To Keto or Not to Keto? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Assessing the Effects of Ketogenic Therapy on Alzheimer Disease.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a global health concern with the majority of pharmacotherapy choices consisting of symptomatic treatment. Recently, ketogenic therapies have been tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), focusing on delaying disease progression and ameliorating cognitive function. The present systematic review aimed to aggregate the results of trials examining the effects of ketogenic therapy on patients with AD/mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Bioethics and Environmental Ethics: The Story of the Human Body as a Natural Ecosystem.

Is there a parallel between climate change and our body's temperature or non-compliance and failure to act on global warming? This paper proposes a model which describes the human body as part of Nature's ecosystem. By utilising the power of observation to identify a problem, environmental and applied ethics can guide action and instigate change, not only to change the predicted plot of climate change, but also the wellbeing of humans in life's story. Through a discussion on human autonomy and lessons learned from the past, earth's inhabitants can identify a balance between beneficence and non-maleficence for themselves and our planet.

AMY1 diploid copy number among end-stage renal disease patients.

Purpose: The salivary amylase gene (AMY1) copy number variation (CNV) is increased as a human adaptation to starch-enriched nutritional patterns. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between AMY1 CNV, dietary starch consumption, and anthropometric indices among a known population with elevated cardiovascular risk, being end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.

Methods: A total of 43 ESRD patients were recruited based on the following inclusion criteria: being (1) adults, (2) on hemodialysis for more than 3 months, (3) able to communicate effectively, and (4) willing to participate.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation discussions with patients admitted to acute oncology wards: A national audit of current practice.

Objectives: To map current practice regarding discussions around resuscitation across England and Scotland in patients with cancer admitted acutely to hospital and to demonstrate the value of medical students in rapidly collecting national audit data.

Methods: Collaborators from the Macmillan medical student network collected data from 251 patient encounters across eight hospitals in England and Scotland. Data were collected to identify whether discussion regarding resuscitation was documented as having taken place during inpatient admission to acute oncology.

Efficacy of Vitamin D Buccal Spray Supplementation Compared to Other Delivery Methods: A Systematic Review of Superiority Randomized Controlled Trials.

(1) Background: Vitamin D deficiency is an important public health concern and supplementation is common for this deficiency. Many different modes of delivering supplementation have been proposed in order to enhance absorption and utilization. The present review compared the efficacy of vitamin D buccal spray against other forms of supplementation delivery.

Evaluating student perceptions and awareness of social prescribing.

The importance of Social Prescribing (SP) has been highlighted in the National Health Service (NHS) Long-Term Plan. SP is enabling healthcare professionals to refer patients to a link worker, to co-design a non-clinical social prescription to improve their health and well-being. Our aim was to explore perceptions, understanding, and awareness of SP amongst United Kingdom (UK) medical students.

A Systematic Review of Medical Nutrition Therapy Guidelines for Liver Cirrhosis: Do We Agree?

Background: Nutrition can play a significant role in the management of liver cirrhosis and its complications. However, adherence to the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is essential for the practice of evidence-based medicine and is considered as a health-quality indicator.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in scientific databases, and retrieved CPGs fulfilling the inclusion criteria were independently reviewed and appraised from 3 experienced researchers, based on the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument.

Dietary management of celiac disease: Revisiting the guidelines.

Objective: Medical nutrition therapy (MNT), by lifelong compliance with a gluten-free diet, is likely the only treatment for celiac disease (CD). Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) regarding the management of CD emphasize the role of MNT over other treatment options. The aim of the present study was to review and critically appraise CD-specific MNT CPGs and identify areas in need of improvement for better adherence and outcomes.

Nutrition Interventions in Pediatric Pancreatitis: Guidelines We Can Trust.

Objective: Despite the fact that pediatric pancreatitis is an uncommon disease, its prevalence has increased in recent years. Nevertheless, until 4 years ago, the lack of nutritional guidelines for pediatric pancreatitis was evident, with all recommendations being based on clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for adults. The aim of the present study was to review and critically appraise guidelines for the medical nutrition therapy (MNT) of pediatric pancreatitis.

Venous thromboembolism risk in psychiatric in-patients: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

Aims and methodWe assessed venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, barriers to prescribing VTE prophylaxis and completion of VTE risk assessment in psychiatric in-patients. This was a cross-sectional study conducted across three centres. We used the UK Department of Health VTE risk assessment tool which had been adapted for psychiatric patients.

Hypertension and renal impairment in patients with cystinuria: findings from a specialist cystinuria centre.

Higher blood pressures (mean systolic difference 16.8 mmHg) when compared to matched individuals are already reported in patients with calcium urolithiasis. We present the prevalence of hypertension and renal impairment in patients with cystinuria from our specialist single centre.

Oral Adjuvant Curcumin Therapy for Attaining Clinical Remission in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Curcumin has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties and has been investigated as an adjuvant therapy of ulcerative colitis (UC). The scope of this study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy of oral curcumin administration as an adjuvant therapy of UC. MEDLINE, Cochrane/CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.

AGREEing on Guidelines for Nutrition Management of Adult Severe Burn Patients.

Background: Severe burns are associated with a plethora of profound metabolic, immunologic, and physiologic responses, demanding prompt and adequate management. The objective of the present study was to review, compare, and critically appraise medical nutrition therapy guidelines for adult patients with severe burns, and produce salient points for the future update of relevant guidelines.

Methods: A total of 8 clinical practice guidelines developed by the American Burn Association (ABA), the European Burn Association (EBA), the European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN), the Midlands National Health Service, the Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM)/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN), the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units and Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, the Indian Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (IAPEN), and the International Society for Burn Injury regarding medical nutrition therapy in burn patients was independently reviewed by a team of 4 multidisciplinary researchers using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument.

Disease-related autoantibody profile in patients with systemic sclerosis.

Background: Autoantibodies (autoAbs) help in diagnosis and predicting clinical phenotypes in systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Aim Of The Study: To determine the clinical utility of 13 SSc-related autoAbs in SSc patients.

Material And Methods: A total of 131 consecutive patients with SSc (111 female, mean age 58.

Fate of abstracts presented at the annual meetings of the American association of clinical anatomists.

A recent study examined the rate of full-length research paper publication following abstract presentation at the British association of clinical anatomists (BACA) annual meetings. The accepted standard for research dissemination is peer-reviewed publication following presentation at a national or international meeting. The study objectives were quantitative assessment of the abstracts presented at the American Association of Clinical Anatomists' (AACA) annual meetings with regards to the rate of subsequent full-length publication and comparison to BACA publication rates.

Success and Recurrence Rate after Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Plantar Fasciopathy: A Retrospective Study.

Background and Aims. The exploration of an individualised protocol of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) for plantar fasciopathy, assessing success rates and the recurrence rate over a 1-year period after treatment, is not yet identified in literature. Methods and Results.

Capsular Contracture after Breast Augmentation: An Update for Clinical Practice.

Capsular contracture is the most common complication following implant based breast surgery and is one of the most common reasons for reoperation. Therefore, it is important to try and understand why this happens, and what can be done to reduce its incidence. A literature search using the MEDLINE database was conducted including search terms 'capsular contracture breast augmentation', 'capsular contracture pathogenesis', 'capsular contracture incidence', and 'capsular contracture management', which yielded 82 results which met inclusion criteria.

ERCP cannulation success benchmarking: implications for certification and validation.

Objective: Investigate success rates of cannulating a 'virgin' papilla during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) at a tertiary referral centre; determine reasons for failure and propose learnings for consideration in future revision of success benchmarking.

Design: Review of all ERCPs recorded on Endosoft database from 2006 to 2012 (n=1862). Specifically, 'virgin' papillae, defined as those with no evidence of prior surgical intervention, stents or sphincterotomy (n=947).

Am I normal? A systematic review and construction of nomograms for flaccid and erect penis length and circumference in up to 15,521 men.

Objective: To systematically review and create nomograms of flaccid and erect penile size measurements.

Methods: Study key eligibility criteria: measurement of penis size by a health professional using a standard procedure; a minimum of 50 participants per sample.

Exclusion Criteria: samples with a congenital or acquired penile abnormality, previous surgery, complaint of small penis size or erectile dysfunction.