Role of prostanoids, nitric oxide and endothelin pathways in pulmonary hypertension due to COPD.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is classified as Group 3 PH, with no current proven targeted therapies. Studies suggest that cigarette smoke, the most risk factor for COPD can cause vascular remodelling and eventually PH as a result of dysfunction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs). In addition, hypoxia is a known driver of pulmonary vascular remodelling in COPD, and it is also thought that the presence of hypoxia in patients with COPD may further exaggerate cigarette smoke-induced vascular remodelling; however, the underlying cause is not fully understood.

Medial Femoral Condyle Cyst in Severe Varus Knee Osteoarthritis: A Finding Prior to Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) often results in subchondral bone cysts (SBCs), which were initially identified as a concentric arrangement of trabeculae surrounding an enlarged marrow space on plain radiographs. Although the Anderson Orthopedic Research Institute (AORI) classification is commonly used, it lacks quantitative measures and is based on radiographs, which can underestimate the actual bone defect. There is a need for a more comprehensive classification system to achieve accurate preoperative planning for bone defect management.

Assessment of Arabic Web-Based Knowledge About Clear Aligners: An Infodemiologic Study.

Background: Orthodontic treatments aim to enhance dental aesthetics, functionality, and long-term oral health. Clear aligners have gained popularity as an aesthetic and convenient option for patients seeking orthodontic correction. However, the quality and readability of online Arabic patient-centered information regarding clear aligners has not been studied yet.

Correlation of Disease Activity Scores and Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data (RAPID3) on a Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Saudi Experience.

Introduction This study aimed to analyze the correlation between Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data (RAPID3) and disease activity scores using the Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)/C-reactive protein (CRP)), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) attending a single rheumatology center in Jeddah. Methods A cross-sectional study of patients with RA who fulfilled the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria for the diagnosis of RA between June 2018 and November 2019 was conducted. The validated Arabic version of the multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ) was used.

The effect of chemotherapies on the crosstalk interaction between CD8 cytotoxic T-cells and MHC-I peptides in the microenvironment of WHO grade 4 astrocytoma.

Introduction: CD8 + T-cells and MHC-I have been detected in brain gliomas with a significant outcome. The effect of chemotherapies on the crosstalk interaction between CD8 + T-cells and MHC-I has never been explored.

Material And Methods: The protein expression profiling of CD8 cytotoxic T-cells and the gene expression assay of MHC-I in 35 patients diagnosed with WHO grade 4 astrocytoma were performed.

Awake craniotomy for fenestration of motor cortex neuroglial cyst: A case report.

Background: Neuroglial cysts (NCs) are uncommon benign cysts covered by an epithelial layer, accounting for <1% of all intracranial cysts. The optimal management approach for these cysts remains a subject of debate. Given their rarity, management principles used for arachnoid cysts can be applied to NCs.

Risk Factors for Post-appendectomy Surgical Site Infection in Laparoscopy and Laparotomy - Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background Appendicitis is a frequent emergency condition. Surgical site infections (SSI) are a common complication of appendectomy. Despite improvements in infection control, SSIs continue to cause harm, prolonged hospital stays, and even death.

Nursing Care for Stroke Patients: Current Practice and Future Needs.

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. Stroke nurses play an important role in the care of patients living with stroke by using best practices and adhering to stroke-management guidelines. This study aims at examining the current nursing practice for stroke patients in Saudi Arabia.

Trans-scaphoid Lunate Dislocation Rare Injury: A Case Report.

Lunate dislocations are complex and uncommon wrist injuries, often resulting from high-energy trauma like road traffic accidents, falls, and industrial mishaps. Timely diagnosis and appropriate surgical management are critical to achieving favorable outcomes and minimizing long-term disability. Here, we present a case of a 22-year-old male who sustained a trans-scaphoid lunate fracture dislocation due to a motorcycle accident.

Combined Synergetic Effect of Lipoconcentrate Fat Grafting, Nanofat Transfer, Platelet-Rich Plasma, Microneedling, and CO2 Fractional Laser for Plastic Regenerative and Esthetic Surgery and Cosmetic Care.

The advancements in skin care methods and products show the rising interest in cosmetics. Recent studies emphasize the regenerative potential of fat grafting, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), microneedling, and carbon dioxide (CO) fractional laser techniques. Combining these strategies into a protocol is yet to be explored.

Major Histocompatibility Class-I (MHC-I) downregulation in glioblastoma is a poor prognostic factor but not a predictive indicator for treatment failure.

Background: MHC-I expression is a crucial factor in cancer immunity, and its regulations can impact tumor progression and recurrence. The mechanism through which glioblastoma use MHC-I to avoid immunosurveillance has been rarely investigated.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 35 patients with IDH-mutant WHO-Grade 4 astrocytoma and IDH-wildtype glioblastoma were examined for MHC-I using protein and gene expression assays.

Comparison of laboratory biomarkers for the prediction of in-hospital mortality and severity of acute pulmonary embolism: A multi-center study.

Objectives: To assess the specificity and sensitivity of prognostic biomarkers in individuals diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled 162 patients from the 741 patients who were hospitalized with acute PE and diagnosed using pulmonary computed tomography (CT) angiogram at 5 hospitals in Saudi Arabia between January 2015 and December 2019. Pulmonary embolism patients classified into survivor and non-survivor groups.

Pronation-Type Galeazzi-Equivalent Fracture: A Case Report.

Fractures of the forearm are common among children and adolescents. Radial shaft fracture with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ), called Galeazzi fracture, is unusual in pediatrics. The Galeazzi-equivalent fracture is a variant of the classic Galeazzi fracture that occurs in children and adolescents.

Comparison of Hematological Parameters Between Survivors and Non-Survivors COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a communicable disease transmitted through the respiratory route and bodily contact. The severity of infection and mortality rate of COVID-19 cases was significantly high in the initial stages of the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the hematological profile of COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors.

Ipsilateral Foot Drop After Leg Traction on Fracture Table for Mid-Shaft Femur Fracture Nailing: A Rare Case Report.

Femoral shaft fracture, one of the most common orthopaedic injuries, is usually treated with intramedullary nailing. During the operative procedure patients are placed on a traction table. Traction tables facilitate the procedure but are associated with some risk.

Establishing local diagnostic reference levels for computed tomography examinations using size-specific dose estimates.

Objectives: To establish local DRL (LDRL) for computed tomography (CT) examinations based on size-specific dose estimates (SSDEs), which consider patient size. The concept of diagnostic reference level (DRL) was introduced to limit patient exposure to unnecessary radiation. However, traditional DRL values do not consider patient size.

Assessment of Knowledge and Perception Regarding Deep Brain Stimulation Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia.

Background:  Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure approved for treating psychiatric and movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor, dystonia, and other neurological conditions. The widespread use of DBS may not be reflected in the medical education curricula in Saudi universities, thus jeopardizing future patients' access to it. This study aims to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of medical students toward DBS as a therapeutic option.

Unexpected Recovery: A Report on the Spontaneous Regression of a Herniated Cervical Disc.

We describe a case in which a herniated cervical disc was compressing the spinal cord. Surgical treatment was offered based on the patient's symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the patient declined. The patient's symptoms were relieved after 10 months of nonsurgical intervention, and a subsequent MRI revealed that the cervical disc herniation (CDH) had regressed.

A Case of Unilateral Blaschko-Linear Lichen Planus Pigmentosus in a Seven-Year-Old Female: A Rare Presentation.

Lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP) is a rare form of lichen planus that typically affects middle-aged people with darker-pigmented skin. LPP is associated with a longer clinical course than classical lichen planus, which distinguishes it clinically. Its occurrence in children is uncommon, with few reported cases in this population in the literature.

The synergistic effect of IDH mutation and NDRG-2 dysregulation in the progression of WHO-grade 4 astrocytomas.

Background: NDRG2 is a tumour suppressor gene involved in tumor growth inhibition. Its effect on tumour recurrence remains controversial. The aim of this study is to explore the dual effect of IDH mutation and NDRG2 dysregulation in WHO-Grade 4 astrocytoma recurrence.

The Effectiveness of Anti-Interleukin-17A Treatment for Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris: A Systematic Review.

Anti-interleukin-17A (anti-IL-17A) therapy has been increasingly employed as a treatment option for pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP). In this study, we reviewed all available studies on this topic in the literature to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-IL-17A. Our main objective was to assess the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of anti-IL-17A therapy in the management of PRP.

Outcome of Methanol Toxicity Outbreak In Saudi Arabia: Case Series Study.

Introduction Methanol poisoning is an acute medical emergency. If not recognized in time and treated properly, it can lead to a considerable magnitude of morbidity as well as mortality. This article aims to report cases of methanol toxicity, focusing on clinical presentation, management, and outcomes.

Hand Knob Syndrome Secondary to Ipsilateral Concomitant Carotid Fibromuscular Dysplasia and Proximal Atherosclerotic Disease.

One of the uncommon stroke presentations is the isolated wrist drop syndrome, caused by a stroke affecting the hand knob area, with the embolic mechanism being the most commonly identified mechanism. Here, we present the case of a 62-year-old female patient who presented with acute-onset isolated wrist drop secondary to right internal carotid artery fibromuscular dysplasia with a string of beads appearance and coexisting proximal atherosclerotic severe stenosis. The patient underwent successful carotid artery stenting.

Medial Discoid Meniscus: A Rare Case Report.

The meniscus is a glossy white structure found in the knee between the femoral condyle and tibial plateau in the medial and lateral aspects of both knees. The main purposes of the meniscus are to enhance joint congruity and stability, transmit load, and absorb stress. A rare type of anomaly of the meniscus shape is called discoid meniscus, which presents as an atypical shape also known as disk cartilage.