Managing Early Childhood Caries: A Comparative Review of Preventive and Restorative Approaches.

Early childhood caries (ECC), one of the most common health problems among children aged six years and below, is considered present when one or more surfaces of a tooth are decayed, missing, or filled. Not only does ECC cause pain for a long time, but it also has short- and long-term health consequences in children. In order to treat ECC, holistic management that includes preventive, restorative, and prosthetic intervention is necessary.

Integrating Family Involvement in Neuro-Intensive Care: A Pathway to Enhanced Family Satisfaction in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Management.

Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern due to its poor clinical and functional outcome and its impact on family homeostasis. Often, the stressed and anxious family is not involved in the care process until the rehabilitation phase. This study aimed to evaluate the integration of family involvement in the neuro-intensive care of TBI patients on family satisfaction.

Improving Quality of Care for Vacation-Related Emergency Department Visits: A Narrative Review of Patient Satisfaction and Contributing Factors.

Emergency departments (EDs) encounter substantial challenges during peak vacation periods, including increased patient volumes, limited access to medical histories, language and cultural barriers, insurance complexities, and disruptions in continuity of care. These factors strain emergency department operations, resulting in prolonged wait times, diagnostic errors, and compromised care quality. This study reviews the literature to identify patient satisfaction indicators and common challenges and evaluate strategies to improve patient outcomes during vacation-related emergency department visits.

Multiple Fibrolipomas of the Tongue: A Rare Case Report of a Pediatric Patient With Whole Exome Sequencing of the C2CD3 Gene.

Multiple fibrolipomas of the tongue are rare benign tumors with a prevalence of 0.2% among both adults and children. Moreover, this lesion affecting an infant has not been reported in the literature.

Pulmonary hypertension post-liver transplant: A case report.

Background: Liver transplantation (LTx) is vital in patients with end-stage liver disease, with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease being the most common indication. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an important indication. Portopulmonary hypertension, associated with portal hypertension, poses a significant perioperative risk, making pretransplant screening essential.

IPNA clinical practice recommendations on care of pediatric patients with pre-existing kidney disease during seasonal outbreak of COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, instigated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has profoundly impacted healthcare infrastructures around the globe. While children are usually asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, children with pre-existing kidney conditions require specialized attention. This pivotal report, championed by the International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA), delivers precise and actionable recommendations tailored for pediatric patients with kidney ailments in this pandemic landscape.

Do Risk Factors for HCC Impact the Association of CT/MRI LIRADS Major Features With HCC? An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.

Guidelines suggest the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) may not be applicable for some populations at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, data assessing the association of HCC risk factors with LI-RADS major features are lacking. To evaluate whether the association between HCC risk factors and each CT/MRI LI-RADS major feature differs among individuals at-risk for HCC.

Stress hyperglycaemia ratio is an independent predictor of in-hospital heart failure among patients with anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: Stress hyperglycaemia ratio (SHR) has been reported to be independently and significantly associated with various adverse cardiovascular events as well as mortality. Moreover, in-hospital heart failure following acute myocardial infarction has been demonstrated to account for majority of all heart failure (HF) cases with anterior myocardial infarction showing higher rates of HF. However, the association between SHR and in-hospital HF following an anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has not been reported earlier.

Predicting lack of clinical improvement following varicose vein ablation using machine learning.

Objective: Varicose vein ablation is generally indicated in patients with active/healed venous ulcers. However, patient selection for intervention in individuals without venous ulcers is less clear. Tools that predict lack of clinical improvement (LCI) following vein ablation may help guide clinical decision-making but remain limited.

Let It Grow: The Role of Growth Factors in Managing Chemotherapy-Induced Cytopenia.

Chemotherapy-induced cytopenia (CIC) is characterized by neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, which are common and serious complications in cancer treatment. These conditions affect approximately 60% of patients undergoing chemotherapy and can significantly impact quality of life, treatment continuity, and overall survival. The use of growth factors, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (GCSFs), erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs), and thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), has emerged as a promising strategy for managing CIC.

Oral GVHD post-cardiac xenograft valve replacement: a case report.

Background: Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is an autoimmune disease that affects the oral cavity as well as other parts of the body. Oral GVHD occurs in 45-83% of cases, and chronic GVHD observed in 30-50% of cases usually manifests as an oral presentation.

Case Presentation: In this case report, a 13 years-old girl was referred to the periodontics clinic from the pediatric dentistry clinics for proper diagnosis and management of the oral presentations observed after receiving a prosthetic valve replacement 2 years ago.

Marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue-lymphoma of the lacrimal gland in a young patient with Klinefelter syndrome: a case report.

Background: Klinefelter syndrome is considered one of the most common sex chromosome disorders affecting males. The presence of an extra X chromosome can alter the tendency to develop various cancers, including lymphomas. Lacrimal gland lymphoma is a disease of the elderly, with a median age of presentation of 70 years.

Insulin Degludec in Critically Ill Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Interventional Study.

Objective: Dysglycemia has deleterious outcomes on critically ill patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin degludec, an ultra-long-acting insulin, is associated with lower rates of hypoglycemia and blood glucose (BG) variability in non-critically ill patients. The experience with insulin degludec in the intensive care units is lacking.

The impact of bilateral transient occlusion of uterine and utero-ovarian arteries on surgical blood loss during laparoscopic myomectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The primary perioperative concern during laparoscopic myomectomy is the risk of significant intraoperative blood loss, which can lead to hypovolemia, necessitate blood transfusion, and result in postoperative anemia. To address this issue, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of temporarily clamping the uterine and utero-ovarian arteries on operative blood loss during laparoscopic myomectomy.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across various databases to identify eligible clinical trials from inception to May 2024, focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Clinical, biochemical and molecular characteristics of classic homocystinuria in Saudi Arabia and the impact of newborn screening on prevention of the complications: A tertiary center experience.

Background: Classic homocystinuria (HCU) is a rare inborn metabolic disease that is generally asymptomatic at birth. If untreated, it can cause a wide range of complications including intellectual disability, lens dislocation, and thromboembolism. This study aimed to describe the natural history and the molecular findings of patients with HCU, and to assess the importance of early diagnosis.

Assessment of appropriate utilization of out-of-office diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of hypertension.

Background: Out-of-office blood pressure (BP) measurement devices, such as ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and home BP monitoring (HBPM), enhance the accuracy and reliability of BP readings, detecting white-coat and masked hypertension. The American Heart Association (AHA) advises confirming hypertension diagnoses with ABPM to prevent overdiagnosis, emphasizing the importance of precise out-of-office diagnostic tools. This study aimed to 1) explore the prevalence of ABPM and HBPM use prior to hypertension diagnosis; 2) assess the adherence to AHA recommendations regarding ABPM utilization; and 3) investigate the association between patient characteristics and out-of-office BP monitoring practices.

Bell's palsy characteristics, clinical manifestations, complications, and prognosis in a primary care setting, a single center study: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Bell's palsy (BP) is a cranial nerve disorder in which unilateral or bilateral paralysis of the facial nerve occurs. The study aims to study BP's characteristics, including its clinical manifestations, prognosis, and complications among adult patients aged 18 years and above.

Methods: A retrospective study of adult patients diagnosed with BP in a primary care setting] [January 2015 to December 2022].

Knowledge and awareness of child sexual abuse related to POCSO (Protection of Children from Sexual Offences) Act among medical and dental professionals in India: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The POCSO (Protection Of Children from Sexual Offences) Act was introduced in 2012 as a measure to safeguard and prevent interests of children affected by sexual crimes. Both medical and dental professionals are capable of identifying such cases.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of child sexual abuse related to POCSO Act among both medical and dental professionals in India.

Factors Affecting Vancomycin Trough Concentration; a Population Pharmacokinetic Model in Non-Critical Care Saudi Patients.

Background And Objective: Vancomycin is commonly prescribed in treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. While, vancomycins' pharmacokinetic vary among older patients, there is a paucity of data regarding specific characteristics influencing pharmacokinetics in Saudi adult patients. This study aims to establish a population-pharmacokinetic (Pop-PK) model for vancomycin in patients admitted to medical wards, with the focus on identification of patient characteristics influencing vancomycin trough concentrations.

Early engraftment and immune kinetics following allogeneic transplant using a novel reduced-toxicity transplant strategy in children/adolescents with high-risk transfusion-dependent thalassemia: Early results of the ThalFAbS trial.

Background: Allogeneic transplant for patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia is challenging once there has been iron overload and chronic transfusion support.

Objective(s): A transplant strategy that reduced intensity of the preparative regimen and tailored immunosuppression to both support donor engraftment and prevent GVHD was developed for this population. The combination of a pretransplant immunosuppression phase with reduced dosing of fludarabine/prednisone, treosulfan-based preparative regimen with reduced cyclophosphamide dosing, and introduction of a calcineurin/methotrexate-free GVHD prophylaxis/engraftment supporting regimen with abatacept/sirolimus/ATG was tested.

A prospectively deployed deep learning-enabled automated quality assurance tool for oncological palliative spine radiation therapy.

Background: Palliative spine radiation therapy is prone to treatment at the wrong anatomic level. We developed a fully automated deep learning-based spine-targeting quality assurance system (DL-SpiQA) for detecting treatment at the wrong anatomic level. DL-SpiQA was evaluated based on retrospective testing of spine radiation therapy treatments and prospective clinical deployment.

Offset sublaminar hook is an efficient tool for the prevention of distal junctional failure after kyphotic deformity correction.

Purpose: To assess the radiological outcomes and complications focusing on distal junctional failure (DJF) of adult spinal deformity patients who underwent thoracolumbar fixation with the use of offset sublaminar hooks (OSH) distally.

Methods: Retrospective review of a prospective, multicenter adult spinal deformity database (2 sites). Inclusion criteria were age of at least 18 years, presence of a spinal deformity with thoraco-lumbar instrumentation ending distally with OSH (pelvis excluded), with minimum 2 years of follow-up.

A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study Assessing Potentially Inappropriate Medications for Elderly Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The aging global population presents challenges in medication management, particularly among diabetic elderly patients vulnerable to potentially inappropriate medications (PIM). PIM can lead to adverse outcomes like hypoglycemia, falls, cognitive decline, and hospitalizations, affecting quality of life and survival. This study aimed to assess PIM prevalence among diabetic elderly patients in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia, using the American Geriatrics Society 2023 Updated Beers Criteria.