Popliteal Artery Injury During Total Knee Replacement: A Single-Center Experience.

The popliteal arteries are rarely injured during total knee replacement. Although uncommon, these complications warrant attention because the consequences can be disastrous, with high mortality rates, amputation risk, and additional comorbidities such as foot drop, infection, and functional impairment. However, it has detrimental consequences for the patient.

Prescribing Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Disease Patients: The Pattern and Association with Co-Prescribed Medications Used to Manage the Disease Complications.

Hydroxyurea (HU) is an effective medication used to reduce the frequency of painful crises associated with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, data describing its prevalence among SCD patients in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia are scarce. This is a multi-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study that aims to investigate the pattern of prescribing HU in SCD patients and to determine the association between prescribing HU and other co-prescribed medications used to manage SCD complications.

The Prevalence of Fabella and Its Association With Osteoarthritic Severity of Knee in Saudi Arabia: A Multicenter Study.

Introduction: The fabella exhibits variable prevalence across populations and is associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Limited research exists on fabella-related studies, particularly in Saudi Arabia, necessitating further investigation to understand its prevalence and association with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted in AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia, reviewing knee X-rays of patients diagnosed with knee OA.

Evolving Trends in the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Narrative Review.

The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is projected to increase worldwide, which necessitates a review of the current management principles and the development of new approaches to care. The principles of management involve proper glycemic control, infection control, pressure redistribution, wound care debridement, and revascularization. Other modalities of management, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy and negative wound pressure therapy, are also being explored.

Significance of p16 in Site-Specific Human Papillomavirus-Positive and Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC).

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a group of cancers characterized by diverse origins and changing epidemiological patterns. The significance of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in certain HNSCC cases has gained attention for its impact on the disease's behavior. Our current research focused on exploring the importance of using p16 as an HNSCC biomarker, particularly in the context of HPV infection, assessing its value in prognosis, and examining its variation across different tumor locations.

Stroke and high-risk TIA outcomes with reduction of treatment duration when treatment initiated in emergency rooms (SHORTER-study).

Background: Following transient ischemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke, the risk of recurrent stroke can be significantly reduced with short-duration dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). We wish to investigate whether 10 days of DAPT is as effective as 21 days' treatment.

Study Design: This is an open-label, randomized, parallel-group study comparing whether 10 days of DAPT treatment (ASA + clopidogrel) is non-inferior to 21 days of DAPT in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or high-risk TIA.

Development of Calvarial Bone Osteomyelitis in a Noonan Syndrome Patient Following Fronto-Orbital Advancement of Craniosynostosis: A Novel Technique of Treatment Using Povidone and Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions.

This is a case of a pediatric patient with Noonan syndrome (NS) and craniosynostosis who developed calvarial bone osteomyelitis following corrective surgery. Despite complications, such as postoperative bleeding and infections, including osteomyelitis, multidisciplinary management strategies were employed, including antibiotics, debridement, and novel use of hydrogen peroxide and povidone solutions due to bone thinning. The discussion highlights challenges in managing syndromic craniosynostosis, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches and prophylactic antibiotics.

Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Its Related Risk Factors and Disability Following Lumbar Discectomy: A Single-Center Study.

Background Lumbar disc herniation is considered the most common cause of sciatica, which is a contributing factor to disability. Surgical management of lumbar disc herniation in the form of discectomy is superior to conservative management in terms of better recovery and pain relief. However, recurrence, residual back pain, and disability are common expected complications following surgery.

An updated review on pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs) amid the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants: A look into the repercussions and possible solutions.

SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, shares 79% and 50% of its identity with SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, respectively. It uses the same main cell attachment and entry receptor as SARS-CoV-1, which is the ACE-2 receptor. However, key residues in the receptor-binding domain of its S-protein seem to give it a stronger affinity for the receptor and a better ability to hide from the host immune system.

The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain (MSP) Among Orthopedic Surgeons and Residents in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Area.

Background:  Orthopedic surgery is a tiring specialty both physically and mentally. Surgeons tend to hold strenuous postures for long periods of time. Orthopedic surgery residents are affected just as much as their seniors by the difficult ergonomics.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Vaccinated VS Non-Vaccinated Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: Retrospective Observation Study.

Objective: We aim to identify the clinical characteristics and outcome of vaccine breakthrough infection in critically ill COVID-19 patients and to compare the clinical course of disease between vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients.

Methods: A retrospective review of all adult patients aged ≥18 years admitted to the ICU in King Fahd Hospital of the University in Saudi Arabia with positive COVID-19 RT-PCR test between the period of January 1st to August 31st, 2021, were included. The recruited patients were grouped in to "vaccinated and non-vaccinated group" based on their immunization status.

Performance of CURB-65 and ISARIC 4C mortality scores for hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues with new waves that could persist with the arrival of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, the availability of validated and effective triage tools is the cornerstone for proper clinical management. Thus, this study aimed to assess the validity of the ISARIC-4C score as a triage tool for hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia and to compare its performance with the CURB-65 score.

Evaluation of intermittent tamsulosin in treating symptomatic patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and assess the effect of intermittent tamsulosin treatment as a trial to increase the drug safety (in terms of reducing the drug side effects, particularly retrograde ejaculation) while maintaining the effect in reducing the symptoms and assess its impact on the patients' quality of life.

Materials And Methods: Patients who enrolled in this study were suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and were using 0.4 mg tamsulosin daily to relieve their symptoms but complained of ejaculatory problems.

Melasma-like actinic lichen planus in a middle-aged Saudi male.

Actinic lichen planus (LP) is a rare variant of the common papulosquamous disease LP. It occurs mainly on sun-exposed parts of the body and has a high incidence during spring and summer. We report a case of melasma-like presentation of actinic LP in a 52-year-old Saudi man not known to have any comorbidities, who presented with asymptomatic, hyperpigmented patches on the face.

Artificial Intelligence for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer.

As medical science and technology progress towards the era of "big data", a multi-dimensional dataset pertaining to medical diagnosis and treatment is becoming accessible for mathematical modelling. However, these datasets are frequently inconsistent, noisy, and often characterized by a significant degree of redundancy. Thus, extensive data processing is widely advised to clean the dataset before feeding it into the mathematical model.

Forearm Hereditary Multiple Exostosis: A Retrospective Case Series Study.

Background Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) is a significantly rare genetic condition with benign chondrogenic lesions affecting long bones. Forearm involvement is relatively common, with varied treatment modalities reported. Here we describe our experience with HME.

A case of horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis.

Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis is a rare entity with few cases in the literature. Despite the fact the patient will not present with typical symptoms of this syndrome, clinical suspicion should be raised particularly in terms of imaging findings. Imaging findings are characteristic to flag the possibility of this syndrome.

Elevated plasma level of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal on admission is an independent biomarker of mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients.

Biomarkers to identify ICU COVID-19 patients at high risk for mortality are urgently needed for therapeutic care and management. Here we found plasma levels of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) were 4.4-fold higher in ICU patients upon admission that later died (n = 33), and 1.

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis is a Reversible Complication of Ulcerative Colitis.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at higher risk of venous thrombosis than the general population, with thromboembolism being a recognized extraintestinal manifestation. Although thrombotic events typically present as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, other presentations are possible. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a relatively rare example associated with high morbidity and a mortality rate of 50% when misdiagnosed or the diagnosis is delayed.

Eruptive Granuloma Annulare in an Elderly Man With Diabetes.

Although the etiology of granuloma annulare (GA) remains unknown, it has been associated with many reported triggers, including chronic medical illnesses and malignancy. Herein, we present a case of an elderly man with diabetes who has a generalized variant of granuloma annulare. The patient had a six-month history of multiple skin-colored, scattered, itchy papules disseminated over the trunk.

A case of bilateral posterior mediastinal myelolipoma.

A 71-year-old female presented with chronic shortness of breath and underwent routine examination at the emergency department. A plain chest radiograph revealed a large lobulated posterior mediastinal mass that was incidentally found to be unrelated to the main complaint. Further cross-sectional images were obtained to characterize the lesion, which revealed bilateral involvement of a prevertebral mixed attenuation large mass with minimal enhancement postcontrast administration.