Association of early-onset Type 2 diabetes with cognitive impairment is partially mediated by increased pulse pressure.

Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to be associated with cognitive decline and dementia. As earlier onset of diabetes implies a longer disease duration and an increased risk to complications, we sought to investigate the effect of T2DM onset on cognitive function of our patients.

Methods: We administered the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) to T2DM patients aged 45-85 from our SMART2D cohort.

Ethnic-Specific Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factor PAX4 R192H Is Associated with Attention-Specific Cognitive Impairment in Chinese with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to increase the risks of cognitive decline and dementia. Paired box gene 4 (PAX4), a transcription factor for beta cell development and function, has recently been implicated in pathways intersecting Alzheimer's disease and T2DM.

Objective: In this report, we evaluated the association of the ethnic-specific PAX4 R192H variant, a T2DM risk factor for East Asians which contributes to earlier diabetes onset, and cognitive function of Chinese T2DM patients.

Clinical experience from a regional monogenic diabetes referral centre in Singapore.

Aims: Monogenic diabetes (also known as maturity-onset diabetes of the young or MODY) affects a subset of individuals with young-onset diabetes. We report our diagnostic work-up experience for such individuals.

Methods: Serving as a regional secondary-care diabetes centre in a multi-ethnic population, we receive referrals to evaluate MODY from endocrinologists in both public and private practice.

Multicolor imaging in central serous chorioretinopathy - a quantitative and qualitative comparison with fundus autofluorescence.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterised by choroidal hyperpermeability which results in neurosensory detachments (NSD) along with numerous retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) alterations such as RPE atrophy. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) demonstrates the functionality of the RPE while multicolor imaging(MCI), by means of its three incident wavelengths, provides insight into clinical changes at various levels of the retina and choroid in CSCR. This study compares various clinical findings in CSCR (NSD, subretinal deposits, RPE atrophy, pigment epithelial detachments (PED) and pachyvessels) on the above mentioned imaging modalities both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Precision medicine for a man presented with diabetes at 2-month old.

A 22-year-old man was referred for continuation of diabetes mellitus treatment. He was first diagnosed with diabetes mellitus 2 months after birth, when he failed to thrive and showed symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis. There was no family history of diabetes mellitus.

PAX4 R192H is associated with younger onset of Type 2 diabetes in East Asians in Singapore.

Aims: Young-onset T2D (YT2D) is associated with a more fulminant course and greater propensity for diabetic complications. The association of PAX4 R192H (rs2233580) variation with YT2D was inconsistent partly because of its Asian-specificity and under-representation of Asians in international consortiums. Interestingly, in our preliminary YT2D (mean = 25 years old) cohort, the prevalence of PAX4 R192H variant was remarkably higher (21.

Multi-centre study on cultural dimensions and perceived attitudes of nurses towards influenza vaccination uptake.

This study explored how cultural values affected Health Belief Model (HBM) components and the influenza vaccine uptake among nurses across three Asian populations using a survey conducted in 2017 (N = 3971). The vaccination coverages were 33.5% (Brunei), 35.

A preliminary study to evaluate the strategy of combining clinical criteria and next generation sequencing (NGS) for the identification of monogenic diabetes among multi-ethnic Asians.

Aims: Diabetes is increasing globally and Asia is the epicenter. Among those with young-onset diabetes (<45years), the prevalence of monogenic diabetes is estimated to be non-trivial (∼5%). An accurate diagnosis of monogenic diabetes is important to inform treatment, prognosis and genetic counseling.