Early versus late parenteral nutrition for critically ill term and late preterm infants.

Background: Recently conducted randomised controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that late commencement of parenteral nutrition (PN) may have clinical benefits in critically ill adults and children. However, there is currently limited evidence regarding the optimal timing of commencement of PN in critically ill term and late preterm infants.

Objectives: To evaluate the benefits and safety of early versus late PN in critically ill term and late preterm infants.

Neonatal outcomes following previable prelabour rupture of membranes before 23 weeks of gestation - A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To compare outcomes of hospitalized preterm infants following previable prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) at≤23 weeks of gestation.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of preterm infants admitted for intensive care, between January 2006 and December 2016 following PPROM, was conducted. Short term clinical outcomes included severity of respiratory morbidity, length of hospital stay and mortality.

Probiotics for Preterm Infants in India - Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The objective of the present study is to review current evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of probiotics for preterm infants in India. A systematic review of RCTs of probiotics for preterm infants in India was conducted using Cochrane methodology and PRISMA guidelines. Fixed effects model was used for meta-analysis.

Health practitioners' recognition and management of postpartum obsessive-compulsive thoughts of infant harm.

The postpartum period has been associated with elevated rates of onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) among women, with a prevalence of 2-9%. Postpartum OCD is often characterized by recurrent, unwanted, and highly distressing thoughts, images, or impulses of deliberate infant harm. This study investigated health practitioners' recognition of, and clinical management strategies for, postpartum obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS).

Gut microbiota in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions: a prospective study.

Background: There is limited information on gut microbiota of neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions (CGISCs) available.

Methods: This study compared stool microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of 37 term infants with CGISCs with 36 term healthy infants (HIs). Two stool samples were collected from each infant: as soon as possible after birth (week 1) and 10-14 days of life (week 2).

Challenges in developing a consensus definition of neonatal sepsis.

Sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal population, and at present, there is no unified definition of neonatal sepsis. Existing consensus sepsis definitions within paediatrics are not suited for use in the NICU and do not address sepsis in the premature population. Many neonatal research and surveillance networks have criteria for the definition of sepsis within their publications though these vary greatly and there is typically a heavy emphasis on microbiological culture.

Standardised neonatal parenteral nutrition formulations - Australasian neonatal parenteral nutrition consensus update 2017.

Background: The first consensus standardised neonatal parenteral nutrition formulations were implemented in many neonatal units in Australia in 2012. The current update involving 49 units from Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia and India was conducted between September 2015 and December 2017 with the aim to review and update the 2012 formulations and guidelines.

Methods: A systematic review of available evidence for each parenteral nutrient was undertaken and new standardised formulations and guidelines were developed.

Spinal needle size and traumatic neonatal lumbar puncture: an observational study (neo-LP).

The incidence of 'traumatic' lumbar puncture (LP; CSF red cells > 500/mm) has been reported to be 35-46% in the neonatal period. A traumatic LP incurs challenges in diagnosis and management of the underlying condition and increases the risk of complications. We aimed to assess the benefits of a smaller outer diameter, larger gauge 25G needle in reducing the incidence of traumatic LPs compared with the standard 22G LP needle.

Association between pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy and the development of ovarian serous borderline tumor, mucinous borderline tumor and low-grade serous carcinoma.

Objective: Risk factors for ovarian borderline tumors and low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the association between infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, hysterectomy, tubal ligation and parity and the risk of serous borderline tumor (SBT), mucinous borderline tumor (MBT) and LGSC.

Methods: This was a population-based cohort study using linked administrative and hospital data.

Designing meditation for doctor well-being: can 'Om' help obstetrics and gynaecology doctors?

Objective: The study aimed to measure the impact of meditation on participants' ability to regulate brain wave activity in high-stress situations, control physiological stress responses and improve subjective wellbeing.

Methods: Twelve obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) doctors meditated for 20 minutes daily for 21 days utilising a portable EEG (electroencephalogram) providing instantaneous audio feedback. Their brain activity levels and salivary cortisol were measured before and after performing three surgical procedures.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip in preterm breech infants.

Background: Whether preterm infants born with breech presentation are at similar risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) as the term breech infants is not known. The information will be vital for DDH screening guidelines.

Methods: A retrospective audit of infants born in the breech position was performed to compare the incidence of DDH in the following gestational age groups: 23-27, 28-31, 32-36 and ≥37 weeks.

Compatibility of pentoxifylline and parenteral medications.

Objective: To investigate the physical and chemical compatibility of pentoxifylline (PTX) with a range of parenteral medications used in neonatal intensive care.

Design: PTX and drug solutions were combined in glass vials, inspected for physical incompatibility and evaluated on the basis of PTX concentrations for chemical compatibility.

Results: No precipitation, colour change or turbidity was observed in any of the test mixtures.

Vancomycin Is Protective in a Neonatal Mouse Model of -Potentiated Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury.

Infection is correlated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental sequelae in preterm infants. In modeling neonatal brain injury, Toll-like receptor agonists have often been used to mimic infections and induce inflammation. Using the most common cause of bacteremia in preterm infants, , we present a more clinically relevant neonatal mouse model that addresses the combined effects of bacterial infection together with subsequent hypoxic-ischemic brain insult.

Isolated sporadic uterine lymphangioleiomyoma with unusual clinical and pathological features.

We report a unique uterine neoplasm, favoured to represent an isolated extrapulmonary lymphangioleiomyoma with unusual pathological features, in a postmenopausal woman without tuberous sclerosis complex. The large neoplasm consisted of smooth muscle fascicles and cystic spaces lined by lymphatic cells, which were negative for the melanocytic staining that is characteristically positive in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). There are fewer than 30 cases of uterine LAM reported, none of which have demonstrated this morphology or these immunohistochemical findings.

Incidence of germline BRCA1/2 mutations in women with tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas with and without serous tubal intra-epithelial carcinomas.

Objective: To compare the germline and mutation () status in women with high-grade serous tubo-ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma with and without serous tubal intra-epithelial carcinomas (serous tubal intra-epithelial carcinoma-positive vs serous tubal intra-epithelial carcinoma-negative).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was performed of patients in Western Australia diagnosed with high-grade serous tubo-ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma and referred for genetic counseling and testing from July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2017. Histopathology reports were reviewed to ascertain whether serous tubal intra-epithelial carcinoma was present.

Maternal and Neonatal Health Outcomes Associated with the Use of Gliclazide and Metformin for the Treatment of Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Record Linkage Study.

Gliclazide is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus; however, very little is known regarding the safety of its use in pregnancy. The aims of this study was to examine the rate of maternal hospitalizations, congenital anomalies, and adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnant women treated with gliclazide compared with pregnant women treated with metformin. Women who used gliclazide during pregnancy ( = 108) between 2003 and 2012 were identified by linking national medication dispensing data with the New South Wales perinatal data collection.

International consensus statement on the use of uterotonic agents during caesarean section.

It is routine to give a uterotonic drug following delivery of the neonate during caesarean section. However, there is much heterogeneity in the relevant research, which has largely been performed in low-risk elective cases or women with uncomplicated labour. This is reflected in considerable variation in clinical practice.

Fecal human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) levels and gut microbiota patterns in preterm neonates with different feeding patterns.

Background And Objectives: Human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) is an essential antibacterial peptide involved in innate immunity and is expressed in breast milk and intestinal mucosa. The aim of this study was to investigate fecal hBD-2 levels and gut microbiota in preterm neonates with different feeding patterns.

Materials And Methods: This study was cross-sectionally designed and included 44 preterm neonates categorized into four groups as follows: breast milk only, breast milk predominant, formula milk predominant, formula milk only.

Single dose v two-dose antenatal anti-D prophylaxis: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To compare rates of detectability of circulating Rh(D)-immunoglobulin (anti-D) at delivery with single and two-dose antenatal anti-D prophylaxis (RAADP) regimens; to compare compliance with the two regimens.

Design: Open label, randomised controlled trial between May 2013 and November 2015.

Setting, Participants: 277 women who attended a tertiary obstetric referral hospital in Perth for antenatal care and were at least 18 years of age, less than 30 weeks pregnant and yet to receive RAADP, Rh(D)-negative (negative antibody screen), and who intended to deliver their baby at the hospital.