Status of Sepsis Care in European Hospitals: Results from an International Cross-Sectional Survey.

Rationale: Early detection, standardized therapy, adequate infrastructure and strategies for quality improvement should constitute essential components of every hospital's sepsis plan.

Objectives: To investigate the extent to which recommendations from the sepsis guidelines are implemented and the availability of infrastructure for the care of patients with sepsis in acute hospitals.

Methods: A multidisciplinary cross-sectional questionnaire was used to investigate sepsis care in hospitals.

Endocrinologic Dysfunctions and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Pediatric Patients With a History of Central Nervous System Infection (ENDLESS): A Prospective Monocentric Study.

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) infections represent some of the most critical pediatric health challenges, characterized by high mortality rates and a notable risk of long-term complications. Despite their significance, standardized guidelines for endocrinological follow-up of CNS infection survivors are lacking, leading to reliance on the expertise of individual centers and clinicians.

Materials And Methods: Prospective monocentric observational study conducted at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli in Rome, Italy.

Kinetic Oscillation Stimulation for the Preventive Treatment of Chronic Migraine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial.

Background And Objectives: The Chordate System administers kinetic oscillation stimulation (K.O.S) into the nasal cavity thereby potentially modulating the activity of trigemino-autonomic reflex.

The United Kingdom's House of Lords and Baroness Trixie Gardner (1927-2024).

Few in the UK, let alone foreigners understand the British Parliamentary system and the nobility. This paper outlines the origins and roles of the Houses of Commons and Lords. It discusses the hereditary system and an important development, Life Peerages.

The theory of mind hypothesis of autism: A critical evaluation of the status quo.

The theory of mind (ToM) hypothesis of autism is the idea that difficulties inferring the mental states of others may explain social communication difficulties in autism. In the present article, we critically evaluate existing theoretical accounts, concluding that none provides a sufficient explanation of ToM in autism. We then evaluate existing tests of ToM, identifying problems that limit the validity of the conclusions that may be drawn from them.

Enhanced creativity in autism is due to co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

There has been longstanding speculation that enhanced creativity is associated with autism. Evidence for this association, however, is limited and derived from small-scale studies in nonclinical samples. Furthermore, nothing is known about autism-related creativity after accounting for general cognitive ability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), that is, other factors known to predict creativity.

Trends in Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Care and Long-Term Outcomes.

Importance: Reducing the burden of stroke is a public health priority. While higher stroke incidence among ethnic minority populations (defined in the context of this study as individuals who are not White) is well established, reports on ethnic inequalities in care or outcomes are conflicting and often limited to hospital-admitted patients and short-term outcomes.

Objective: To investigate ethnic differences in stroke care and outcomes up to 5 years after stroke and describe temporal trends and contributory factors.

Expert Rater Agreement for Symptoms and Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in Youth.

The diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) in young children has been a topic of debate, in part owing to varied interpretation of manic-like symptoms. We examined how expert academic clinicians participating in the pediatric bipolar biobank varied in their interpretation and application of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria and diagnoses. Study co-investigators reviewed 12 standardized narratives and for each marked a visual analog scale with their confidence in the presence of manic episodes and criteria.

Survival benefit of cancer-directed surgery and the role of adjuvant therapy in malignant major salivary gland cancers: a propensity score matched retrospective analysis.

Background: The primary objective of this study was to assess the benefit of cancer-directed surgery (CDS) on both overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with malignant major salivary gland cancers (MMSGCs). The secondary objective was to explore the benefits of adjuvant therapy on the survival outcomes of these patients.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with MMSGC were extracted from the SEER database and subsequently categorized into two cohorts: CDS and non-CDS.

Lymphatic leaks - success of intranodal lymphangiogram first strategy.

Background: Lymphatic leaks are associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Intranodal lymphangiography (ILAG) involves the direct injection of ethiodised lipid into the hilum of lymph nodes. It is diagnostic procedure that can have therapeutic effects secondary to a local sclerosant effect.

Performance of Noninvasive Tests for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis and Liver Fibrosis Resolution after Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Noninvasive tests (NITs) to monitor metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) progression and response to interventions are needed because of the risks of liver biopsy. A monocytes-based diagnostic test using perilipin-2 (PLIN2) and Ras-related protein-14 (RAB14) predict the severity of MASH and fibrosis. Here we compared the performances of PLIN2 and RAB14 with cytokeratin-18 (CK18) assessed by Ella™ or M65 ELISA in predicting MASH and fibrosis resolution following bariatric surgery in a longitudinal and histologically characterized cohort of individuals with obesity.

Physician Engagement in Addressing Health-Related Social Needs and Burnout.

Importance: Previous research suggests that a greater capacity of health care organizations to address patients' health-related social needs (HRSNs) is associated with lower physician burnout. However, individual physician-level engagement in addressing HRSNs has not been fully characterized, and its association with physician burnout remains understudied.

Objective: To characterize physicians' engagement in addressing HRSNs and examine its association with burnout.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is associated with sleep disturbances. Moreover, individuals with sleep disturbances have been reported to have a higher risk for developing AD. The measurement of sleep behavior therefore opens the opportunity for a potential digital biomarker of AD.

Biomarkers.

Background: A key characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is cerebral aggregation of tau. These aggregates can be quantified and localized with positron emission tomography (PET), which improves the diagnostic and prognostic work-up of AD. However, tau-PET is expensive and not available in clinical settings globally.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood biomarkers alone can detect amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. We assessed whether combining different plasma biomarkers improves the detection of Aβ-positivity and identifies rapid amyloid deposition in CU individuals.

Method: CU participants from the ALFA+ cohort were included.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) plasma biomarkers change in the preclinical stage of AD. However, the robustness of the discrimination performance of these biomarkers, as well as their association with longitudinal primary pathology (amyloid and tau) changes, is less understood. We aimed to determine the ability of baseline and longitudinal plasma amyloid-β (Aβ)42/40, p-tau181, GFAP and NfL to detect primary pathology in CU individuals at risk of AD.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating disease at an individual level and for the wider society. Despite huge research efforts the underlaying causes of AD is still not well understood. We know that lipid metabolism is fundamental for maintaining a heathy brain and that some of the strongest risk factors for AD, such as APOE4, affect lipids.

Biomarkers.

Background: Emerging evidence underscores the importance of neuroinflammation in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Recent studies indicate the involvement of the inflammatory mechanisms both in amyloid- β (Aβ) and tau deposition in the brain. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the immune responses and the intricate interplay between the peripheral and the central nervous systems, identifying biomarkers that reflect the brain´s inflammatory state in AD has been a challenge.

Biomarkers.

Background: In-vivo PET imaging studies have demonstrated neuroinflammation (microglia reactivity) in the neocortex of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, the extent and implication of microglia reactivity in white matter regions remains unclear. Here, we explored microglia reactivity in white matter using PET imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO) in relation to core AD biomarkers (amyloid, tau, and astrogliosis), microstructural damage, and cognitive decline.

Biomarkers.

Background: Fluid biomarkers provide a convenient way to predict AD pathophysiology. However, few studies have focused on determining associations with tau neurofibrillary tangle pathology in the early preclinical AD continuum, relevant to prevention strategies.

Methods: Ninety-nine cognitively unimpaired individuals from the ALFA+ cohort with valid F-RO-948 and F-flutemetamol PET, T1-weighted MRI, cognition, CSF, and plasma biomarkers were included.

Biomarkers.

Background: Individuals with dual decline in gait and cognition have a greater risk of developing dementia. Understanding when gait speed declines relative to measures affected early in Alzheimer's disease can improve risk assessment.

Method: Using data for 761 participants (1,108 cognitively unimpaired visits) from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we estimated the trajectories of gait speed, memory (California Verbal Learning Test [CVLT] immediate recall score), hippocampal volume, and plasma Aβ/Aβ, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and p-tau181.

Biomarkers.

Background: Patterns of regional atrophy and hypometabolism have been observed in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, determinants of regional vulnerability to structural and functional neurodegeneration remain largely unexplored. First, we investigated the association between regional gene expression and grey matter volumes in probable DLB patients.

Biomarkers.

Background: We examined whether brain amyloid PET, hippocampal volume, or plasma biomarkers are better predictors of conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Method: In the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), plasma Aβ, Aβ, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) concentrations were measured using Quanterix Simoa Neurology 4-plex E. Plasma p-tau181 and p-tau231 concentrations were measured using in-house Simoa assays at University of Gothenburg.

Biomarkers.

Background: Co-pathology between Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) remains poorly understood but is relevant for trial design. We aimed to compare CSF markers of amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration (ATN) and α-synuclein between AD, PD, DLB and controls, and investigate the influence of demographical, genetic, and clinical factors on amyloid positivity.

Method: As part of the EPND study, we included 337 individuals with AD, PD, DLB and controls from 6 centers.