Non-monotonic Variation of Potential-dependent Surface Diffusion at Electrochemical Interfaces in the Presence of Coadsorbates.

The influence of coadsorbed ions on adsorbate diffusion, an inherent effect at solid-liquid interfaces, was studied for adsorbed sulfur on Ag(100) electrodes in the presence of bromide or iodide. Quantitative in situ high-speed scanning tunnelling microscopy (video-STM) measurements were performed both in the potential regime of the c(2×2) halide adlayer at its saturation coverage and in the regime of a disordered adlayer where the halide coverage increases with potential. These studies reveal a surprising non-monotonic potential dependence of Sad diffusion with an initial increase with halide coverage, followed by a decrease upon halide adlayer ordering into the c(2×2) structure.

A Short Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Assessment Scale for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Background: Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) suffer from several neuropsychological impairments. These mainly affect the frontal lobe and subcortical brain structures. However, a scale for the assessment of cognitive and neuropsychiatric disability in PSP is still missing.

Phenolic Compounds and Pharmacological Potential of Extracts for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

The search for neuroprotective compounds in lavender is driven by its traditional use for brain health, with antioxidant activity serving as a key mechanism in reducing oxidative stress and supporting cognitive function. Lavender's potential to protect neurons is based on its calming, anti-stress properties, which increase the brain's resistance to neurodegeneration. Although lavender is not a traditional medicinal plant in Ukraine, it is increasingly recognised for its medicinal properties and is widely cultivated in the country.

A Magnetoelectric Distance Estimation System for Relative Human Motion Tracking.

Clinical motion analysis plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of mobility-limiting diseases. Within this assessment, relative (point-to-point) tracking of extremities could benefit from increased accuracy. Given the limitations of current wearable sensor technology, supplementary spatial data such as distance estimates could provide added value.

The fundamentals of eye tracking part 2: From research question to operationalization.

In this article, we discuss operationalizations and examples of experimental design in eye-tracking research. First, we distinguish direct operationalization for entities like saccades, which are closely aligned with their original concepts, and indirect operationalization for concepts not directly measurable, such as attention or mind-wandering. The latter relies on selecting a measurable proxy.

Investigating Past, Present, and Future Trends on Interface Between Marine and Medical Research and Development: A Bibliometric Review.

The convergence of marine sciences and medical studies has the potential for substantial advances in healthcare. This study uses bibliometric and topic modeling studies to map the progression of research themes from 2000 to 2023, with an emphasis on the interdisciplinary subject of marine and medical sciences. Building on the global publication output at the interface between marine and medical sciences and using the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process, we discovered dominating research topics during three periods, emphasizing shifts in research focus and development trends.

Advances in Biomimetics: The Power of Diversity.

Biomimetics research on living systems attempts to transfer their properties and functions to engineering applications [...

Death ligand receptor (DLR) signaling: Its non-apoptotic functions in cancer and the consequences of DLR-directed therapies.

Death ligands (DLs), particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), FAS ligand (FASL), and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), collectively termed TFT, are pivotal members of the TNF superfamily. While traditionally linked to apoptosis, TFT proteins have emerged as key regulators of various non-apoptotic processes. This review summarizes the non-apoptotic functions of TFT in cancer and explores the intricate crosstalk signaling pathways and their impact on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, inflammation, and pro-tumorigenic function.

Distribution of the four type VI secretion systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and classification of their core and accessory effectors.

Bacterial type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are puncturing molecular machines that transport effector proteins to kill microbes, manipulate eukaryotic cells, or facilitate nutrient uptake. How and why T6SS machines and effectors differ within a species is not fully understood. Here, we applied molecular population genetics to the T6SSs in a global population of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Polarized vision in the eyes of the most effective predators: dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata).

Polarization is a property of light that describes the oscillation of the electric field vector. Polarized light can be detected by many invertebrate animals, and this visual channel is widely used in nature. Insects rely on light polarization for various purposes, such as water detection, improving contrast, breaking camouflage, navigation, and signaling during mating.

The chromosome-level genome of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 reveals a unique immune gene repertoire.

Ctenophora are basal marine metazoans, the sister group of all other animals. Mnemiopsis leidyi is one of the most successful invasive species worldwide with intense ecological and evolutionary research interest. Here, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly of M.

Electrospun nanofibers of curcumin/HP-beta-CD/pullulan complex with enhanced solubility and controlled release in food and drug delivery applications.

Curcumin, a hydrophobic drug derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, exhibits significant bioactive properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. However, its poor water solubility and rapid degradation limit its practical applications. This study presents a novel design of electrospun nanofibers using curcumin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (HP-β-CD-IC) combined with pullulan to enhance thermal stability and controlled release.

Semantic search helper: A tool based on the use of embeddings in multi-item questionnaires as a harmonization opportunity for merging large datasets - A feasibility study.

Background: Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP), particularly in language processing methods, have opened new avenues in semantic data analysis. A promising application of NLP is data harmonization in questionnaire-based cohort studies, where it can be used as an additional method, specifically when only different instruments are available for one construct as well as for the evaluation of potentially new construct-constellations. The present article therefore explores embedding models' potential to detect opportunities for semantic harmonization.

Effect of Thermal Reflow on Microstructural Morphology and Contact Mechanics in the Photo-Lithographic Fabrication of Biomimetic Adhesive Materials.

Bionic adhesive materials with 3D complex micro/nanostructures have several advantages of low preload, strong adhesion, switchable adhesion, etc. As the primary high-precision fabrication method for such materials, lithography is inherently limited by its 2D processing capabilities. Achieving complex 3D morphologies typically requires auxiliary processes, such as dipping and double-sided separate UV exposures, which increase both the complexity and limitations of the fabrication process.

Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Their Quantities, Analytical Methods and Exposure Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Melamine, as a toxic compound, needs to be controlled in food, especially in dairy products. In this systematic study, quantities of melamine and cyanuric acid in various types of milk were investigated. A comprehensive database search was performed using the keywords pasteurized milk, milk, sterilized milk, melamine, and cyanuric acid without time limitation.

Haplotype Phasing of Biallelic WNT10B Variants Using Long-Read Sequencing in Split-Hand/Foot Malformation Syndrome.

Split-hand/foot malformation syndrome (SHFM) is a congenital limb malformation that is both clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Variants in WNT10B are known to cause an autosomal recessive form of SHFM. Here, we report a patient born to unrelated parents who was found to be a compound heterozygote for missense variants in WNT10B: c.

New onset refractory status epilepticus: Long-term outcomes beyond seizures.

We propose and prioritize important outcome domains that should be considered for future research investigating long-term outcomes (LTO) after new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). The study was led by the international NORSE Institute LTO Working Group. First, literature describing the LTO of NORSE survivors was identified using a PubMed search and summarized to identify knowledge gaps.

Idecabtagene vicleucel or ciltacabtagene autoleucel for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: An international multicenter study.

Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) have revolutionized the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), but direct comparisons are lacking. Leveraging an international multicenter RRMM cohort, we compared the outcome of ide-cel ( = 162) versus cilta-cel ( = 42). Co-primary efficacy endpoints of the study were overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Seasonal productivity of the equatorial Atlantic shaped by distinct wind-driven processes.

The eastern equatorial Atlantic hosts a productive marine ecosystem that depends on upward supply of nitrate, the primary limiting nutrient in this region. The annual productivity peak, indicated by elevated surface chlorophyll levels, occurs in the Northern Hemisphere summer, roughly coinciding with strengthened easterly winds. For enhanced productivity in the equatorial Atlantic, nitrate-rich water must rise into the turbulent layer above the Equatorial Undercurrent.

Widespread occurrence and relevance of phosphate storage in foraminifera.

Foraminifera are ubiquitous marine protists that intracellularly accumulate phosphate, an important macronutrient in marine ecosystems and in fertilizer potentially leaked into the ocean. Intracellular phosphate concentrations can be 100-1,000 times higher than in the surrounding water. Here we show that phosphate storage in foraminifera is widespread, from tidal flats to the deep sea.

Relationships of eating behaviors with psychopathology, brain maturation and genetic risk for obesity in an adolescent cohort study.

Unhealthy eating, a risk factor for eating disorders (EDs) and obesity, often coexists with emotional and behavioral problems; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Analyzing data from the longitudinal IMAGEN adolescent cohort, we investigated associations between eating behaviors, genetic predispositions for high body mass index (BMI) using polygenic scores (PGSs), and trajectories (ages 14-23 years) of ED-related psychopathology and brain maturation. Clustering analyses at age 23 years ( = 996) identified 3 eating groups: restrictive, emotional/uncontrolled and healthy eaters.

The influence of pectins and cellulose in the mechanical and adhesive properties of seed mucilage.

Several plant seeds release a mucilaginous envelope through hydration, rich in pectins and stabilized by cellulose fibers. This mucilage aids in seed protection, development, and adhesion for dispersal. This study aimed to separate the effects of pectins and cellulose fibers by using pectinase to remove mucilage pectins, leaving cellulose arrays, and performing wet and dry pull-off force measurements on seeds of three plant species: Salvia hispanica (Chia), Collomia grandiflora (Collomia) and Linum usitatissimum (Flax).