3,677 results match your criteria: "King 's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust[Affiliation]"

Background And Aims: Infants with biliary atresia experience gastrointestinal malabsorption of long-chain triglycerides and are commonly supplemented with medium-chain triglyceride (MCTs) that can be passively absorbed. The aim was to investigate the association of MCT supplementation with growth, nutritional status and clinical outcomes in infants with biliary atresia.

Methods: Infants who underwent Kasai portoenterostomy and were followed up for at least two years or until death or transplantation were reviewed.

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Quantitative Contribution of Clinical Attacks to Residual Disability in Patients With AQP4-Antibody Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Neurology

January 2025

From the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (B.C., A.F., R.G., M.I.S.L., J.P.), Oxford University Hospitals, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (B.C.), Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science of Technology, Wuhan, China; University Hospitals Sussex National Health Service Foundation Trust (S.A.C.), Brighton; Centre for Preventive Neurology (R.D.), Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (Y.H.), UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London; Department of Paediatric Neurology (Y.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London; Department of Neurology (C. Halfpenny), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust; Department of Neurology (C. Hemingway), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London and Institute of Neurology; Department of Neurology (J.C.H.), University of Plymouth Faculty of Health and University Hospitals; Department of Ophthalmology (E.O.S.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Neurology (W.R.), St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Neurology (R.J.M.), Gloucestershire Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust; Department of Neurology (V.W.), King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London; Department of Neurology (V.W.), Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, London; Department of Paediatric Neurology (S.R.), John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford; and Neurology Department (R.G.), Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Foundation Health Trust, Slough, United Kingdom.

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates how clinical attacks contribute to ongoing disability in patients with aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD).
  • A total of 165 patients were analyzed using disability scores recorded after at least six months post-attack, with findings showing a significant increase in disability scores correlating with the number and type of relapses.
  • Results indicated that specific relapse types, particularly the combination of transverse myelitis and optic neuritis, had the most substantial impact on increasing residual disability.
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Machine Learning-based Prognostic Subgrouping of Glioblastoma: A Multi-center Study.

Neuro Oncol

December 2024

Center for Data Science and AI for Integrated Diagnostics (AI2D), and Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (CBICA), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Background: Glioblastoma is the most aggressive adult primary brain cancer, characterized by significant heterogeneity, posing challenges for patient management, treatment planning, and clinical trial stratification.

Methods: We developed a highly reproducible, personalized prognostication and clinical subgrouping system using machine learning (ML) on routine clinical data, MRI, and molecular measures from 2,838 demographically diverse patients across 22 institutions and 3 continents. Patients were stratified into favorable, intermediate, and poor prognostic subgroups (I, II, III) using Kaplan-Meier analysis (Cox proportional model and hazard ratios [HR]).

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Case Summary: A 16-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat with methimazole-treated hyperthyroidism presented with a chronic progressive history of a stiff gait progressing to recumbency. A neurological examination revealed continuous excessive muscle tone with myokymia, which exacerbated with exercise and persisted during general anaesthesia. An electromyographic study revealed myokymic discharges in all tested muscles, as well as complex repetitive discharges, fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves.

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Severe mental illness and infectious disease mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

EClinicalMedicine

November 2024

Health Service & Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis examined the mortality risk from infectious diseases (excluding COVID-19) in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
  • The analysis included 29 studies, revealing that those with SMI are more than twice as likely to die from any infectious disease and over three times more likely to die from respiratory infections compared to the general population.
  • Variations in findings were influenced by factors such as the specific SMI diagnosis, gender, and the type of infection studied.
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Harnessing faith-based organisations for global health equity.

Lancet

January 2025

Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

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Article Synopsis
  • Stroke is a medical emergency and is assessed using the NIH Stroke Scale; improving response times is crucial for effective thrombolysis and thrombectomy treatment.
  • A local stroke course at Great Western Hospital Swindon combined traditional methods and simulations to boost the skills and confidence of 24 medical professionals in managing stroke patients from November 2022 to July 2023.
  • The course showed significant improvements in understanding and confidence regarding thrombolysis (mean score increase of 3.75), thrombectomy (mean score increase of 3.4), NIHSS scoring (mean score increase of 4.33), and overall stroke assessment (mean score increase of 2.75), with nearly all participants rating it positively.
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Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, behavioral challenges, and distinctive physical abnormalities. This case report describes a patient with SMS who presented with pneumonia and was found to have chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure, attributed to kyphoscoliosis and obesity-related conditions such as obesity hypoventilation syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea. Following treatment with non-invasive ventilation (NIV), the patient's baseline oxygen levels improved, and she was discharged with domiciliary NIV and respiratory follow-up.

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Predictors of outcomes in infants with gastroschisis treated with a preformed silo.

Pediatr Surg Int

December 2024

Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

Purpose: To describe the outcomes of infants with gastroschisis treated with a preformed silo (PFS) and determine whether routinely measured early physiological parameters, sepsis (blood culture positive), gastroschisis complexity or location of birth influenced the length of stay (LOS) and duration of parenteral nutrition (PN).

Methods: Infants cared for in a tertiary surgical neonatal intensive care unit during a 10-year period were identified.

Results: Seventy-seven infants were assessed [median gestational age 36 + 6 (IQR 35 + 3 to 38 + 0)] weeks.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study assesses the outcomes of adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma in obese versus nonobese patients, using data from 46 centers from 2012 to 2022.
  • It finds that while obesity does not significantly increase the rate of complications or comprehensive complication index (CCI), it does lead to a longer hospital stay for patients.
  • Furthermore, minimally invasive surgical techniques, like laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, are associated with less morbidity in obese patients, and a retroperitoneal approach may provide additional benefits.
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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a rare event in children and does not usually trigger investigation for malignancy. We report the case of a previously healthy female teenager presenting with unilateral leg swelling. Colour-Doppler ultrasound confirmed deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and the thrombophilia workup was negative.

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Disaster Medicine Education for Medical Students: A Scoping Review.

Cureus

December 2024

Research, Research Group on Emergency and Disaster Medicine (ReGEDiM), Free University of Brussels, Brussels, BEL.

Education and training in disaster medicine for undergraduate medical students have been advocated for years in several countries. Despite the inclusion of disaster medicine into the medical curriculum being a reality in certain countries, such as the United States and Germany, it is still under scrutiny and yet to be embraced globally. The objective of the study was to examine and map the range of literature and evidence available to support the inclusion of disaster education in the undergraduate medical curriculum and the identification of the related research gaps.

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Sex differences in lung function of adolescents or young adults born prematurely or of very low birth weight: a systematic review.

J Perinat Med

December 2024

Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

Article Synopsis
  • Prematurely born males show greater respiratory issues in childhood than females, but differences in lung function during adolescence and early adulthood are not clearly defined.
  • A systematic review analyzed 1969 studies, ultimately including seven, which revealed mixed results regarding sex differences in lung function among prematurely born individuals.
  • The findings suggest that while some studies indicated worse lung function in adult males, overall results were inconsistent, highlighting the need for further research to better understand how sex impacts lung function in those born prematurely.
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The oxytocin system in patients with craniopharyngioma: A systematic review.

Front Neuroendocrinol

November 2024

Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Craniopharyngioma is a benign tumour affecting the hypothalamic and pituitary regions, which are involved in the production and secretion of oxytocin. We conducted a systematic review to assess dysregulation of the oxytocin system in craniopharyngioma and associations with neurobehavioural, eating, and metabolic abnormalities. Eight studies (n = 72 patients) were included.

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Introduction: The evolving landscape of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) necessitates refining colonoscopic surveillance guidelines. This study outlines methodology adopted by the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) Guideline Development Group (GDG) for updating IBD colorectal surveillance guidelines.

Methods And Analysis: The 'Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation' (GRADE) approach, as outlined in the GRADE handbook, was employed.

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A Systematic Review of Simulation-Based Training Tools in Plastic Surgery.

J Surg Educ

January 2025

MRC Centre for Transplantation, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Objectives: The recent shift from traditional surgical teaching to the incorporation of simulation training in plastic surgery has resulted in the development of a variety of simulation models and tools. We aimed to assess the validity and establish the effectiveness of all currently available simulators and tools for plastic surgery.

Design: Systematic review.

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Objective: Novel subcutaneous electroencephalography (sqEEG) systems enable prolonged, near-continuous cerebral monitoring in real-world conditions. Nevertheless, the feasibility, acceptability and overall clinical utility of these systems remains unclear. We report on the longest observational study using ultra long-term sqEEG to date.

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A woman in her 70s presented with features of hyperandrogenism including clitoral enlargement and deepening of her voice. Biochemical investigations revealed raised plasma androgens and urinary androgen metabolites and imaging findings showed a highly F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET avid left adrenal tumour initially suspected to be a malignant adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). She subsequently underwent an uncomplicated laparoscopic adrenalectomy where complete resection of her tumour was achieved.

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Systematic screening for active tuberculosis amongst refugees and asylum seekers in Western Europe: Is universal chest radiography justified? A literature review.

Radiography (Lond)

November 2024

Department of Radiography, School of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is common among refugees and asylum seekers (RAAS), leading to debates about the effectiveness and safety of universal chest radiography (CXR) for screening.
  • A literature review of eight relevant studies highlighted three key themes: the impact of the 2014/15 crisis, challenges in defining TB risk, and the comparison of CXR-led versus symptom-led screening.
  • The conclusion suggests that CXR screening should focus on high-risk groups rather than a universal approach, with local protocols needed to justify its use based on TB risk assessments.
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