Interventions for reducing late-onset sepsis in neonates: an umbrella review.

Objectives: Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal deaths in neonatal intensive care units. Hence, it is essential to review the evidence from systematic reviews on interventions for reducing late-onset sepsis (LOS) in neonates.

Methods: PubMed and the Cochrane Central were searched from inception through August 2020 without any language restriction.

Comprehensive Highlights of the Universal Efforts towards the Development of COVID-19 Vaccine.

The world has taken proactive measures to combat the pandemic since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). These measures range from increasing the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) and highlighting the value of social distancing to the emergency use authorization (EUA) of therapeutic drugs or antibodies and their appropriate use; nonetheless, the disease is still spreading quickly and is ruining people's social lives, the economy, and public health. As a result, effective vaccines are critical for bringing the pandemic to an end and restoring normalcy in society.

Nasal Cannula with Long and Narrow Tubing for Non-Invasive Respiratory Support in Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Cannulas with long and narrow tubing (CLNT) are increasingly being used as an interface for noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) in preterm neonates; however, their efficacy compared to commonly used nasal interfaces such as short binasal prongs (SBP) and nasal masks (NM) has not been widely studied.

Material And Methods: Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, Health Technology Assessment Database, and Web of Science were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies investigating the efficacy of CLNT compared to SBP or NM in preterm neonates requiring NRS for primary respiratory and post-extubation support. A random-effects meta-analysis was used for data synthesis.

Assessment of Community Levels of Knowledge About Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip, its Risk Factors, Treatment, and Complications in the Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) can involve an immature hip, acetabular dysplasia with or without subluxation, or dislocation of the femoral head. The prevalence of DDH in Saudi Arabia is 10.46 per 1000 live births, highlighting the importance of community knowledge of DDH risk factors and treatment to facilitate early diagnosis, treatment, and avoiding complications.

Cost of cardiovascular diseases and renal complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A retrospective analysis of claims database.

Background: The burden of macro- and microvascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is substantial in Middle East countries. The current study assessed the healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs related to cardiovascular and renal complications among patients with T2DM.

Methodology: This non-interventional, longitudinal, retrospective, cohort study collected secondary data from three insurance claims databases across Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) of patients diagnosed with T2DM.

Evaluation of ceftazidime/avibactam for treatment of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales with OXA-48 and/or NDM genes with or without combination therapy.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) is an urgent public health threat of significant global concern. Few observational studies have evaluated the clinical outcomes for treatment of CRE harbouring OXA-48 or NDM genes with ceftazidime/avibactam. Previous findings showed lower 30 day mortality with ceftazidime/avibactam ranges between 8.

Evaluation of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) treatment for moderate-to-severe ARDS in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is used as rescue therapy in patients with refractory hypoxemia due to severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) despite the recommendation against the use of this treatment. To date, the effect of iNO on the clinical outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS remains arguable. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of iNO in critically ill COVID-19 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS.

Surgical Approaches and Outcomes of Short Nose Correction: A Descriptive Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe all published techniques of short nose correction released by surgeons over the years and summarize their outcomes in a descriptive systematic review of the literature.

Patients And Methods: A computerized literature search was conducted using 5 major databases. All original studies discussing correction methods and/or outcomes of shortened noses were included.

Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption in a multi-ethnic population of middle-aged men and association with sociodemographic variables and obesity.

Background: Adults frequently consume sugar-sweetened beverages. These products are linked to negative health effects such as obesity. Our study was carried out to assess rates of weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverages consumption in a multi-ethnic population of middle-aged men and association with sociodemographic variables and obesity.

Chronic pain after colon cancer surgery: Translation and validation of a scoring system.

Objective: The aim of this study was to translate and validate the chronic pain score (CP score) in a cohort of colon cancer patients. Chronic pain following colon cancer surgery is still poorly understood, in particular the lack of a validated tool for measuring chronic pain is a major issue as such an instrument is critical for evaluating the incidence and risk factors. The CP score was created using data from Danish rectal cancer patients.

Independent Association of 25[OH]D Level on Reduced Glutathione and TNF-α in Patients ‎with Diabetes and/or Hypertension.

Purpose: Oxidative and inflammatory pathways play a significant role in the pathophysiology of a wide variety of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. However, the effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ‎‎(25[OH]D) on these pathways is still controversial. To evaluate the association of 25[OH]D on ‎antioxidant and pro-inflammatory biomarkers, reduced glutathione (GSH) and tumor ‎necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in T2DM and hypertensive patients.

Effect of Local Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Postoperative Deep Infection in Fracture Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: Despite the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis, postoperative infection after fracture surgery remains an issue. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of locally applied antibiotics on deep infection in fracture surgery in both the open and closed fractures.

Data Sources: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed was performed from the date of inception to April 15, 2021, and included studies in all languages.

Respiratory infections in children born preterm in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review.

Context: Studies from high-income countries indicates that infants born preterm are at increased risk of respiratory infections; however in the low and middle-income countries (LMICs) data are limited. Our aim was to systematically review the studies evaluating the risk of respiratory infections in preterm children born in LMICs.

Methods: We searched Medline, PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, and Psych-INFO databases for studies reporting respiratory outcomes in children born preterm in LMICs.

Anemia in Pregnancy: Effects on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes at a University Hospital in Riyadh.

Background: Anemia in pregnancy has a number of adverse effects. This study aims to estimate anemia prevalence in pregnant women and examine the associations between maternal anemia with maternal characteristics, maternal outcomes during pregnancy and delivery, and neonatal outcomes at a university hospital in Riyadh.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 400 women who delivered at the hospital.

Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction to Dermabond (2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate) in Plastic Surgical Patients: A Retrospective Study.

The Dermabond (2-octyl cyanoacrylate) is a commonly used skin adhesive in plastic surgery. There are some reports in the literature regarding Dermabond associated contact dermatitis. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the incidence and characteristics of contact dermatitis (type IV hypersensitivity reaction) post application of Dermabond (Trade name PRINEO manufactured by ETHICON) in patients who underwent plastic surgical breast procedures in our hospital.

Outcome after single dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection at 16 weeks post-vaccination among healthy adults in Saudi Arabia.

Background: The rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) infection and immunogenicity of a single dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine at 16 weeks post-vaccination among young and healthy participants remains unclear in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: Assess the rate of subsequent infection and immunogenicity of a single dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine at 16 weeks post-vaccination in a sample of healthy and young participants.

Design: Cross-sectional study SETTING: Academic teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Healthy participants 18-50 years of age, who received one dose of ChAdOx1 vaccine and had no history of SARS CoV-2 infection were recruited, and blood samples were obtained 16 weeks after vaccination to assess immunogenicity using a commercially available kit.

Saudi consensus recommendations on the management of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD).

This article focuses on the diagnosis and management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). NMOSD is an autoimmune, demyelinating condition characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve and/or the spinal cord, with symptoms that can range from mild impairment of movement to paralysis. The newly approved diagnostic criteria have improved the accuracy of NMOSD diagnosis.

Saudi consensus recommendations on the management of multiple sclerosis: MS management in children and adolescents.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) most commonly presents in young adults, although 3-5% of patients develop MS prior to the age of 18 years. The new and comprehensive consensus for the management of MS in Saudi Arabia includes recommendations for the management of MS and other CNS inflammatory demyelinating disorders in pediatric and adolescent patients. This article summarizes the key recommendations for the diagnosis and management of these disorders in young patients.

AGREEing on Clinical Practice Guidelines for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder requiring multimodal intervention and an army of multidisciplinary teams for a proper rehabilitation plan. Accordingly, multiple practice guidelines have been published for different disciplines. However, systematic evidence to detect and intervene must be updated regularly.

Preoperative Assessment of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Saudi Arabia (SA) is one of the top countries in the world when it comes to the number of bariatric procedures performed each year. There is still some debate on whether to do regular or selective upper endoscopy during the preoperative examination. The purpose of this study was to explore various endoscopic findings and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients having laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) prior to surgery.

Effectiveness of 0.15% hylan A eye drops in ameliorating symptoms of severe dry eye patients in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: The aim of the HYLAN A study was to investigate if symptoms and/or signs of patients suffering from severe dry eye disease (DED) in Saudi Arabia can be improved by substituting individually optimized artificial tear therapy by high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMWHA) eye drops.

Methods: The HYLAN M study, a multicenter prospective randomized open-label study, was performed in 11 centers in eight countries. Patients suffering from severe DED were electronically randomized in two parallel arms.

The use of dietary supplements for mental health among the Saudi population: A cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: Despite limited evidence about the efficacy and safety of dietary supplements (DSs) for improving mental health, people with or without mental disorders often tend to use them, especially during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies focused on DS use for maintaining or improving overall health; Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of DSs for mental health among the SA population and to determine the factors that affect their use.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on an online survey of Saudi Arabian participants between July and August 2021 with an anonymous, self-completed questionnaire distributed using convenience sampling.

Alterations in ocular microcirculation and oxygen metabolism in patients with lipemia retinalis.

Purpose: The study aims to assess the alterations in retinal oxygen saturation and retinal and choroidal blood flow in lipemia retinalis.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 10 eyes (5 patients) with history of lipemia retinalis. The study comprised 10 eyes with documented history of lipemia retinalis and 10 participants as healthy controls.

Early dexamethasone use as a protective measure in non-mechanically ventilated critically ill patients with COVID-19: a multicenter, cohort study.

Dexamethasone showed mortality benefits in patients with COVID-19. However, the optimal timing for dexamethasone initiation to prevent COVID-19 consequences such as respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) is debatable. As a result, the purpose of this study is to assess the impact of early dexamethasone initiation in non-MV critically ill patients with COVID19.