health advisors and politicians have shared mixed messages about the utility of portable air filters (PAFs) for mitigating the transmission of airborne infectious diseases. Some public health advisors and decision-makers have also suggested that PAFs are cumbersome or require expert advice. We take this opportunity to review evidence and address myths about PAFs.

Development of the Whole Day Matters Toolkit for Primary Care: a consensus-building study to mobilize national public health guidelines in practice.

Introduction: Strategic knowledge mobilization efforts are needed to enhance uptake and use of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24HMG), which describe optimal amounts of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep each day for overall health. The Whole Day Matters Toolkit for Primary Care is an evidence-informed resource to help primary care providers (PCPs) disseminate the 24HMGs. The purpose of this study was to describe gaining consensus on toolkit components through iterative revisions to improve its utility in preparation for the September 2022 launch, and to summarize early dissemination efforts.

Molecular Pharmacology of Dasatinib Provides Unique Insights into the Mechanistic Basis of Success and Failure of Targeted Cancer Therapy.

Despite the enthusiasm for targeted cancer therapies in preclinical studies and the success of a select few drugs, many promising drug candidates fail in clinical trials. The gap between preclinical promise and clinical outcomes underscores the need to investigate factors influencing the success or failure of targeted therapies. Dasatinib, an inhibitor of Abl and Src protein tyrosine kinases, is highly effective toward chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by targeting BCR-Abl, but it is ineffective against solid tumors when targeting Src kinases.

Projecting the Current Salient Relational Situations Into the Past and Future Across Cultures.

The present research examined cultural differences in interpersonal memories and forecasts, situated in a currently salient positive or negative interpersonal context. We found that a negative focal event, compared to a positive one, led to more negative memories and forecasts of interpersonal encounters. The effect was stronger among Euro-Canadians than among Chinese.

The relationship of productivity-based wages to human rights and occupational justice - an exploratory study.

Background: Productivity-based wage systems are intended to enhance the labour market participation of people with disabilities. Limited scholarship exists regarding the impact of such policies in practice. This qualitative study explored stakeholder perspectives on the Australian Supported Wage System (SWS), including perceptions of fairness and equity.

Cross-agency working when conducting a pragmatic RCT for older victims of crime: our experiences and lessons learned.

Background: With the population ageing, more victims of community crime are likely to be older adults. The psychological impact of crime on older victims is significant and sustained, but only feasibility trials have been published regarding potential interventions. The integration of public health and care services and cross-agency working is recommended, but there is little information on how this should be undertaken.

Long-term memory plasticity in a decade-long connectivity study post anterior temporal lobe resection.

Approximately 40% of individuals undergoing anterior temporal lobe resection for temporal lobe epilepsy experience episodic memory decline. There has been a focus on early memory network changes; longer-term plasticity and its impact on memory function are unclear. Our study investigates neural mechanisms of memory recovery and network plasticity over nearly a decade post-surgery.

The co-occurrence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy among middle-aged and older adults in Canada: A cross-sectional study using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) and the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN).

Background: There is an increasing prevalence of multiple conditions (multimorbidity) and multiple medications (polypharmacy) across many populations. Previous literature has focused on the prevalence and impact of these health states separately, but there is a need to better understand their co-occurrence.

Methods And Findings: This study reported on multimorbidity and polypharmacy among middle-aged and older adults in two national datasets: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) and the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN).

Differences in technical and clinical perspectives on AI validation in cancer imaging: mind the gap!

Good practices in artificial intelligence (AI) model validation are key for achieving trustworthy AI. Within the cancer imaging domain, attracting the attention of clinical and technical AI enthusiasts, this work discusses current gaps in AI validation strategies, examining existing practices that are common or variable across technical groups (TGs) and clinical groups (CGs). The work is based on a set of structured questions encompassing several AI validation topics, addressed to professionals working in AI for medical imaging.

Sociodemographic Variables Associated with Self-reported Access to Mental Healthcare Among Brazilian Immigrant Women in the U.S.

Brazilians are a rapidly growing immigrant population in the United States (U.S.), yet little is known about their mental health and access to mental healthcare.

Development of an agenda for research and action on climate change and health in the Caribbean.

This paper delineates the development of the Caribbean Research for Action Agenda which aims to empower Caribbean Small Island Developing States to reduce their vulnerabilities to the effects of climate change on health. The Caribbean Research for Action Agenda emerged from collaboration between nongovernmental organizations, academic institutions, and multilateral agencies that organized a conference on climate change and health in the Caribbean. This Agenda was formulated by prioritizing research areas, synthesizing evidence from conference presentations and scientific literature, and holding consultations with stakeholders and experts.

Virtual primary care for people living with dementia in Canada: cross-sectional surveys of patients, care partners, and family physicians.

Background: Virtual care (VC) for dementia in primary care settings is an important aspect of healthcare delivery in Canada. However, the evidence informing optimal and sustainable provision of VC for persons living with dementia (PLWD) and their care partners is scarce. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe the frequency of VC use, (2) identify characteristics of PLWD, care partners, and family physicians (FPs) that are associated with the use of VC, and (3) explore FPs' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to provide VC for PLWD and their care partners.

Don't assume, ask! A focus group study on end-of-life care planning with people with intellectual disabilities from minoritised ethnic groups.

Background: People with intellectual disabilities are less likely to have access to palliative care, and the evidence shows that their deaths are often unanticipated, unplanned for, and poorly managed. Within the general population, people from minoritised ethnic groups are under-represented within palliative care services. End-of-life care planning with people with intellectual disabilities from minoritised ethnic groups may be a way to address these issues.

Accelerating the Future of Oncology Drug Development: The Role of Consortia in the Delivery of Precision Oncology Early Phase Clinical Trials.

Purpose: Over the past 15 years, the landscape of early phase clinical trials (EPCTs) has undergone a remarkable expansion in both quantity and intricacy. The proliferation of sites, trials, sponsors, and contract research organizations has surged exponentially, marking a significant shift in research conduct. However, EPCT operations suffer from numerous inefficiencies, such as cumbersome start-up processes, which are particularly critical when drug safety and the recommended phase II dose need to be established in a timely manner.

Heteroconfinement in Single CdTe Nanoplatelets.

Dimension-engineered synthesis of atomically thin II-VI nanoplatelets (NPLs) remains an open challenge. While CdSe NPLs have been made with confinement ranging from 2 to 11 monolayers (ML), CdTe NPLs have been significantly more challenging to synthesize and separate. Here we provide detailed mechanistic insight into the layer-by-layer growth kinetics of the CdTe NPLs.

Discovering genetic modulators of the protein homeostasis system through multilevel analysis.

Every protein progresses through a natural lifecycle from birth to maturation to death; this process is coordinated by the protein homeostasis system. Environmental or physiological conditions trigger pathways that maintain the homeostasis of the proteome. An open question is how these pathways are modulated to respond to the many stresses that an organism encounters during its lifetime.

International trends in the implementation of assessment for learning : Implications for policy and practice in a post-COVID world.

This paper discusses the evolution of assessment for learning (AfL) across the globe with particular attention given to Western educational jurisdictions. Scholars from Australia, Canada, Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, Norway, and the United States discuss prominent assessment reforms within their respective countries over the last decade. Particular attention is given to the impact of the pandemic as well as technological developments for classroom assessment policies and practices.

Syphilis Point of Care Rapid Test and Immediate Treatment Evaluation (SPRITE) study: a mixed-methods implementation science research protocol of eight public health units in Ontario, Canada.

Introduction: Urgent, tailored and equitable action is needed to address the alarming rise in syphilis rates in Canada. In the last decade, the rates of infectious syphilis have increased by 345% in Ontario, Canada. Underserved populations-people who use drugs, un(der)housed individuals and those living in rural and remote areas-face unique social and healthcare challenges that increase their vulnerability to syphilis infections and hinder their access to timely diagnosis and treatment.

The Impact of Peer-Based Recovery Support Services: Mediating Factors of Client Outcomes.

Research demonstrates a positive impact of Peer Based Recovery Support Services (PBRSS) facilitated by peer recovery specialists (PRS), who are people in recovery from behavioral health conditions (e.g., substance use disorders [SUD] and mental health conditions).