Carbon Dots Green Synthesis for Ultra-Trace Determination of Ceftriaxone Using Response Surface Methodology.

The present study sought to develop a facile and green synthetic approach for producing fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) from a natural biomass using aqueous extraction of carbonized blue crab shell. Spherical carbon dots (6.00 ± 3.

Molecular investigation of two novel bacteriophages of a facultative methylotroph, Raoultella ornithinolytica: first report of Raoultella phages.

Bacteria of the genus Raoultella are known to inhabit aquatic environments and can be found in medical samples. The pathogenicity of Raoultella ornithinolytica isolates in human has become increasingly important, and several cases of infections have been reported recently. However, there are no reports of isolation of bacteriophages infecting this bacterium.

Phycosynthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Toward Organosulfur Pollutants.

A novel eco-friendly procedure was developed to produce safer, stable and highly pure zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using microalgae Chlorella extract. The ZnO NPs were synthesized simply using zinc nitrate and microalgae Chlorella extract which conducted at ambient conditions. In this recipe, microalgae Chlorella extract acted as the reducing agent and a stabilizing layer on fresh ZnO NPs.

Assessment of Gill Pathological Responses in Yellowfin Sea Bream (Acanthopagrus Latus) Under Aeromonas Hydrophila Exposure.

Bacterial diseases in cultured fish are considered the main problem with aquaculture system in Iran. The gills are multifunctional organs responsible for respiration, osmoregulation, nitrogenous waste excretion, and acid-base balance. Moreover, they are very sensitive to water contamination.

Exposure of liver cell culture from the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, to benzo[a]pyrene and light results in oxidative damage as measured by antioxidant enzymes.

Among the various toxicants discharged into aquatic environments, benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) has been shown to effect on the antioxidant system of fish and the evaluation of its impact on biota is of considerable concern. The aim of the present study was to use the primary hepatocyte culture obtained from the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, to evaluate the adverse effects of benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) on cell viability and liver antioxidant system. BaP was selected for its high ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress.

Changes in serum biochemical parameters and digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sobaity sea bream (Sparidentex hasta) in response to partial replacement of dietary fish meal with poultry by-product meal.

A 60-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary fish meal (FM) replacement with poultry by-product meal (PBM) on digestive enzymes, non-specific serum enzyme activity, and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile sobaity sea bream, Sparidentex hasta, weighing 29.27 ± 0.06 g.

Immunotoxicity of estrogen and nonylphenol on apoptosis and expression of ERs in goldfish macrophage: Opening new avenue for discovering the role of experimental model systems and sexes.

The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and their roles in important cell processes such as apoptosis in the macrophages exposed to estrogen/xenoestrogen have remained a complex secret. This study focused on the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and the stimulation of apoptosis in the macrophages from the two sexes of goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to 17-βestradiol (E2) and nonylphenol (NP) under in vivo and in vitro conditions. For the in vivo experiment, fish were exposed to NP (10 M and 10 M) and E2 (10 M) for 24 days.

New records of the brittle stars Ophiothela venusta and Ophiactis modesta (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the northern Persian Gulf, with morphological details.

During a faunistic survey on two shipwrecks in the northern Persian Gulf, several species of ophiuroid were collected in 2015 and 2016. Ophiactis modesta is reported for the first time in the Persian Gulf and Ophiothela venusta is re-described, because it has likely been misidentified in the past, possibly confused with Ophiopsammium semperi. Both species were epizoic: Ophiothela venusta was found on octocorals, Ophiactis modesta on sponges.

Spontaneously contracting cell aggregates derived from grass carp heart as a promising tool in in vitro heart research.

Regarding challenges in isolation and maintenance of cultured heart cells, introduction of new in vitro heart model that is stable and exhibits long-term spontaneously contracting cell aggregates (SCCs), whose electrophysiological properties are comparable to the human heart, is required. This research aimed to establish cardiac primary cells and to evaluate the effects of culture conditions. Also the effect of fish age on beating SCC and cardiac cell morphology were studied.

Metabolism and removal of anthracene and lead by a -produced biosurfactant.

Most of effluents discharged to the environment contain toxic contaminants such as aromatic compounds and heavy metals which are considered hazardous to the nature and living organisms. In this study, resistant to anthracene and lead was isolated from Persian Gulf sediments. Biosurfactant production was demonstrated using three methods, drop collapse, blood agar and oil spreading.

Interruption of immune responses in primary macrophages exposed to nonylphenol provides insights into the role of ER and NF-KB in immunotoxicity of Persian sturgeon.

The severe decline in population of sturgeons due to pollution highlighted poor understanding about the immunotoxicological responses of sturgeons. This study was designed in three experiments to find out how nonylphenol (NP) interrupts some pro-inflammatory immune parameters in macrophages from Persian sturgeon (Acipencer persicous) as the oldest vertebrate model conserving intact innate immune system. After determination of IC values of NP (200 μM), some pro-inflammatory immune parameters and induced apoptosis in macrophages at low dose (10 nM) and high dose (100 nM) of NP and of 17β estradiol (E2) (positive control) were determined after 6, 24 and 48 h of the exposure (as the first experiment).

Distributions and compositional patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives in three edible fishes from Kharg coral Island, Persian Gulf, Iran.

This is the first report on bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives (oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, hydroxyl, carbonyl and methyl-containing PAHs) in three edible marine fishes, namely Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Lethrinus microdon and Scomberomorus guttatus, from Kharg Island, Persian Gulf, Iran. The concentrations (ng gdw) of Σ39PAHs resulted significantly higher in fish liver than muscle, with the PAH composition pattern dominated by low molecular weight compounds (naphthalene, alkyl-naphthalenes and phenanthrene). The highest mean concentrations of ∑9 oxygenated and ∑15 hydroxylated PAHs (ng gdw) were found ound in L.

Optimization of macrophage isolation from the Persian sturgeon and the Caspian kutum fish: a comparative study.

The aim of this research was a comparative study on the isolation and culture of head kidney macrophages derived from Acipenser persicous and Rutilus frisii kutum as teleost and chondrostei species of fish. The macrophages were isolated by density gradient sedimentation, followed by adherence to a plastic surface. They exhibited strong phagocytic activity against bacteria.

Histopathological impairment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) induced through povidone-iodine exposure.

Histological biomarkers are one of the most advantageous tools in monitoring toxicological studies under experimental condition in laboratory. Since disinfectants are extensively inflowing into aquatic ecosystems, this study conducted on common carp to examine the effect of betadine solution on the liver and gill tissue. A 120-carp were kept for 2 weeks in the 100-l aquarium Different concentrations of povidone-iodine (betadine) prepared in three replications and a control group was prepared with no betadine (0, 5, 7, 8, and 9 ppm).

Effects of the environmental endocrine disrupting compound benzo[a]pyrene on thyroidal status of abu mullet () during short-term exposure.

Benzo[a]Pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that has been shown to disrupt the metabolism of thyroid hormone. Then, the present investigation aimed to study the effects of BaP on thyroid function in . Fish were injected with 2, 10 and 25 mg/kg-bw of BaP.

CYP1A gene expression as a basic factor for fipronil toxicity in Caspian kutum fish.

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of fipronil insecticide on the Caspian kutum fish at different levels of biological organizations and to find possible relationship between these biomarkers. Different doses of fipronil (65, 130 and 200 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered to the fish for 2 weeks. After 7 and 14 days of exposure, alterations in organ-somatic index, tissue and DNA structure, oxidative stress and CYP1A gene expression in gill, liver, brain and kidney were studied.

Comparison of proteomic profiles in the ovary of Sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) during vitellogenic stages.

One of the challenges of sturgeon aquaculture is that sturgeon takes an extended amount of time to reach sexual maturity. The pattern of the protein expression in relation to the late maturity of sturgeon can help to better understand changes in sexual maturity. 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and vitellogenin (Vtg) levels were examined at all stages of sexual maturation in Sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus).

Effects of dietary organic, inorganic, and nanoparticulate selenium sources on growth, hemato-immunological, and serum biochemical parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of supplementing (0.7 mg kg) different dietary selenium (Se) sources including organic [selenomethionine (SeMet)], inorganic [sodium selenite (NaSeO)], and nanoparticulate Se (nano-Se) on physiological responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio juveniles (9.7 ± 0.

Effects of Probiotic Bacteria Bacillus on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Hematological Parameters of Asian Sea Bass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch).

This study was conducted to evaluate different doses of two species of Bacillus (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis), on growth parameters, chemical composition of fish, activity of liver, and digestive enzymes of Asian sea bass. During 8 weeks, juvenile Asian sea bass received diets supplemented with 1 × 10, 1 × 10, and 1 × 10 CFU g probiotic in addition to a control diet without added microorganisms. At the end of the trial, growth indices (total weight, total length, specific growth rate, total weight gain, food conversion ratio, and condition factor), body composition (crude protein, crude lipid, ash, and dry matter), digestive enzymes (protease, lipase, and amylase), liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], immunologic indicators (lysozyme), and hematological parameters [hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs)] were assessed.

Short-term induction of vitellogenesis in the immature male yellowfin seabream ( Acanthopagrus latus) exposed to bisphenol A and 17 β-estradiol.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a known environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical that is widely used in plastics manufacturing. BPA enters in the aquatic environment mainly through urban and industrial sewage effluents, thereby posing a potential threat to organisms living in these ecosystems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of BPA on VTG production with direct (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyarylamide gel electrophoresis) and indirect (alkali-labile phosphate (ALP), total plasma calcium and protein) methods in immature male yellowfin seabream ( Acanthopagrus latus) as a marine fish model.

Using cell apoptosis, micronuclei and immune alternations as biomarkers of phenanthrene exposure in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus).

In the present study, the apoptosis and tissue changes in the spleen, as well as humoral immune-related parameters, micronuclei (MN) induction in blood cells and Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity were investigated in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) after short-term exposure to phenanthrene (Phe). The fish were intraperitoneally injected with different concentrations (2, 20 and 40 mg kg) of Phe and tissue and blood samples were collected 1, 4, 7 and 14 days after injection. The concentrations of Phe in the fish liver increased 4 days after the experiment.

Comparison of waterborne and intraperitoneal exposure to fipronil in the Caspian white fish ( on acute toxicity and histopathology.

Fipronil is an effective insecticide widely used in agriculture with potential ecotoxicological consequences. The median lethal dose (LD) and concentration (LC) of fipronil in 16.3 g Caspian white fish, fingerlings were determined.

Responses of immune organs after single-dose exposure to phenanthrene in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus): CYP1A induction and oxidative stress.

The effect of phenanthrene (Phe) on induction of ethoxyresorufinO-deethylase (EROD) activity and oxidative stress was examined in immune organs of yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus. Fish were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection at 2, 20, or 40 mg kg. The Phe concentration in spleen, EROD activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, ascorbic acid (AsA), total glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein carbonylation (PC) levels in spleen and head kidney were assessed at one, four, seven, and 14 days post-injection.

Tolerance to heavy metals in filamentous fungi isolated from contaminated mining soils in the Zanjan Province, Iran.

In the present study the population of fungi inhabiting metal contaminated soil samples from lead-zinc mining area was investigated, and their tolerance and biosorption capacity towards Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu were evaluated. Fungal species, including Acremonium persicinum, Penicillium simplicissimum, Seimatosporium pistaciae, Trichoderma harzianum, Alternaria chlamydosporigena and Fusarium verticillioides were isolated. Fungal tolerance was determined by measuring of the "Minimum Inhibitory Concentration", after exposure to increasing concentrations of heavy metal chlorides.

Using a liver cell culture from Epinephelus coioides as a model to evaluate the nonylphenol-induced oxidative stress.

The present study aimed to use primary liver cell culture derived from the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, to assess the toxic effects of nonylphenol (NP) on the hepatocyte viability and the liver antioxidant system. E. coioides was selected due to its commercial importance.