The Effects of Magnesium Sulfate on Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Magnesium sulfate is commonly used intraoperatively to reduce postoperative pain in spinal surgery patients, but its effects when administered postoperatively are not well established. This study specifically aimed to assess the effect of magnesium sulfate on a postoperative basis on the incidence of postoperative pain in lumbar spinal surgery patients. This systematic review focuses on assessing the practicality of postoperative magnesium sulfate in the mitigation of pain after lumbar surgery.

Statin Use and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among Patients with Ischemic Heart Diseases: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study.

: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adherence to the ACC/AHA 2018 dyslipidemia guidelines on patient management of lipid-lowering therapy in patients with ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and its correlation with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including non-fatal MI, stroke, death, hospitalization for revascularization, and peripheral arterial disease. : A multi-center retrospective observational study was conducted in patients with IHD between January 2019 and December 2020, who were followed for two years. The primary objective was to assess statin utilization and adherence to the 2018 ACC/AHA guidelines and the associated influence on MACE outcomes.

Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Children: Prevalence, Progression, Recovery Mortality, and Impact of Severity.

: Acute kidney injury (AKI) among the pediatric population is considered a risk factor for mortality and morbidities during pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. The association between AKI and increased mortality risk and length of stay (LOS) is still inconclusive. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of AKI severity upon critical management and clinical parameters with an evaluation of severity progression among AKI patients admitted to the PICU at a tertiary care hospital.

Evaluating Carotid Plaque Stiffness with Ultrasound 2D Shear-Wave Elastography in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Coronary and carotid artery diseases are manifestations of a systemic atherosclerotic process, often coexisting in patients affected by both conditions. This association emphasizes the importance of evaluating both coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in high-risk individuals. Ultrasound 2D shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE) has shown promise as a noninvasive technique for assessing carotid plaque stiffness.

Automated Machine Learning in Dentistry: A Narrative Review of Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.

The adoption of automated machine learning (AutoML) in dentistry is transforming clinical practices by enabling clinicians to harness machine learning (ML) models without requiring extensive technical expertise. This narrative review aims to explore the impact of autoML in dental applications. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted without time and language restrictions.

Exploring the relationship between compassion fatigue, stigma, and moral distress among psychiatric nurses: a structural equation modeling study.

Background: Psychiatric nurses experience unique emotional and ethical challenges, including moral distress, associative stigma, and compassion fatigue, that can negatively affect their mental health and clinical performance. The complex relationship among these variables has not been clearly defined. Thus, this study aimed to determine the levels of compassion fatigue, associative stigma, and moral distress and to investigate how these factors interact with an emphasis on the role of compassion fatigue in mediating the relationship between associative stigma and moral distress.

Hematological Parameters Predicting Mortality in Patients with COPD Admitted to ICUs.

Background: The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing in Saudi Arabia, yet there is a lack of studies on the usefulness of routine hematological parameters in predicting mortality.

Objective: To determine hematological parameters that can predict mortality in patients with COPD exacerbation admitted to intensive care units.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included patients with COPD admitted at intensive care units of Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs hospitals in Saudi Arabia between 2016 to 2021.

Quality of life improvement in children with otitis media with effusion post ventilation tube insertion: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To study is to establish the OM-6 scores in Saudi children with OME and subjectively assess the change in QoL following VT insertion. The Otitis Media 6 (OM-6) questionnaire is a widely used measure of the quality of life (QoL) in children with otitis media with effusion (OME). Myringotomy with ventilation tube (VT) insertion is indicated when OME persists with clinically documented hearing impairment.

Assessment of Academic Motivation and Its Impact on Self-Esteem Among Saudi Arabian Undergraduate Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The academic performance of students is influenced by several factors, such as academic motivation, self-directed learning, their mindset, and view of themselves.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of academic motivation (AM) on self-esteem (SE) among Saudi Arabian undergraduate dental students.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate dental students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Nontraumatic headaches in the emergency department: identifying clinical associations and predictive warning signs of intracranial pathologies.

Background: Although headaches are common, only 3-21% are estimated to be secondary, with their causes ranging from non-alarming to life-threatening conditions.

Objectives: Evaluate the associated factors and predictive warning signs of intracranial pathologies in patients presenting with nontraumatic headaches to the emergency document (ED).

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Association between frailty and hospital-related adverse events in older hospitalised patients: a systematic literature review protocol.

Introduction: Research indicates that older hospitalised individuals are more susceptible to hospital adverse events (AEs). Frailty is a syndrome marked by increased vulnerability, sudden and severe health changes and the risk of adverse outcomes. The majority of the available research puts a limited emphasis on those who live with frailty and examines the relationship between age alone and the occurrence of AEs.

Empowering Women in the Saudi Health Sector: Challenges, Opportunities, and Policy Interventions.

Introduction: Empowering women in Saudi Arabia has become a critical agenda, reflecting the nation's shifting societal and economic dynamics. This review highlighted recent policy initiatives, societal changes, and institutional reforms aimed at enhancing the role of women in the Saudi health sector.

Methods: This scoping review explored academic literature and government reports related to gender equality and women's empowerment in the Saudi health sector to provide an overview of the advancements made and the challenges that remain.

Systematic review of multidrug-resistant in the Arabian Peninsula: molecular epidemiology and resistance patterns.

Background: The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR ) is a major public health and economic burden worldwide. Various resistance mechanisms complicate treatment, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Despite numerous studies conducted in Gulf Health Council (GHC) countries, the molecular epidemiology of MDR remains not clearly defined.

A Comparison of Dental Students' Self-Assessment and Instructors' Assessment in Competency Examinations in a Preclinical Operative Dentistry Course.

Objective: Student self-assessment is a skill that is taught, assessed, and attained in education for lifelong learning. In dental education, developing self-assessment is essential during the early stages of psychomotor learning. This study compared dental students' self-assessments and instructors' assessments in competency examinations and evaluated the progress and potential predictors of self-assessment performance, including achievement level and gender, in a Preclinical Operative Dentistry course.

Decision-Making Factors Among Dentists for Using Dental Magnifying Loupes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Dental magnifying loupes (DMLs) allow better visualization of the operative field and operator's seating postures. This study aimed to investigate factors influencing the usage and selection of DMLs among dentists and determine the self-reported musculoskeletal pain and perception regarding DMLs usage.

Methods: A validated self-reported questionnaire of 19 items assessing participant's characteristics and DMLs usage was distributed to individuals who fit the inclusion criteria: practicing general dentists/dental intern and resident/specialized dentist in various dental specialties.

Liraglutide Effect on Weight and A1C in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Real-World Data from a Single Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to determine the effect of liraglutide on weight and HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia. The present investigation was carried out at a medical facility located in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical records of 290 patients who were diagnosed with T2DM and were above 18 years of age.

Paraparesis and Paraesthesia Following A Black Ant Sting.

Unlabelled: Hymenoptera stings can lead to a different range of local and systemic reactions. However, rare and unexpected reactions can develop and may be life threatening. In this paper, we present a 29-year-old female who developed anaphylactic shock followed by paraparesis and paraesthesia after a black ant sting.

The Saudi thoracic society guidelines for vaccinations in adult patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Adult patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are considered high risk group who are more likely to experience worse clinical outcomes if they acquire viral or bacterial infections. Vaccination is the best preventive tool to reduce the risk of infection and disease occurrence and to reduce the level of severity of complications associated with the various vaccine-preventable infections. These guidelines were developed by the Saudi Thoracic Society task force to emphasize the critical importance of improving the vaccine coverage rates in adult patients with CRD.

Asymptomatic neck mass and normal variations of the thymus in children: A report of two cases from a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

The pathogenesis of cervical extension of the thymus has been postulated to be incomplete descent of the thymus in the midline of the neck, which is considered normal in children. The thymus normally extends to the neck in approximately two-thirds of children. Ectopic thymus mainly occurs in 1%-13% of the younger population.

Predictive Factors for Peritoneal Metastases in Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study Conducted at a Tertiary Care Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing nationally, emphasizing the importance of early detection. Late-stage diagnosis, particularly with peritoneal metastasis (PM), is associated with poor outcomes despite advancements in treatment. PM poses a challenge owing to the lack of standardized treatment, although cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) shows promise in improving survival rates.

General anaesthesia with gated or controlled mechanical ventilation and its influence on peri and post operative outcomes of retrograde intra renal surgery when using flexible and navigable suction access sheath, an EAU-endourology and Global FANS collaborative study group: a prospective study.

Background: Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is a preferred treatment for renal stones, yet challenges such as kidney movement due to respiration hinder surgical precision and outcomes. The introduction of flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheaths (FANS) and novel techniques like gated respiration aim to improve stone-free rates (SFR) and reduce complications. This study evaluates the impact of gated respiration on perioperative outcomes in RIRS with FANS.

Alveolar socket surface area as a local risk factor for MRONJ development in oncologic patients on polypharmacy.

Objectives: To determine the impact of alveolar socket surface area and number of root extractions for developing medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in polypharmacy patients following multiple tooth extractions.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective sample of 40 patients was recruited, including 20 polypharmacy patients (109 tooth extractions) who developed MRONJ in at least one of the extraction sites, matched with 20 controls (100 tooth extractions). Tooth-specific alveolar socket surface areas were assessed using CBCT scans from the control group to establish reference values for alveolar socket surface areas in polypharmacy patients with MRONJ.

Types of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) used by people of different age and smoking status groups: results from a US nationally representative survey.

Objectives: The type of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) used by different age groups may be associated with ENDS and cigarette use behaviours. This study sought to identify differences in the use of ENDS device type based on age and cigarette use status to inform policy about regulating ENDS.

Design: This was a cross-sectional study.

assessment of chemical surface treatments on the shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets to CAD/CAM provisional materials.

Introduction: The growing demand for orthodontic treatment in patients irrespective of age highlights the need for effective bonding of brackets to provisional crowns (PCs).

Aims And Objectives: This study evaluates the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to 3D-printed and milled PC materials, comparing the effects of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) and phosphoric acid (PA) etching.

Materials And Methods: Forty cylinders were fabricated using a 3D printer with hybrid resin, and forty were milled from cross-linked polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin.

Analyzing the cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios and health expenditures in the aging population: a 20-year comparative study across high-income countries.

Background: The global burden of cancer is expected to increase by 60% over the next two decades, largely due to population aging. The study aims to examine the association between cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIR) with healthcare expenditures (HE), and human development index score for individuals 70 years old or older.

Method: This is an epidemiological study using publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) for six over the years 1990-2019.