Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: Early Signs and Therapeutic Interventions.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in communication, social interaction difficulties, and repetitive behaviors that can hinder a child's development. The growing prevalence of autism necessitates early detection and effective intervention strategies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of early indicators of ASD, including brain development markers and behavioral signs visible in infants.

Proteomic Profiling of COVID-19 Patients Sera: Differential Expression with Varying Disease Stage and Potential Biomarkers.

: SARS-CoV-2 is one of the viruses that caused worldwide health issues. This effect is mainly due to the wide range of disease prognoses it can cause. The aim of this study is to determine protein profiles that can be used as potential biomarkers for patients' stratification, as well as potential targets for drug development.

Hypoxia Preconditioned Serum Hydrogel (HPS-H) Accelerates Dermal Regeneration in a Porcine Wound Model.

Harnessing the body's intrinsic resources for wound healing is becoming a rapidly advancing field in regenerative medicine research. This study investigates the effects of the topical application of a novel porcine Hypoxia Preconditioned Serum Hydrogel (HPS-H) on wound healing using a minipig model over a 21-day period. Porcine HPS exhibited up to 2.

Five Year Review of All Examined Corneal Tissue in a Tertiary Eye Care Center: Demographics and Surgical Indications.

Background: Corneal pathologies are among the most common reversible sight-threatening diseases globally. As such, corneal tissue transplantation (keratoplasty) techniques are evolving over time depending on the prevalence of different pathologies in each geographical area. We aim to provide a baseline information on the common keratoplasty procedures performed in our area in relation to prevalent corneal pathologies and to analyze common corneal surgical practice trends in our area.

Preliminary findings on the absence of PEPITEM release in B cells isolated from Saudi donors: implications for expanded population studies.

Background: Adiponectin (AQ) plays a role in regulating immune responses. Previous research indicates that B cells can affect T cell transmigration via the adiponectin-induced peptide PEPITEM in Caucasians. This study explores whether this mechanism is also applicable to Saudi populations, considering potential ethnic variations in immune response.

Oncocytic lipoadenoma of the parotid gland: a case report and a review of the literature.

Oncocytic lipoadenomas are a rare sub-category of fat-containing tumors of the salivary glands. These tumors are characterized by their oncocyte-predominant epithelial component admixed with mature adipocytes. This condition has been rarely reported to affect the parotid and the submandibular glands.

Descriptive analysis of incidence, demographic characteristics, and survival outcomes of soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremities in Saudi Arabia.

Soft-tissue sarcomas are uncommon, aggressive, and histologically heterogeneous, malignant tumors. Soft-tissue tumor types have different age and anatomical site distributions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and incidence of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Structured magnetic resonance imaging and endoanal ultrasound anal fistulas reporting template (SMART): An interdisciplinary Delphi consensus.

Background: There is still considerable heterogeneity regarding which features of cryptoglandular anal fistula on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoanal ultrasound (EAUS) are relevant to surgical decision-making. As a consequence, the quality and completeness of the report are highly dependent on the training and experience of the examiners.

Aim: To develop a structured MRI and EAUS template (SMART) reporting the minimum dataset of information for the treatment of anal fistulas.

Protecting optimal childhood growth: systematic nutritional screening, assessment, and intervention for children at risk of malnutrition in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: In 2024, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Advisory Board on Pediatric Nutrition (KSA-ABPN) reviewed childhood undernutrition in the Middle East. We sought to foster efficient nutritional care for infants and children at nutritional risk. Severe malnutrition due to starvation is rare in Saudi Arabia, so we focused on early recognition and treatment of children with mild growth impairment that forewarns risk for further nutritional decline.

Use of antithrombotic therapy in patients with hemophilia: a selected synopsis of the European Hematology Association - International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis - European Association for Hemophilia and Allied Disorders - European Stroke Organization Clinical Practice Guidance document.

Here, we summarize the European Hematology Association - International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis - European Association for Hemophilia and Allied Disorders - European Stroke Organization Clinical Practice Guidance document recommendations on antithrombotic therapy for cardiovascular indications among patients with hemophilia. This summary includes a discussion on primary and secondary prevention of venous and arterial thrombosis. The guidance document considers distinct and controversial challenges presented by various clinical scenarios in this aging patient population and provides thoughtful recommendations to assist the hemophilia care provider in clinical decision-making.

Long-Term Patient Satisfaction and Surgical Outcomes With Sophono Implants: A Single-Institution Experience.

Objectives Percutaneous and transcutaneous bone conduction hearing implants are used in various otological conditions. This study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction with Sophono implants and their long-term surgical outcomes. Methods This retrospective study was conducted at Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, between October 2022 and May 2023.

Huge Atypical Meningioma in a 21-Month-Old Girl: A Case Report.

Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumors, but it's uncommon in the pediatric and adolescent populations. Pediatric meningiomas differ from adult meningiomas by a higher rate of malignant change, atypical location, male predominance and a higher recurrence rate. The most common presenting symptoms in supratentorial pediatric meningiomas are the signs and symptoms of high intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting, and nausea) and seizures.

Characteristics, clinical profiles, and outcomes of patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy: A retrospective study, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Stroke is a significant contributor to both mortality and compromised physical function. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is now the recognized standard of care for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO), especially when favorable brain images are evident within 24 h of symptom onset. This study elucidated the characteristics, clinical profiles, and outcomes of patients who underwent EVT for AIS.

Corrigendum to "Epidemiology of adult patients with atopic dermatitis in AWARE 1: A second international survey" [World Allergy Organ J 16 (3) (2023) 100724].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.

Antibiotic Treatment for 7 versus 14 Days in Patients with Bloodstream Infections.

Background: Bloodstream infections are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Early, appropriate antibiotic therapy is important, but the duration of treatment is uncertain.

Methods: In a multicenter, noninferiority trial, we randomly assigned hospitalized patients (including patients in the intensive care unit [ICU]) who had bloodstream infection to receive antibiotic treatment for 7 days or 14 days.

Examining the growing challenge: Prevalence of diabetes in young adults (Review).

Diabetes is rapidly spreading worldwide, affecting millions of individuals. Therefore, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of its complications. The present review discusses the complex subject of diabetes, including the type 1 and type 2 variants.

Cancer Biomarkers and Precision Oncology: A Review of Recent Trends and Innovations.

The discovery of cancer-specific biomarkers has resulted in major advancements in the field of cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, therefore significantly lowering cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Cancer biomarkers can be generally classified as prognostic biomarkers that predict specific disease outcomes and predictive biomarkers that predict disease response to targeted therapeutic interventions. As research in the area of predictive biomarkers continues to grow, precision medicine becomes far more integrated in cancer treatment.

Popliteal Artery Injury During Total Knee Replacement: A Single-Center Experience.

The popliteal arteries are rarely injured during total knee replacement. Although uncommon, these complications warrant attention because the consequences can be disastrous, with high mortality rates, amputation risk, and additional comorbidities such as foot drop, infection, and functional impairment. However, it has detrimental consequences for the patient.

Preoperative radiological features in predicting complications of carotid body tumor resection.

Objective: Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare neoplasms that pose significant surgical challenges. This study aims to evaluate the predictive utility of preoperative radiological characteristics on postoperative complications in patients undergoing CBT resection at a tertiary care center.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 patients who underwent CBT resection between 2003 and 2023.

Feasibility of Indocyanine Green Fluorescent Cholangiography Via Inguinal Nodal Injection Approach in Upper Gastrointestinal Oncological Surgeries. A Pilot Study.

Fluorescent cholangiography (FC) with indocyanine green (ICG) is an alternative to intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) for visualizing the biliary tract during surgery. This pilot study assessed the feasibility of ICG-FC using inguinal nodal injection in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal cancer surgery. Under sonographic guidance, ICG was injected into inguinal nodes bilaterally (each side 2.

Clinical whole Exome Sequencing Reveals Novel Homozygous Missense Variant in the Gene causing Autosomal Recessive Spinocerebellar Ataxia.

Background & Objective: Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCA) are rare heterogenous neurodegenerative disorders characterized by degeneration of the cerebellum and spinal cord with an early onset before the age of 20 years. PMPCA (MIM: 613036), is a key enzyme in mitochondrial protein processing which is critical for cell survival and growth. Our objective was to investigate Peptidase, Mitochondrial Processing Subunit Alpha (PMPCA) mutations linked with Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 2 (SCAR2).