Global linear accelerator requirements and personalised country recommendations: a cross-sectional, population-based study.

Background: The Linear Accelerator Shortage Index (LSI) is a practical tool for prioritising the deployment of linear accelerators (LINACs) in various regions within a country. The LSI reflects the ratio of LINAC demand to current availability. The aim of this study was to use the LSI to predict global LINAC needs and classify countries according to the degree of radiotherapy shortage (LINAC shortage grade).

How do we co-produce care planning with people living with dementia: A scoping review.

Background: Legislation, policy and clinical guidance champions the values of co-production in good care planning; however, it is unclear what kind of information is available in the literature about how concepts of co-production have been applied in practice to care planning from the perspective of people living with dementia and their carers as experts-by-experience. A scoping review was conducted to map the current evidence addressing care planning co-production practice from the perspectives of people living with dementia and their carers across various settings of dementia care.

Methods: A two-phase process was employed.

Validated LC-MS/MS methodology for the quantification of CBD, trace level THCA and UK controlled cannabinoids (Δ-THC, Δ-THC, CBN and THCV) in food samples.

Products containing cannabidiol (CBD) have become increasingly popular due to consumer-perceived benefits of improving health and well-being. More specifically in the United Kingdom (UK), CBD food products are categorised as . For these products to remain on the market, they must have authorisation from the Food Standards Agency on the basis that they are safe, correctly labelled, and do not contain substances classified under controlled drugs legislation in accordance with any existing or future Home Office guidance.

Profile and methodology of ancillary protective measures employed during percutaneous renal cryoablation in a single high-volume centre.

Objectives: To evaluate the at-risk organs that require protection during percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) of renal tumours and the correlation with patient and target lesion characteristics, type of protective measure used and postoperative outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Single-centre retrospective review of patients with renal tumours who underwent PCA between 2008 and 2020. Final analysis included 374 tumours.

Spinal cord injury in abusive and accidental head injury in children, a neuropathological investigation.

The diagnosis of abusive head trauma (AbHT) in children is a challenging one that needs to be differentiated from natural disease and accidental head injury (AcHT). There is increasing evidence from the Neuroradiology field showing spinal cord injury in children subject to AbHT, which has, so far, been poorly investigated pathologically. In this study we retrospectively reviewed the forensic records of 110 paediatric head injury cases over an eight-year-period.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Virtual "Dementia Awareness for Caregivers" Course in Brazil and India.

Objective: To establish whether a virtual dementia awareness course is feasible for caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil and India.

Methods: A pre/posttest single group, multisite feasibility study, mixed methods exploratory design was applied. Primary caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil and India took a 3 to 4-hour course adapted for online delivery, with 10 to 15 caregivers.

The Impact of Child and Adolescent Inpatient Psychiatric Admissions Out-of-Area or to Adult Wards: A Systematic Review.

Child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient admissions out-of-area or to adult wards are frequently discussed in the national media. No previous systematic reviews have investigated the impact of such admissions. Systematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, King's Fund, Google Scholar, The Health Foundation, Social Care Online, Cochrane Library, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Web of Science and Econ light databases were conducted alongside grey literature searches.

The Prevalence and Progression of Microvascular Complications and the Interaction With Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are serious complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The reported estimates of prevalence and progression of DN and DR vary widely across studies. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the extent to which these variations in prevalence and progression of DN and DR may relate to different ethnic groups and socioeconomic status (SES).

Environmental contributions to cognitive development: The role of cognitive stimulation.

Early environmental experiences influence children's cognitive and neural development. In particular, cognitive stimulation, defined as environmental inputs that engage the senses and provide learning opportunities for children, fosters acquisition of knowledge across various cognitive domains. Low levels of cognitive stimulation in early life may restrict learning opportunities, contributing to lasting consequences for neural development and later academic and occupational achievement.

Structural changes in troponin during activation of skeletal and heart muscle determined in situ by polarised fluorescence.

Calcium binding to troponin triggers the contraction of skeletal and heart muscle through structural changes in the thin filaments that allow myosin motors from the thick filaments to bind to actin and drive filament sliding. Here, we review studies in which those changes were determined in demembranated fibres of skeletal and heart muscle using fluorescence for in situ structure (FISS), which determines domain orientations using polarised fluorescence from bifunctional rhodamine attached to cysteine pairs in the target domain. We describe the changes in the orientations of the N-terminal lobe of troponin C (TnC) and the troponin IT arm in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells associated with contraction and compare the orientations with those determined in isolated cardiac thin filaments by cryo-electron microscopy.

A randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole in addition to mood stabilisers for patients with treatment-resistant bipolar depression (the PAX-BD study).

Background: Options for 'treatment-resistant bipolar depression' (TRBD) are limited. Two small, short-term, trials of pramipexole suggest it might be an option.

Aims: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of pramipexole in the management of TRBD.

IL-25 Enhances B Cell Responses in Type 2 Inflammation Through IL-17RB Receptor.

Background: Alarmin cytokine IL-25 promotes type 2 inflammatory responses in disorders such as asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and known targets include ILC2 and Th2 cells. However, other cellular targets for IL-25 remain poorly defined.

Objective: To investigate induction and expression of IL-25 receptor (IL-17RB) by B cells and evaluate responsiveness of IL-17RB-expressing B cells to IL-25 in vitro.

Metabolic Effects of Glucagon Stimulations in Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Controls.

Introduction: Metabolic responses to glucagon beyond the promotion of endogenous glucose production in type 1 diabetes remains poorly explored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the metabolic responses to glucagon stimulation in type 1 diabetes and explore whether recent exposure to hypoglycemia would impact glucagon sensitivity.

Research Design And Methods: Twenty-nine participants, 19 with type 1 diabetes and ten healthy controls, underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with five-stepwise ascending glucagon injections.

Towards a unified, yet pluralistic, account of Capgras' delusion.

Introduction: In this paper, we present a new way of thinking about what is going on in cases of Capgras delusion which is a more varied presentation than represented in the literature. We do this by reflecting on the fundamental nature of identification, and then draw some lessons from this for understanding misidentification in general and Capgras delusion cases in particular. What emerges, through the conceptual tool of "mental files", is a unified, yet pluralistic, account of delusional misidentification of the Capgras type.

Industry updates from the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine in November 2024.

Latest developments in the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine compiled from publicly available information and press releases from non-academic institutions in November 2024.

Racialized migrant women's discrimination in maternal care: a scoping review.

Background: Despite equality and quality being the core of good healthcare, racial and ethnic inequalities continue to persist. Racialized groups, including racialized migrant women, experience various forms of discrimination-particularly during maternal care encounters, where intersectional forms of discrimination may occur. Experiences of discrimination in maternal care have been associated with poor health-seeking behavior and adverse maternal health outcomes.

Proposed resources required for a comprehensive program for CCT CHD imaging.

Background: Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) is increasingly used for evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD) in patients of all ages. Pediatric and adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) surgical programs require high quality CCT imaging as part of the multimodality imaging support expected of comprehensive care centers. Despite these expectations, there are no benchmarks or defined programmatic elements specific to the performance of CCT in patients with CHD.

Surgical performance anxiety among UK oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

This study of clinicians working in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) in the United Kingdom (UK) investigates the prevalence and character of surgical performance anxiety (SPA), a state of anxiety in response to negative evaluation by others concerning the performance of a surgical task. There is growing awareness of the impact of non-technical skills on patient outcomes with some research into SPA, but this is not OMFS-specific, and the understanding of performance anxiety in surgery falls behind comparable performance-driven professions. A prospective mixed-methods study was therefore conducted among UK OMFS clinicians using an electronic survey.

Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review.

The predictive coding framework postulates that the human brain continuously generates predictions about the environment, maximizing successes and minimizing failures based on prior experiences and beliefs. This PRISMA-compliant systematic review aims to comprehensively and transdiagnostically examine the differences in predictive coding between individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders and healthy controls. We included 72 case-control studies investigating predictive coding as the primary outcome and reporting behavioral, neuroimaging, or electrophysiological findings.

Advancing precision psychiatry and targeted treatments: Insights from immunopsychiatry.

Despite tremendous advancements in neuroscience, there has been limited impact on patient care. Current psychiatric treatments are largely non-specific, and drug development is hindered by outdated, overinclusive diagnostic categories and a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Additionally, mechanisms underlying psychiatric illnesses and their treatments with conventional medications remain poorly understood.

Descriptives and genetic correlates of eating disorder diagnostic transitions and presumed remission in the Danish registry.

Objective: Eating disorders (EDs) are serious psychiatric disorders with an estimated 3.3 million healthy life-years lost worldwide yearly. Understanding the course of illness, diagnostic transitions and remission, and their associated genetic correlates could inform both ED etiology and treatment.