A face-to-face survey on the practice of ophthalmic clinicians in the management of dry eye disease in patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Introduction: Dry eye disease (DED) can impact the accuracy of biometry measurements prior to cataract surgery (CS), influence visual performance post-CS, and can be exacerbated by CS. We performed a survey to evaluate the DED practice of clinicians directly caring for CS patients.

Design: Prospective face-to-face survey.

Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict the Risk of Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysms: a Systematic Review.

Purpose: Subarachnoid haemorrhage is a potentially fatal consequence of intracranial aneurysm rupture, however, it is difficult to predict if aneurysms will rupture. Prophylactic treatment of an intracranial aneurysm also involves risk, hence identifying rupture-prone aneurysms is of substantial clinical importance. This systematic review aims to evaluate the performance of machine learning algorithms for predicting intracranial aneurysm rupture risk.

RELAX (REducing Levels of AnXiety): a study protocol for a parallel two-arm randomised controlled trial evaluating a web-based early intervention for pregnant women with high levels of repetitive negative thinking to prevent escalating anxiety during pregnancy and after birth.

Background: Perinatal anxiety is common: up to 40% of pregnant women and new mothers experience high levels of anxiety. Given its prevalence, interventions that are low-intensity, highly accessible and cost-efficient, and target modifiable risk factors for anxiety are needed. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT)-such as worrying about ways things will go wrong in the future or ruminating about past negative events-is a risk factor for the development of anxiety.

The effects of field strength on stimulated echo and motion-compensated spin-echo diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance sequences.

Background: In-vivo diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DT-CMR) is an emerging technique for microstructural tissue characterization in the myocardium. Most studies are performed at 3T, where higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) should benefit this signal-starved method. However, a few studies have suggested that DT-CMR is possible at 1.

Why do children under 5 years go to the GP in Lambeth: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study identifies the most common recorded reason for attendance to primary care for children under 5 years old, including a breakdown via age, ethnicity, deprivation quintile and sex.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: 39 of 40 general practices in Lambeth, London, UK.

Ethnicity differences in geometric remodelling and myocardial composition in hypertension unveiled by cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Aims: Hypertensive patients of African ancestry (Afr-a) have higher incidences of heart failure and worse clinical outcomes than hypertensive patients of European ancestry (Eu-a), yet the underlying mechanisms remain misunderstood. This study investigated right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular remodelling alongside myocardial tissue derangements between Afr-a and Eu-a hypertensives.

Methods And Results: 63 Afr-a and 47 Eu-a hypertensives underwent multi-parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Vitamin D metabolism in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a prospective observational study.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients is associated with poor outcomes, and vitamin D supplementation is recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease. Whether acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with altered Vitamin D metabolism is unknown. We aimed to compare the longitudinal profiles of serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)D concentrations in critically ill patients with and without moderate to severe AKI and explore the impact of renal recovery and parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Rates of venous thromboembolism associated with acute psychiatric admission: A retrospective cohort study.

The present study aimed to identify rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) amongst patients treated in inpatient mental health units using linked primary care and mental health care records. Patients resident in the London Borough of Lambeth admitted to mental health units in Southeast London between January 2008 and March 2019 were included, as well as a control group of patients being treated in the community for mental illness. The primary outcome measure was a diagnosis of VTE being recorded in GP records during or within 3 months of an admission to a mental health unit.

The impact of the size and angle of the cochlear basal turn on translocation of a pre-curved mid-scala cochlear implant electrode.

Scalar translocation is a severe form of intra-cochlear trauma during cochlear implant (CI) electrode insertion. This study explored the hypothesis that the dimensions of the cochlear basal turn and orientation of its inferior segment relative to surgically relevant anatomical structures influence the scalar translocation rates of a pre-curved CI electrode. In a cohort of 40 patients implanted with the Advanced Bionics Mid-Scala electrode array, the scalar translocation group (40%) had a significantly smaller mean distance A of the cochlear basal turn (p < 0.

Inside the 'imperfect mosaic': Minority ethnic women's qualitative experiences of race and ethnicity during pregnancy, childbirth, and maternity care in the United Kingdom.

Background: Persistent, high rates of maternal mortality amongst ethnic minorities is one of the UK's starkest examples of racial disparity. With greater risks of adverse outcomes during maternity care, ethnic minority women are subjected to embedded, structural and systemic discrimination throughout the healthcare service.

Methods: Fourteen semi-structured interviews were undertaken with minority ethnic women who had recent experience of UK maternity care.

Determinants of lipid clinic referral and attendance in a multi-ethnic adult population in south London: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Primary dyslipidaemias, including familial hypercholesterolaemia, are underdiagnosed genetic disorders that substantially increase risk for premature coronary artery disease in adults. Early identification of primary dyslipidaemias via lipid clinic referral optimises patient management and enables cascade screening of relatives. Improving the identification of primary dyslipidaemias, and understanding disparities in ascertainment and management, is an NHS priority.

An artificial intelligence tool for automated analysis of large-scale unstructured clinical cine cardiac magnetic resonance databases.

Aims: Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been proposed for automating analysis of short-axis (SAX) cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), but no CMR analysis tool exists to automatically analyse large (unstructured) clinical CMR datasets. We develop and validate a robust AI tool for start-to-end automatic quantification of cardiac function from SAX cine CMR in large clinical databases.

Methods And Results: Our pipeline for processing and analysing CMR databases includes automated steps to identify the correct data, robust image pre-processing, an AI algorithm for biventricular segmentation of SAX CMR and estimation of functional biomarkers, and automated post-analysis quality control to detect and correct errors.

The Validity and Applicability of the Revised Delirium Rating Scale (DRS-R98) for Delirium Severity Assessment in a Critical Care Setting.

Background: Delirium is a neuropsychiatric syndrome common in critical illness. Worsening delirium severity is associated with poorer clinical outcomes, yet its assessment remains under-reported with most severity assessment tools not validated for critical care. The DRS-R98 is a widely applied and validated tool.

Long-term survival following transvenous lead extraction: unpicking differences according to sex.

Aims: Female sex is a recognized risk factor for procedure-related major complications including in-hospital mortality following transvenous lead extraction (TLE). Long-term outcomes following TLE stratified by sex are unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors influencing long-term survival in patients undergoing TLE according to sex.

Three-Dimensional Printing Applications in Thoracic Surgery.

Advances in technology allowing the combination of medical imaging and three-dimensional printing have greatly benefitted thoracic surgery, allowing for the creation of complex prostheses. Surgical education is also a significant application of three-dimensional printing, especially for the development of simulation-based training models. Aiming to show how three-dimensional printing can benefit patients and clinicians in thoracic surgery, an optimized method to create patient-specific chest wall prosthesis using three-dimensional printing was developed and clinically validated.

Cohort profile: The South London Stroke Register - a population-based register measuring the incidence and outcomes of stroke.

Purpose: The South London Stroke Register (SLSR) is a population-based cohort study, which was established in 1995 to study the causes, incidence, and outcomes of stroke. The SLSR aims to estimate incidence, and acute and long term needs in a multi-ethnic inner-city population, with follow-up durations for some participants exceeding 20 years.

Participants: The SLSR aims to recruit residents of a defined area within Lambeth and Southwark who experience a first stroke.

Time and Motion Studies to assess surgical productivity in cataract theatre lists within the National Health Service: Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery versus Delayed Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery.

Background: To compare productivity of National Health Service cataract lists performing unilateral cataract (UC) surgery vs Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery (ISBCS).

Methods: Five 4-hour lists with ISBCS cases and five with UC were observed using time and motion studies (TMS). Individual tasks and timings of each staff member in theatre was recorded by two observers.