An Analysis of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Performed at the Institute of Kidney Disease, Pakistan: Stone Clearance and Complications.

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the preferred treatment for large renal stones, yet variability in outcomes arises from patient-specific factors and institutional practices. Understanding complications and predictors of success is essential to improving procedural efficacy.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate stone clearance rates, complications classified using the Clavien-Dindo system, and predictors of PCNL outcomes, with a focus on improving lower calyx stone clearance.

The Diagnosis and Initial Management of Children Presenting With Premature Loss of Primary Teeth Associated With a Systemic Condition.

Background and objective Pediatric dentists face a serious challenge when encountering cases of primary teeth lost too soon due to systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, congenital heart disease, and chronic kidney disease. Prompt identification and treatment are necessary to minimize problems in these patients. This study aimed to better understand and enhance clinical outcomes in pediatric dentistry treatment by investigating diagnostic modalities and early therapy methods for kids who lose their primary teeth too soon because of systemic disorders.