Management Outcomes of Variceal Bleeding in Northern Tanzania: Insights From a Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

Aims: Due to the expensiveness and unavailability of endoscopy management in Tanzania, the management outcomes of variceal bleeding are unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the management outcomes of patients with variceal bleeding.

Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between April 2012 and April 2022.

Pediatric Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumor Mimicking Appendicitis: A Case Report From a Low-Resource Setting.

Ovarian yolk sac tumors (OYSTs), also known as endodermal sinus tumors, are rare and highly malignant germ cell tumors, accounting for approximately 1% of all ovarian cancers. They predominantly affect children and young adults, with a rapid growth rate and early metastasis, making early diagnosis and treatment crucial. This report presents the case of a 6-year-old female from a low-resource setting who initially presented with symptoms suggestive of acute appendicitis, including abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting.

Management of a Borderline Brenner Tumor of the Ovary in a Premenopausal Woman in Northern Tanzania. A Rare Case Report and Review of the Current Literature.

Brenner tumors are rare ovarian neoplasms that are typically small and unilateral. Most cases are benign; less than 5% of all Brenner tumors are borderline or proliferative. Brenner tumors originate from the follicular epithelium and consist of ovarian transitional cells surrounded by fibrous tissue.

Type 3B jejunoileal atresia management at a tertiary hospital in northern Tanzania: A report of three cases.

Key Clinical Message: Jejunalileal atresia is a cause of intestinal obstruction in the newborn, hence a surgical emergency. Prenatal diagnosis can be made by simple obstetric ultrasound and postnatal by plain abdominal x-ray to plan a multidisciplinary approach to reduce morbidity and neonatal mortality.

Abstract: Atresia can occur anywhere along the intestines and is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in neonates.

A case of corrosive tracheoesophageal fistula: A complication of button battery ingestion.

Key Clinical Message: Button battery ingestion has been a common condition encountered by otorhinolaryngologists. Impaction in the esophagus can lead to serious and fatal complications such as tracheoesophageal fistula. Management involves a multidisciplinary team and varies from supportive therapy to surgical intervention.

Economic priorities over population health: A political dilemma in addressing noncommunicable diseases in developing countries.

The world is observing a rapid shift in the burden of diseases with predominance of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs contribute to 41 million deaths which is equivalent to 74% of all death globally per year. There is ongoing debate on the approaches to reduce public exposure to NCDs' modifiable risk factors which are of economic potential.

Distal penile pyogenic granuloma: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: The mainstays of treatment for granuloma pyogenicum include careful evaluation of any penile growth, thorough excision of the polypoid, histological examination, and close monitoring to check relapse and management.

Abstract: Pyogenic granuloma is an acquired noncancerous vascular proliferation that arises from the mucosa and skin, seldom subcutaneously or intravascularly. It is also referred to as telangiectasis granuloma or lobular capillary haemangioma.

Management of a pure uterine corpus rhabdomyosarcoma in a postmenopausal patient: A rare case report and review of the literature.

Key Clinical Message: Rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genital tract often involves the vagina and cervix. It usually occurs in infants and children. Such tumors are uncommon in the uterus, especially in adults.

Gestational macromastia complicating pregnancy: A case report of unusual bilateral giant breasts in a patient who had no such problem in her previous pregnancies.

Key Clinical Message: Gestational macromastia is a rare disorder involving excessive breast tissue enlargement during pregnancy, potentially threatening the fetus and the mother. Our patient's previous pregnancies were more physiological, without any associated symptoms.

Abstract: Moderate bilateral enlargement of the breasts is a normal finding during pregnancy and lactation.

A multidisciplinary approach to management of a non-traumatic subdural hematoma in the third trimester of pregnancy: A case report and review of literature.

Key Message: Although non-traumatic SDHs are uncommon during and immediately following pregnancy, management of these cases should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team, including obstetricians, pediatricians, neurosurgeons, and anesthesiologists.

Abstract: Intracranial hemorrhage represents an uncommon but serious complication of pregnancy. Non-traumatic subdural hematomas (SDH) are uncommon during the prenatal period with limited literature about etiology and management.

Ventricular silent rupture leading to sudden death: Navigating diagnostic challenges in a resource-constraint setting.

Key Clinical Message: Ventricular myocardial rupture is a rare complication of myocardial infarction. It occurs within hours to weeks after an infarction. Mortality is high.

A unique presentation of metaplastic breast carcinoma, NOS: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: A rare form of invasive breast carcinoma, NOS, also known as matrix-producing carcinoma made up of epithelial and mesenchymal components. Usually, they are triple negative and clinically aggressive and respond poorly to neoadjuvant systemic therapy.

Abstract: Metaplastic breast carcinomas (MBCs) are ductal carcinomas that undergo metaplasia to form nonglandular growth patterns.

Digital phenotyping: An equal opportunity approach to reducing disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research.

A rapidly aging world population is fueling a concomitant increase in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD). Scientific inquiry, however, has largely focused on White populations in Australia, the European Union, and North America. As such, there is an incomplete understanding of AD in other populations.

Therapeutic potential role of vitamin C in prevention and control of heart transplant rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. A need for consideration.

The burden of cardiovascular diseases is rising rapidly globally. Heart transplant is one of the most last resort medical option for patients with heart failure. Unfortunately, this surgical intervention is associated with several serious complications including heart transplant rejection (HTR) and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy (CAV) which can manifest just within few years' posttransplant.

Giant pilomatrix carcinoma of the scalp with intracranial extension: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: A very rare skin cancer. Malignant variant of pilomatricoma. It is unique because of its highly aggressive behavior.

Scurvy: A treatable forgotten fatal differential diagnosis and potential etiology of leukemia and aplastic anemia in pediatric population.

Scurvy is a rare nutritional deficiency disease which is less likely to be suspected and it mostly lead to delayed diagnosis. It can present with features which can mislead clinicians to misdiagnose the condition as leukemia or aplastic anemia. This can subject patients to the wrong management which leads to poor outcome and increased preventable morbidity and mortality.

Massive ossifying fibroma of mandible: A case report and review of the literature.

Key Clinical Message: Benign fibro-osseous neoplasm. Massive size is rarely reported. May be confused with other pathologies such as fibrous dysplasia or osteosarcoma.

Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type with medullary pattern: A case report at a tertiary facility in Tanzania.

Key Clinical Message: Describes a rare form of invasive breast cancer of no special type.Not a distinct morphological subtype.Characterized by dense lymphoid infiltrate, syncytial growth, pushing borders, and cells with high-grade nuclei.

Management of a giant pleomorphic adenoma of the soft palate: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: Benign mixed salivary gland tumor is comprised of epithelial and myoepithelial cells and represents up to 80% of tumors of the parotid gland. It is relatively rare in the soft palate and in other minor salivary glands. Surgery is the standard care.

Diagnostic dilemma in a rare case of nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma at a referral facility in Northern Tanzania.

Key Clinical Message: Rare cancer originating from parathyroid parenchymal cells. Preoperative diagnosis is often difficult. Presents with normal serum levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone.

Primary breast squamous cell carcinoma: A case report at a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania.

Key Clinical Message: Primary SCC of the breast is a very rare disease.Metastasis from elsewhere should be excluded first.The tumor is a very aggressive with poor prognosis.

Primary scrotal lipoma posing a diagnostic quandary: Experience from northern Tanzania, a case report.

Primary scrotal lipoma is a rare urological diagnosis. It is usually diagnosed incidentally as most of time initial diagnosis may be confused with other common etiology of scrotal masses. A rare case of scrotal lipoma with initial misdiagnosis of hydrocele at primary health facility is presented in this article.

Intravesical textiloma mistook for bladder stone: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: Intravesical textiloma is a rare surgical complication, that may cause nonspecific lower urinary tract symptoms. Clinicians should consider it in patients with a history of bladder surgery and persistent or new-onset urinary symptoms.

Abstract: Intravesical textiloma is a rare condition usually presents asymptomatic or with non specific symptoms.

Management of huge verrucous carcinoma of lower lip: A case report at a tertiary hospital in northern Tanzania.

Key Clinical Message: Well-differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Slow growing, exophytic, cauliflower-like growth easily confused with a viral wart. Cutaneous, anogenital, and oral variant exist.

Global increased cesarean section rates and public health implications: A call to action.

Over the years; global caesarian section (CS) rates have significantly increased from around 7% in 1990 to 21% today surpassing the ideal acceptable CS rate which is around 10%-15% according to the WHO. However, currently, not all CS are done for medical reasons with rapidly increasing rate of nonmedically indicated CS and the so-called "caesarian on maternal request." These trends are projected to continue increasing over this current decade where both unmet needs and overuse are expected to coexist with the projected global rate of 29% by 2030.