An Update on the Molecular and Cellular Basis of Pharmacotherapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic illness with an increasing global prevalence. More than 537 million cases of diabetes were reported worldwide in 2021, and the number is steadily increasing. The worldwide number of people suffering from DM is projected to reach 783 million in 2045.

Haematological malignancies as disorders negatively impacting specificities of the direct agglutination and rapid rK39 strip tests as reference diagnostics for visceral leishmanisis.

Introduction: During several years of work in Sudan, we occasionally had been confronted with patients who presented clinical features highly suggestive of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) however direct agglutination test (DAT) readings that were either at the high negative or low positive titre range. Inquiries on the fate of those particular patients revealed mortality, undetermined diagnosis or that in some of them leukaemia was finally diagnosed.

Gap Statement: Investigate as to what extent haematological malignancies (HMs) interfere with VL diagnosis.

Formal Analysis of Trust and Reputation for Service Composition in IoT.

The exponential growth in the number of smart devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) that are associated with various IoT-based smart applications and services, raises interoperability challenges. Service-oriented architecture for IoT (SOA-IoT) solutions has been introduced to deal with these interoperability challenges by integrating web services into sensor networks via IoT-optimized gateways to fill the gap between devices, networks, and access terminals. The main aim of service composition is to transform user requirements into a composite service execution.

Routine Application of Lung Ultrasonography in Respiratory Care: Knowledge, Perceptions, and Barriers to Instigate.

Background: Lung Ultrasound (LUS) had proved to be beneficial in detecting respiratory disorders at the bedside. Understanding the important role of Respiratory Therapists (RTs) in the critical care, we aimed to assess their knowledge, perceived relevance of LUS to clinical practice, current skill gaps, and barriers to practice.

Methods: A cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted among the RTs working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Effects of cannabinoids on ligand-gated ion channels.

Phytocannabinoids such as Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, endocannabinoids such as N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and synthetic cannabinoids such as CP47,497 and JWH-018 constitute major groups of structurally diverse cannabinoids. Along with these cannabinoids, CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors and enzymes involved in synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids comprise the major components of the cannabinoid system. Although, cannabinoid receptors are known to be involved in anti-convulsant, anti-nociceptive, anti-psychotic, anti-emetic, and anti-oxidant effects of cannabinoids, in recent years, an increasing number of studies suggest that, at pharmacologically relevant concentrations, these compounds interact with several molecular targets including G-protein coupled receptors, ion channels, and enzymes in a cannabinoid-receptor independent manner.

Quality assurance in allied healthcare education: A narrative review.

Introduction: There is no standard methodology for outlining the intricacies of allied healthcare education (AHE) or its quality. The profound misconception is that quality assurance (QA) in AHE is used on a "voluntary" basis. Given the absence of statutory regulatory mechanisms such as accreditation, validation, and audit by the peripheral agencies concerning QA, adoption of QA measures in AHE is not consistent, and it results in producing a subpar allied health workforce.

Optimization of BLB369 Culture Medium by Response Surface Methodology for Low Cost Production of Antifungal Activity.

BLB369 is an important plant growth-promoting bacterium, which produces antifungal compounds. A statistics-based experimental design was used to optimize a liquid culture medium using inexpensive substrates for increasing its antifungal activity. A Plackett-Burman design was first applied to elucidate medium components having significant effects on antifungal production.

The compliance of nutrition claims on pita bread in Lebanon and risk on public health: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Mislabeling is a type of fraud, that can lead to major health concerns, especially when used on staple foods like bread. This study aimed to assess the compliance of nutrition claims on pre-packaged Pita bread in Mount Lebanon with national (LIBNOR; NL 661:2017) and international (CODEX; CAC/GL -2-1985) standards.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and Lebanese bread samples (n = 75) were collected from all the registered bakeries in Mount Lebanon directorate (n = 25).

Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients in the First Year of Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) carries a high risk of infection and has spread rapidly around the world. However, there are limited data about the clinical symptoms globally. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify the prevalence of the clinical symptoms of patient with COVID-19.

Gaps in the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures could lead to development of new strains of antimicrobial resistant pathogens: Nigerian perspective.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new virus that is responsible for COVID-19, a disease that complicate health conditions and results in death. The total diversion of attention of government and health care workers (HCWs) to prevent the escalation of the pandemic disease has placed a great barrier to diagnosis and treatment of other illnesses that share common symptoms with COVID-19, and that has consequently enabled the endemic practice of self-antimicrobial medication to increase in Nigeria. Development of secondary infections in COVID-19 and in other conditions, caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens could make them more deadly now or in the future.

Quality Management in Respiratory Care.

The word "quality" refers to the features of a product or service to which a certain value is ascribed. When it comes to hospital-based practices, quality has often been considered to be specific to the care provided. However, this specific perspective is transitioning toward a broader concept after the evolution of quality-improvement projects and quality frameworks at the organizational level.

Breast cancer survival and its prognostic factors in the United Arab Emirates: A retrospective study.

Background: Data on breast cancer survival and its prognostic factors are lacking in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Sociodemographic and pathologic factors have been studied widely in western populations but are very limited in this region. This study is the first to report breast cancer survival and investigate prognostic factors associated with its survival in the UAE.

Respiratory Mechanics: To Balance the Mechanical Breaths!!

Sundaram M, Karthika M. Respiratory Mechanics: To Balance the Mechanical Breaths!!. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(1):10-11.

Impact of Bariatric Surgery in Reducing Macrovascular Complications in Severely Obese T2DM Patients.

Background: Evidence from real-world studies have suggested a reduced rate of macrovascular complications following bariatric surgery. We undertook this meta-analysis to investigate the impact of bariatric surgery on macrovascular disease outcomes in severely obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: An extensive literature search was performed in PubMed from inception until March 2020.

Burden of diabetes mellitus and its impact on COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis of real-world evidence.

Background & Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads rapidly and within no time, it has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Evidence suggests diabetes to be a risk factor for the progression and poor prognosis of COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to understand the pooled prevalence of diabetes in patients infected with COVID-19.

The Number of Confirmed Cases of Covid-19 by using Machine Learning: Methods and Challenges.

Covid-19 is one of the biggest health challenges that the world has ever faced. Public health policy makers need the reliable prediction of the confirmed cases in future to plan medical facilities. Machine learning methods learn from the historical data and make predictions about the events.

Prevalence of Fatigue in Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context: Fatigue is a particularly common and troubling symptom that has a negative impact on quality of life throughout all phases of treatment and stages of the illness among patients with cancer.

Objectives: The objective of this meta-analysis is to examine the present status of fatigue prevalence in patients with cancer.

Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, from inception up to February 2020.

"Stages of change, smoking behavior and acceptability of a textmessaging intervention for tobacco cessation among cigarette, dokha and shishasmokers: A qualitative research study.".

Objectives: To explore: (A) the underlying motivators and barriers to smoking cessation among young Arabic speaking smokers and (B) to examine the suitability and preferences for tobacco cessation interventions (specifically text messages) and study the possibility of enrollment methods for a randomised controlled study using text messages as an intervention for tobacco cessation.

Design: Qualitative research using focus group discussions and content analysis.

Settings: Two universities, one of them is the first and foremost comprehensive national university in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

No association between proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia: Evidence from a meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: A growing body of literature suggests the association between dementia risk and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between PPI use and dementia risk.

Methods: An extensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane till March 31, 2019.