Acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, heterogeneous, multifactorial condition, which is part of the overarching syndrome of acute kidney diseases and disorders. This condition's incidence highest in low-income and middle-income countries. In the short term, AKI is associated with increased mortality, an increased risk of complications, extended stays in hospital, and high health-care costs.

International Expert-Based Consensus Definition, Classification Criteria, and Minimum Data Elements for Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw: An Inter-Disciplinary Modified Delphi Study.

Purpose: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) is a severe iatrogenic disease characterized by bone death after radiation therapy (RT) to the head and neck. With over 9 published definitions and at least 16 classification systems, the true incidence and severity of ORNJ are obscured by lack of a standard for disease definition and severity assessment, leading to inaccurate estimation of incidence, reporting ambiguity, and likely under-diagnosis worldwide. This study aimed to achieve consensus on an explicit definition and phenotype of ORNJ and related precursor states through data standardization to facilitate effective diagnosis, monitoring, and multidisciplinary management of ORNJ.

Diffusion changes in minimally invasive parafascicular approach for deep-seated tumours: impact on clinical outcomes.

Minimally invasive parafascicular surgery (MIPS) with the use of tubular retractors achieve a safe resection in deep seated tumours. Diffusion changes noted on postoperative imaging; the significance and clinical correlation of this remains poorly understood. Single centre retrospective cohort study of neuro-oncology patients undergoing MIPS.

Disentangling the neural underpinnings of response inhibition in disruptive behavior and co-occurring ADHD.

While impaired response inhibition has been reported in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), findings in disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) have been inconsistent, probably due to unaccounted effects of co-occurring ADHD in DBD. This study investigated the associations of behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition with DBD and ADHD symptom severity, covarying for each other in a dimensional approach. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were available for 35 children and adolescents with DBDs (8-18 years old, 19 males), and 31 age-matched unaffected controls (18 males) while performing a performance-adjusted stop-signal task.

Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy in a Prospective Cohort of 52 Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Possible Critical Role of Age and Lesion Volume for Predicting Tremor Relapse.

Background: Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy of ventral intermediate (Vim) nucleus is useful to treat drug-resistant tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (TdPD), but tremor relapse may occur. Predictors of relapse have been poorly investigated so far.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of clinico-demographic, procedural, and neuroradiological variables in determining clinical response, relapse, and adverse events (AEs) in TdPD after MRgFUS Vim-thalamotomy.

Industry updates from the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine in December 2024.

Latest developments in the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine compiled from publicly available information and press releases from non-academic institutions in December 2024.

Association between herpes simplex virus infection and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: analysis within the MAPT trial.

In vitro and animal studies have suggested that inoculation with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) can lead to amyloid deposits, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and/or neuronal loss. Here, we studied the association between HSV-1 and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in humans. Our sample included 182 participants at risk of cognitive decline from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial who had HSV-1 plasma serology and an amyloid PET scan.

RIF1 integrates DNA repair and transcriptional requirements during the establishment of humoral immune responses.

The establishment of protective immune responses relies on the ability of terminally differentiated B cells to secrete a broad variety of antigen-specific antibodies with different effector functions. RIF1 is a multifunctional protein that promotes antibody isotype diversification via its DNA end protection activity during class switch recombination. In this study, we showed that RIF1 ablation resulted in increased plasmablast formation ex vivo and enhanced terminal differentiation into plasma cells upon immunization.

Rethinking alcoholic foamy degeneration of the liver: a study of nine cases highlighting complex pathological findings.

Aims: To reveal clinicopathological characteristics of alcoholic foamy degeneration (AFD)-an uncommon form of alcoholic liver injury.

Methods: Clinicopathological features of AFD (n=9) were examined in comparison to those of severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH; n=12).

Results: Patients with AFD presented with either biochemical liver dysfunction (n=1) or clinical jaundice (n=8).

Patient perspective on predictive models in healthcare: translation into practice, ethical implications and limitations?

In this perspective article, we consider the use of predictive models in healthcare and associated challenges. We will argue that patients can play a valuable role in supporting the safe and practicable embedding of such tools and provide some examples.

Estimating the epidemiological and economic impact of providing nutritional care for tuberculosis-affected households across India: a modelling study.

Background: Approximately 20% of global tuberculosis incidence is attributable to undernutrition, increasing to more than a third in India. Targeting nutritional interventions to tuberculosis-affected households is a policy priority, but understanding of epidemiological and economic impacts is limited. We aimed to estimate the population-level epidemiological and economic effect of such an intervention.

A constitutive interferon-high immunophenotype defines response to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

Fewer than 50% of metastatic deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC) patients respond to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). Identifying and expanding this patient population remains a pressing clinical need. Here, we report that an interferon-high immunophenotype locally enriched in cytotoxic lymphocytes and antigen-presenting macrophages is required for response.

Programming of synthetic regulatory DNA for cell-type targeting in humans.

In a recent study in Nature, Gosai et al. introduce a framework to engineer and validate synthetic DNA regulatory elements showing cell-type-specific activity in human cell lines, closing the distance to the machine-driven design of functional regulatory sequences with therapeutic applications in humans.

Self-directed violence and unclear intent presentation within a major trauma system. A multisite analysis.

Background: Determining trauma as an act of Self-directed violence (SDV) or from high risk or unclear behaviours is challenging for trauma clinicians and may be affected by patient sex and mechanism of injury. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in characteristics and outcomes between those who have intentionally directed violence towards themselves with those of unclear intent, within a regional trauma system.

Methods: Data was collected between January 2018 and December 2021 in patients who had been identified as a result of either self-directed violence (SDV) defined as any intentional act that can cause injury to one's self, including death or participated in high-risk behaviours, where the intent was unclear (UI).

What are the challenges that social prescribers face when supporting people within dementia and how can these be addressed? A qualitative study.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that social prescribing might have a positive impact on identity, control, creativity and quality of life in people with dementia. While evidence on the benefits of social prescribing is accumulating, there is a sparsity of research on the experiences of social prescribers. This study aims to identify the challenges that social prescribers face when supporting people with dementia and their families and strategies to address these.

Permeability Benchmarking: Guidelines for Comparing , , and Measurements.

Permeability is a measure of the degree to which cells can transport molecules across biological barriers. Units of permeability are distance per unit time (typically cm/s), where accurate measurements are needed to define drug delivery in homeostasis and to model dysfunction occurring during disease. This perspective offers a set of community-led guidelines to benchmark permeability data across multidisciplinary approaches and different biological contexts.